/fhgLlt÷sfª\u|];

sf]O/fnfsf] 5xf/Ldf slt~h]n <

jL/u~h dxflwj]zgdf g]kfnL sfª\u|];nfO{ …;fd"lxs g]t[TjÚ df ;'Dk]/ sf]O/fnfn] kf6L{leq cfGtl/s nf]stGqsf] cEof; z'? ug{ 6]jf lbg'kb{5 / cfkm" /fi6«nfO{ g]t[Tj lbg cu|;/ x'Fb} b/af/ tyf hËnsf] ;ª\qmd0fnfO{ /f]Sg] k|of;df h'6\g'kb{5 .

xl/ /f]sf

æg]kfnL sfª\u|]; sdhf]/ / lzlyn eof] eg] b]z / hgtfsf] :jfledfg IftljIft x'g ;S5– km]l/ klg clwgfosjfbL zf;gsf] qm"/ k|xf/n] b]z 3fOt] / ljsnfË x'g ;S5 .Æ

lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfÙ @* j}zfv, @)%#

g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] gjf}F dxflwj]zgdf sf]O/fnfn] af]Ng'ePsf] of] s'/f ^ jif{d} oyfy{df kl/0ft eof] . To; cjlwdf sfª\u|]; sdhf]/ dfq ePg, ljeflht klg eof], h;n] kf6L{sf sfo{stf{nfO{ lzlyn / sdhf]/ agfpg'sf ;fy} /fhfnfO{ clwgfosjfbL zf;gJoj:yf leœofpg cg's"n jftfj/0f l;h{gf ul/lbof] . oltv]/ sf]O/fnfn] cfzÍf ug'{eP ‰}F /fi6« ;fFRr} g} 3fOt] / ljsnfË x'g k'u]sf] 5 . /, o;df :jo+ sf]O/fnfsf] lhDd]jf/L slt 5, d"NofÍg ug'{ h?/L 5 .


/ljg ;fo\ld

@)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngkl5 cGtl/d ;/sf/df k|wfgdGqL aGg'ePsf g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf tTsfnLg sfo{jfxs ;efklt s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f / cfdlgjf{rg ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ePsf] / To;kl5sf] /fli6«o /fhgLltdf g]kfnL sfª\u|]; xfjL ePsf] lyof] . kf6L{n] @))& ;fnsf] qmflGtb]lv @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;ª\3if{df lgjf{x u/]sf] g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf / aLkL sf]O/fnf h:tf /fli6«o g]tfsf] s'zn /fhgLlts Pj+ j}rfl/s g]t[Tj g} o;sf] k|d'v sf/s lyof] . !* c;f]h @)%( df /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] /fHosf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sf/L clwsf/ cfˆgf] xftdf lnPsf] tLg dlxgfkl5 k|ltsf/ ug{ z'? u/] klg …k|ltudgÚ lj?4 klxnf] ;fj{hlgs lj/f]w;ef g]kfnL sfª\u|];n] g} u/]sf] lyof] . /, oltv]/;Dd cGo bnx¿nfO{ ;fy lnP/ g]kfnL sfª\u|]; g} cgj/t ¿kdf Tof] ;ª\3if{df xf]ldPsf] 5 .

clxn] /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] …/rgfTdsÚ zf;g ;~rfng ug]{ rfxgf cg'?k …c;f]htGqÚ nfu' ePsf], gf} jif{b]lv hf/L g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] …hgo'4Ú n] /fHonfO{ cToGt ;ª\s'rgtkm{ ws]ln/x]sf], xTof, lx+;f / ljWj+zn] ef}lts Pj+ ;fdflhs ;+/rgfx¿sf] ljgf; ul//x]sf], ljb]zL s"6gLlts lgof]u tyf /fi6«x¿sf] x:tIf]kd"ns rf;f] al9/x]sf], /fli6«o /fhgLltdf …lj36gÚ sf] k|lqmof tLa| eO/x]sf] tyf cfkm"af6} rf]Ol6P/ uPsf] k|hftflGqs sfª\u|]; / cfGbf]ngsf] ;xofqL g]skf -Pdfn]_ …k|ltudgÚ sf] uf]6L alg/x]sf cj:yfdf cfufdL !(–@@ kmfu'g, @)^! df g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] dxflwj]zg x'Fb}5 . dxflwj]zgn] of] ljs6 kl/l:ylt / o;af6 pTkGg ;d:ofx¿nfO{ s;/L ;Daf]wg u5{ < cfˆg} csd{0otf / ljefhgn] agfPsf] /fli6«o /fhgLltsf] vf8nnfO{ k'g{ ;S5 jf ;Sb}g < jt{dfg g]t[TjnfO{ g} lg/Gt/tf lbG5 jf gofF g]t[TjnfO{ zlQm x:tfGt/0f u5{ < /fli6«o /fhgLltsf] dfu adf]lhd gofF ?kfGt/0fsf nflu km8\sf] df5{ jf k'/fg} 9fFrf / sfo{z}nLnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbG5 < eGg] k|Zgx¿ oltv]/ cfd rf;f]sf ljifo ag]sf 5g\ .

Oltxf;, JolQmTj / r'gf}tL
!% sflQs @))# ;fnb]lv cfh;Dd hf] hlt ;efklt eP klg g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] j}rfl/s g]t[Tj :juL{o jLkL sf]O/fnfn] g} ug'{eof] . @))# b]lv @)!@ ;fn;Dd g]kfnL sfª\u|]; /fhgLlts bneGbf a9L cfGbf]ngsf] ¿kdf :yflkt eof] . @)!@ ;fnsf] jL/u~h dxflwj]zgkl5 o;n] aLkLsf] cu'jfO{df …k"0f{ k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbÚ nfO{ cfˆgf] j}rfl/s l;4fGtsf ¿kdf u|x0f u¥of] . cfh;Dd klg k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbnfO{ clVtof/ ul//x]sf] bfjL ul//x]sf] sfª\u|];sf] j}rfl/s g]t[Tjdf aLkL ljrf/ g} sfod 5 .

aLkLsf] b]xfGtkl5, g]tf qo u0f]zdfg l;+x, s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{ / lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] …6«f]OsfÚ n] kf6L{ ;~rfng u¥of] . kf6L{df e§/fO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd sfo{jfxs ;efklt /x] klg, JolQmTjsf] lx;fan] u0f]zdfg / ;fË7lgs ta/df lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf alnof] b]lvg'x'GYof] . @)$* ;fnsf] cfd lgjf{rgdf s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{sf] k/fhokl5 lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf g]kfnL sfª\u|];df cfˆgf] /fhgLlts / ;fË7lgs l:ylt c‰ alnof] agfpg ;kmn x'g'eof] . @)%! ;fndf u0f]zdfg l;+xn] ljb|f]x u/]kl5 / @)%( ;Dddf s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{ klg /fhgLlts ¿kdf k"0f{ ¿kn] lgl:qmo tyf kf6L{ ljefhg ePkl5 lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] Ps5q g]tf x'g'eof] . @)$* b]lv @)%* ;Dd lul/hfk|;fb g} kfFr–kfFr k6s b]zsf] k|wfgdGqL aGg'eof] . @)%# j}zfvb]lv cfh;Dd g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] ;efklt x'g'x'G5 . o; lx;fan] )$^ ;fnkl5sf] o'unfO{ g} …lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] o'uÚ klg eGg ;lsG5 .

@# k';, @)^! df ;DkGg g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sn] sf]O/fnfnfO{ t];|f] sfo{sfndf klg ;efklt x'g 9f]sf vf]lnlbPsf] 5 . g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] ljwfgsf] wf/f $! -!&_ adf]lhd b'O{ sfo{sfn JotLt u/]sf] JolQm k'gM lhNnf jf s]Gb|sf] ;efklt /xg gkfpg] Joj:yf eP klg kf]v/f dxflwj]zgdf ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'Fbfsf avt ;efklt kbdf al;/x]sfx¿sf xsdf pQm Joj:yf cfslif{t x'G5 ls x'Fb}g eGg] ljifodf k|:6 kfl/Psf] lyPg . t/ kl5Nnf] sfo{;ldltn] sf]O/fnfn] rfx]df km]l/ ;efklt kbdf p7\g ;Sg] JofVof ul/lbPkl5 km/s dt /fVg] s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿ o; lg0f{onfO{ bnLo cfr/0f / JolQmsf] g}lts w/ftn;Fu hf]8]/ x]g{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

oltv]/ kf6L{ k+lQmdf ljut gLlt / sfo{qmd, ltgsf] sfof{Gjog / kf6L{ g]t[Tjsf] Ifdtf eGbf lul/hfk|;fbsf] pd]/, kfl/jfl/s df]x / jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf ;ª\3if{sf nflu pxfFsf] ckl/xfo{tf ax;sf] ljifo ag]sf 5g\ . rrf{ / ljjfb pxfFsf] …w/x/f JolQmTjÚ sf sf/0f pAh]sf x'g\, h'g JolQmTj pxfFsf] kfl/jfl/s k[i7e"ld, laxfg $ ah]b]lv a]n'sf * ah];Ddsf] v6fO, b]zsf s'gfsfKrf;Ddsf] ;/f]sf/ / ;"rgf /fVg] afgL, @))$ ;fnb]lv clxn];Dd ;Dks{df cfPsf JolQm, :yfg, 36gf / k|j[lQnfO{ ;lD‰g] :d/0fzlQm, JolQmut ;Dks{, c8fg tyf pxfFdf lglxt c;Lldt phf{n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] xf] eGg] pxfFsf ;xof]uLx¿sf] /fo 5 . *@ jif{sf] pd]/df klg sf]O/fnfdf b]lvPsf] hfFu/ / ;lqmotf tyf c;f]htGqkl5 pxfFn] b]vfpg'ePsf] ;fx;nfO{ lnP/ lul/hfk|;fbsf] ljsNk gb]Vg' lgxft cgf}7f] nfUb}g . t/ ljBdfg kl/l:yltdf b]vfk/]sf cfGtl/s / afXo r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{ pxfFsf] Psn g]t[Tj slt ;Ifd xf]nf < eGg] k|Zgx¿ k|z:t 5g\ .

cljZjf; / c;kmntfsf !@ jif{
hgcfGbf]ngsf] nuQ} To;sf ;xofqL–;xefuLx¿nfO{ ljZjf; gug'{ tyf cfˆgf] ljrf/ / /fhgLltdf ljkIfnfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg g;Sg' g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] sdhf]/L lyof] . ;Ë7gleqsf] j}rfl/s :vngnfO{ dfkg ug{ g;Sg' / nf]stflGqsk4lt cg'?k bnleq cfGtl/s k|hftGqnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ g;Sg' csf]{ sdhf]/ kIf xf] / c‰} ljBdfg 5 .

@)$* ;fnsf] cfdlgjf{rgkl5 ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ug'{ ePsf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf aLkLn] g]t[Tj x:tfGt/0f ug'{ePsf 6«f]OsfdWo] ;a}eGbf slgi7 x'g'x'GYof] / slgi7tfaf6 pAh]sf] pxfFsf] g]t[Tj ;b}j ljjflbt /Xof] . ;f] ljjfb @)%! ;fnsf] dWofjlw r'gfj, To;sf] k[i7e"lddf /x]sf] sfª\u|];sf] ljeflht dgl:ylt, 3ftk|lt3ft, å]if cflbsf] kl/k|]Iodf c‰ ‰flËof] / o;} kl/j]zdf pxfFn] kf6L{sf] ;efklt kb ;DxfNg'eof] . g]kfnL sfª\u|];, bnLo k4lteGbf u'6aGbLaf6 u|l;t x'gk'Ug'df g]t[Tj kª\lQmsf] sdhf]/Lnufot aflx/L sf/0fx¿ klg lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . sfª\u|];n] af6f] la/fpg'df cGt/f{li6«o ljQLo ;+:yfsf gLlt / ltgaf6 l;lh{t cy{/fhgLltsf] klg dxŒjk"0f{ xft 5 . cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]if -cfO{PdPkm_ tyf ljZj AofÍ h:tf ;+:yfx¿n] oxL ;dofjlwdf cfˆgf] ;+/rgfut ;dfof]hg sfo{qmd -:6«Sr/n P8h:6d]G6 k|f]u|fd_, OgxfG; :6«Sr/n P8h:6d]G6 ˆofl;ln6L k|f]ufd -O;fk_ nfu' ug{{ g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] ;/sf/nfO{ afWo t'NofP . !(() sf] bzssf] k|f/Dedf ;f]leot ;+3 / k"jL{ o'/f]kdf ;dfhjfbsf] lj36gnfO{ cfly{s pbf/jfbsf] ljhosf] ¿kdf u|x0f u/]sf oL ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] ax';ª\Vos hgtfsf] rfxgf / cfjZostfdfly kof{Kt u[xsfo{ gul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf ahf/ cy{tGqåf/f g} ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfg cj;/ lbnfpg tyf /fhgLlts–cy{tGqsf ;Dk"0f{ ju{, tx / tKsfnfO{ ;dflxt u/fpg ;lsG5 eGg] dfGg afWo t'NofP . oltdfq xf]OgÙ pbf/Ls/0f, lghLs/0f / e"d08nLs/0fsf gLltnfO{ nfu' ug{ lg0ff{os 7fpFx¿df cfˆgf ljZjf;kfq JolQmnfO{ lgo'Qm ug{ cx|fP .

g]kfndf klg To:t} x'guof] / lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf ltg} cGt/f{li6«o zlQmsf] k|efj cGtu{t b]zsf] cy{/fhgLltnfO{ xfFSg] JolQmx¿ rog ug{ k'Ug'eof] . of]hgf cfof]udf /fdz/0f dxt geO{ gx'g] / cy{ dGqfnodf dx]z cfrfo{ h:tf gjpbf/jfbsf k|jQmfx¿sf] rog ug'{kg]{ afWofTds l:ylt cfpg'df cGt/f{li6«o bft[;d'bfo / Jofkf/af6 kf]lift ju{sf] xft lyof] . o;/L kf6L{sf] k'/fgf] …;f];n 8]df]qm]l6s Ph]08fÚ nfO{ ltnf~hln lbg] qmddf af;' l/;fn tyf huGgfy cfrfo{ h:tf JolQmTjx¿ kG5fOP / g]t[Tjkª\lQmdf sf]O/fnf dfq PSnf] ;zQm k'?if aGb} hfg'eof] .

kf6L{df lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf ;fgf] /fhgLlts j[Qdf km:b} hfg'ePsf] lyof] eg] s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{ klg of] k|j[lQaf6 d'Qm x'g'x'GgYof] . ptf hgcfGbf]ngsf] …;'lk|d sdf08/Ú /x]sf / k|wfgdGqLsf] kb c:jLsf/ u/]sf u0f]zdfg l;+x ;d]t ;fgf] kfl/jfl/s j[Qsf] df]xdf km:g'eof] . kl/0ffd:j?k k|lta4 /fhgLlts ;d"x lj:tf/} lj:yflkt eO{ e'OFkm'§fx¿sf] j[Q :yflkt eof] . o;f] x'Fbf alnof] ;fË7lgs ks8 ePsf sf]O/fnf g} kf6L{ ;~rfng ug]{ JolQm x'g k'Ug'eof] .

o;/L sf]O/fnfsf] g]t[Tjdf cFuflnPsf] gjpbf/jfbL cfly{s gLltn] g]kfnL sfª\u|];n] @)!@ ;fnb]lv ;}4flGts dfGotfsf ¿kdf :yfkgf u/]sf] k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbsf] d'Vo cjwf/0ffnfO{ vl08t u¥of] . e"ldsf] c;dfg ljt/0f tyf ;DklQsf] Goflos ljt/0fsf] cefjåf/f ;[lhPsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ v'nf ahf/sf] s]Gb|Ls[t cjwf/0ff;Fu hf]8]/ gLltlgod th'{df ugf{n] k|hftflGqs k4lt nfu' ePkl5 cfd hg;d'bfon] vf]h] h:tf cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs clwsf/x¿ t'lxP . hflt, efiff, wd{, If]qsf] ;dfg'kflts / ;dfg ljsf;sf cjwf/0ff cj?4 h:t} eP . k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbdf pNn]v ul/P‰}F ;dfh, ;d'bfo, ;xsfo{ / ;fd"lxs efjgfnfO{ kG5fP/ lghL, lghfTds / JolQmut cjwf/0ffnfO{ k|>o lbOof] .

cfGbf]ngdf ;+o'Qm ¿kdf n8]sf] ;xofqL g]skf -Pdfn]_ eGbf e"tk"j{ k~rx¿sf] kf6L{ /fk|kf j}rfl/s /fhgLlts lx;fan] g]sfsf] glhssf] ldqzlQm x'g k'Uof] . To;dfly, sfª\u|];sf csf{ k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf nf]stflGqs cfr/0f / dfGotf ljk/Lt ;f+;bx¿sf] v/Lb laqmL ug{] sfo{df tD;g'n] j}rfl/s ljrngnfO{ k/fsfi7fdf k'¥ofof] . o;sf] k|:6 cy{ lyof] gjpbf/jfbLx¿ Ps} 7fpFdf x'gkg]{ cjwf/0ff, hxfF l;4fGtn] xf]Og Jojxf/ / Joj;foL /fhgLltn] dfq :yfg u|x0f ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf /xf];\ .

z]/axfb'/ b]pjf sfnsf lj;Ëltx¿sf] aLhf/f]k0f sfª\u|]; ;efklt sf]O/fnfs} g]t[Tjdf ePsf] dfGg'kb{5 / To;}n] cfhsf] /fli6«o cGof]nsf] 7"nf] lhDd]jf/L klg pxfFn] g} axg ug'{kb{5 . kb k|flKtsf nflu /fk|kf h:tf] blIf0fkGyL zlQm;Fu xft]dfnf] ug'{, kbsf] lg/Gt/tfsf nflu ;Í6sfn nufpg', kf6L{ ax'dtsf] ;+;b lj36g ug'{ / cGTodf bnLo k4ltnfO{ ltnf~hln lbP/ k|ltudgsf] …uf]6LÚ aGg nfnflot x'g' z]/axfb'/x¿sf] j}rfl/s :vngsf] xb};Ddsf] k/fsfi7f xf] . of] ;a} lat]sf !@ jif{df ckgfOPsf] pbf/ cy{/fhgLltsf sf/0f l;lh{t …Kofyf]nf]hLÚx¿ x'g\, h;nfO{ b]pjfn] klg lz/f]k/ ug'{eof] .

@)$* kl5 lg/Gt/ bnsf] /fhgLlts g]t[Tjdf /xg'ePsf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf tL ;f/f c;kmntfsf nflu k|d'v ¿kn] lhDd]jf/ x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] s] s] sf/0f / s:tf sdhf]/Ln] tL c;kmntfx¿ pl7/x]sf jf ltgn] 6fpsf] p7fO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ g]t[Tjsf] 6fpsf]df a;]/ klg s]nfpg ;Sg' ePg . cfGtl/s / afXo ;d:ofx¿nfO{ klxrfg ug{ g;Sbf pxfF ;/sf/x¿sf] u7g / lj36gsf], dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] k|efjsf] / cGTodf /fhfsf] pu| dxŒjfsf+Iff cg'?k PstGqLo tfgfzfxL Joj:yf nfb\g] rfxgf cg'?ksf sfo{x¿sf] d"sbz{s ;fIfL aGg k'Ug'eof] . o;/L ljZn]if0f ubf{ lul/hfk|;fbsf] ;efklt / k|wfgdGqLsf] x}l;otsf] sfo{sfnsf b'O6f lrgf] x'g k'u]– cljZjf; / c;kmntf . gofF /fi6«JofkL k|hftflGqs kl/kf6L a;fNg g;Sg', dfcf]jfbL ;d:of alN‰g' / cfh cfP/ nf]stGq g} b/af/sf] vflt/ vt/fdf kg'{df w]/}n] bf]if af]Sg'kg]{ xf]nf, t/ c¿sf] eGbf a9L bf]if cTolws ;do b]zsf] k|wfgdGqL tyf d'Vo kf6L{sf] ;efklt /xg'ePsf sf]O/fnfs} sfFwdf cfpFb5 .

g]t[Tj x:tfGt/0fsf] j}t/0fL
kf6L{ g]t[Tjsf] ;xh x:tfGt/0f x]g{ g]N;g d08]nfåf/f clk|msg g]zgn sfª\u|];sf] ;efkltTj yfaf]Da]sLnfO{ kf; u/]sf] pbfx/0f eGbf k/ hfg'kb}{g . lgZro g} sf]O/fnfnfO{ kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj Ifdtfjfg\ ;xof]uL of ;xof]uLx¿sf xftdf ;'Dkg dg xf]nf . t/ oltv]/ g]kfnL sfª\u|];leq x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof cK7\of/f]df k/]sf] 5 . To;sf tLg sf/0fx¿ 5g\ . klxnf], /fi6«n] ljifd kl/l:ylt ef]lu/x]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfnL sfª\u|];h:tf] lhDd]jf/ kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj ug{ cfpg] gofF k':tf slt ;Ifd 5 eGg] cljZjf;k"0f{ jftfj/0f . bf];|f], sf]O/fnf kl/jf/leqsf dflg;x¿sf] g]t[Tjdf]x . / t];|f], sf]O/fnfsf] km]/ ;dft]/ dfq /fhgLlts j}t/0fL kf/ ug{ rfxg] k/hLjL hdft .


ls/0f kf08]

/fhgLlts ljZn]ifs tyf a'l4hLjL ju{af6 w]/} ufnL kfO/xg] sf]O/fnfsf] o;a]nfsf] dfgl;s l:ylt a'´g ufx|f] 5 . x'g;S5, w]/}n] cg'dfg u/]h:t} pxfFnfO{ ;QflnK;fn] ubf{ g} km]l/ klg ;efklt aGg of kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf c¿ s;}dfkm{t\ lgs6 JolQmnfO{ Tof] kbdf /fVg dg nfu]sf] xf]nf . t/ csf]{lt/, dfcf]jfbLn] d'n's cl:y/ kfl//x]sf] / gf/fo0flx6Laf6 nf]stGqdfly vt/fsf] afbn d8fl/O/x]sf] a]nf s;sf] xftdf lhDdf 5f8f}F eGg] lrGtf nfu]sf] klg x'g;S5 .

@)$* ;fnkl5 sfª\u|];sf] bf];|f] k':tfsf g]tfsf ?kdf cf/P;P;\, cyf{t\ /fdrGb| kf}8]n, z}nhf cfrfo{ / z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] gfd lnOGYof] . z]/axfb'/sf] alxu{dgkl5 pgsf] 7fpFdf ;'zLn sf]O/fnf b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . /fdrGb|sf] 9'nd'n] rl/q, z}nhfsf] x7 / cl:y/ Jojxf/ tyf ;'zLnsf] nrstfxLg / ckf/bzL{ 5ljsf sf/0f sf]O/fnfnfO{ ;Ë7gsf] g]t[Tj ;'Dkg lgs} cK7\of/f] k/]sf] b]lvG5 . /fdrGb| kf}8]n clxn] sf]O/fnf;Fu ;efkltsf] nflu ofrgf ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ b/af/ xTofsf08af/] k|wfgdGqL / cGo dGqLx¿;Fu 5nkmn gu/L k|];nfO{ ;"rgf lbg] tyf xf]n]/L sf08df ;/sf/n] klxnf] k6s ;]gf kl/rfng u/]sf] / k|d'v k|ltkIf Pdfn]n] c;lxi0f'tfk"0f{ 9Ën] k|ltlglw;ef alxisf/ ul//x]sf] a]nf pk–k|wfgdGqL tyf u[xdGqL h:tf] lhDd]jf/ kbaf6 e"ld ;'wf/df s'/f ldn]g eGg] ck|f;lËs ljifo p7fO{ /flhgfdf ug]{ sfd u/]/ ;/sf/nfO{ cK7\of/f] kl/l:yltdf kfg]{ kf}8]nsf Jojxf/ ;D‰Fb} pgLdfly ljZjf; ul/xfNg sf]O/fnfnfO{ ufx|f] k/]sf] b]lvG5 . kf}8]n kf6L{ ljefhgsf] a]nfdf klg nfdf] ;do;Dd lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf;Fu /xg] jf z]/axfb'/;Fu hfg] eGg] w/d/df lyP . To;}n] pgsf w]/} z'e]R5's–;dy{s …k|hftflGqsÚ sfª\u|];df k'u] eg] pgL cfkm}F rflxF d"n3/lt/} a;] .

z}nhf cfrfo{ ;fx;L g]t[sf] ¿kdf lrlgPsL x'g\ . ljz]ifu/L lul/hf sf]O/fnfsf] klxnf] ;/sf/df dGqL /xFbf . t/ s]xL jif{kl5 e"ld;'wf/sf] s'/fdf pgn] ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf p7fPsf] d'cfAhf tyf hUuf xbaGbL ;DaGwL av]8f, k|ltudg lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] lj/f]w, pgsf] ljrf/ljxLg x7, kbk|flKtsf] cfu|x / s]xL ;dob]lvsf] lgliqmotfn] pgLdfly dfq} e/ ul/xfNg klg lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ cK7\of/f] ePsf] 5 . lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf ljZjf;kfq ;'zLn sf]O/fnfn] ljutdf lul/hfn] aLkLnfO{ ‰}F dxfdGqLsf] x}l;otn] kf6L{ xfFSg ;efkltnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ . t/ k|yd kfq x'gsf nflu OdfGbfl/tf dfq kof{Kt x'Fb}g, sl/idf, nrstf, l;4fGtk|ltsf] ;'‰a'‰ tyf c;n jSt[Tjsnf x'g' klg h?/L 5 . h'g u'0fx¿ ;'zLndf kof{Kt b]lvFb}g . pgsf] PSnf]kg, cfGtl/s / afXo 5nkmndf sd ;xeflutf tyf :jtGq cleJolQm ePsf] g]tfsf] ¿kdf cfkm"nfO{ :yflkt ug{ c;Ifd JolQmTj o;sf k|df0f x'g\ .

To;}n] oL tLg g]tfdWo] s'g}nfO{ …PsnÚ ¿kdf g]t[Tj ;'Dkg lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ ;lhnf] 5}g / pxfF k'gM 6«f]Osfsf] ;fd'lxs cjwf/0ff agfpg af/Daf/ cfu|x ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . h:t}, lj/f6gu/df oxL !) k';df /fdrGb|, z}nhf / ;'zLnnfO{ j}rfl/s, ;fË7lgs / Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf Ps eP/ k|:t't x'g cfXjfg ug'{eof] .

Psn g]t[Tj jf :jfefljs x:tfGt/0fdf afws g7flgP tfklg sf]O/fnf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ sfª\u|];sf] g]t[Tj rogdf pxfFnfO{ s]xL xb;Dd k|efljt kfg{ ;S5g\ . 5f]/L ;'hftf sf]O/fnf, elthfx¿ 8f= z]v/ -gf]gf sf]O/fnfsf 5f]/f_ / 8f= zzfÍ -aLkLsf 5f]/f_ sf] s'/f klg gp7]sf] xf]nf eGg ;lsFb}g . tTsfn cfˆgf] JolQmTj ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf gpl7;s]sf]n] Pscsf{k|lt cToGt cljZjf; x'Fbfx'Fb} klg gofF k':tfsf sf]O/fnfx¿n] jof]j[4 sf]O/fnfsf] t];|f] sfo{sfnsf] a'O{ r9]/ rf}yf] sfo{sfn;Dddf sfª\u|];df cfˆgf] jr{:j sfod ug{] rfxgf /fv]sf x'g;S5g\ . sfª\u|]; kf6L{df sd{7 / ;Ifd dWod txsf] g]t[Tj ePsf] v08df kl/jf/sf] s'g} JolQmsf] vfFrf] /xFb}g / oL tLgdWo] s;}nfO{ sfvL gRofKbf g} sf]O/fnfsf] 5lj / g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] ;Ë7g alnof] x'g]5 . km]l/ Pp6f k"0f{ k|hftflGqs bnsf] ¿kdf sfª\u|]; :yflkt eof] eg] kf6L{df ;'hftf, z]v/, zzfÍ jf c¿ hf] sf]xLn] klg cfˆg} a'tfdf dfly p7\g ;Sg] jftfj/0f kfpg] g} 5g\ .

csf{] hdft klg 5 g]kfnL sfª\u|];df, hf] cfˆgf] e|i6 rl/q / ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf uGxfPsf] 5ljnfO{ ;'wfg{ -jf w'g_ cfkm"nfO{ sf]O/fnfsf] 5xf/Lsf] cf]t c‰} h?/L ePsf] 7fGb5 . r'gfjsf a]nf sf]O/fnfn] g} …kfn]/Ú 7"nf] kf/]sf JolQmx¿sf] hdft xf] of], h;sf] ;}4flGts kIf sdhf]/ / …Jofjxfl/sÚ kIf ;an 5 . To;sf/0f of] hdft c¿ s;}sf] jf ;fd'lxs g]t[Tjsf] pbodf cfˆgf] eljio cGwsf/do x'g] b]v]/ sf]O/fnfsf] ljsNk ?rfpFb}g . s'g} ;do s]hLaL -v'daxfb'/ v8\sf, ljhos'df/ uR5bf/, uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL_ sf] gfdn] lrlgg] of] hdftn] sfª\u|];nfO{ r'gfjdf lhtfP klg k|lta4 sfo{stf{sf] 7"nf] hdftnfO{ kf6L{af6 6f9f k'¥ofOlbPsf] / kf6L{sf] 5lj wldnf] kfl/lbPsf] 5 . uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL h:tf JolQmx¿ kf6L{df sf]O/fnf kl/jf/sf] jr{:jd} dnhn u/]/ cfˆgf] :jfy{ l;4 ug{ rfxG5g\ . To;}n] hf]zL k|e[ltsfx¿ kf6L{ / hg;Ë7gnfO{ alnof] agfpg'eGbf sf]O/fnf / pgsf] kl/jf/sf] rfs8L ahfO/x]sf x'G5g\ .

g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] efjL lk9Lsf oL tLgyl/ kfqx¿ ljzfn j[If h:tf b]lvg] lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] 5xf/Ldf 6flS;Psf ;–;fgf af]G;fO h:tf nfU5g\, h;sf] cfsf/ / cfotg :jfefljs b]lvFb}g . o;f] eg]/ g]kfnL sfª\u|];leq /fd|f, c;n / j}rfl/s lx;fan] ;'‰a'‰ ePsf JolQmx¿sf] v8]/L g} k/]sf] xf] eGg vf]lhPsf] eg] xf]Og . lhNnf sfª\u|];sf ;efkltx¿, rqm af:tf]nf, eLdaxfb'/ tfdfª / g/xl/ cfrfo{h:tf s]xL s]Gb|Lo:t/sf g]tfx¿ tyf ltgsf aundf y'k|} c¿ JolQmTjx¿ 5g\, hf] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;+/rgfut 9Ën] ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Qm5g\ . t/ hgkl/rfngsf] /fhgLltdf logLx¿ klg Tolt v/f] pqg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . Pdfn] klg k|ltudgs} kfq ePsf] of] hf]lvdk"0f{ a]nfdf sf]O/fnfsf] cfhsf] r'gf}tL eg]sf] sfª\u|]; kf6L{leq ePsf] k|;:t phf{nfO{ cfˆgf sd{7 sfo{stf{x¿åf/f cufl8 Nofpg' xf] . o;n] b]zsf] t enf] u5{ g}, kf6L{sf] w/d/fPsf] hunfO{ klg km]l/ dha"t agfpF5 .

;ª\qmd0f / cjt/0f
clxn] g]kfnL /fHo g} 7"nf] ;ª\qmd0fsf] cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . zlQmx¿sf] ;d"n gfz, IfoLs/0f / pb\ej ;ª\qmd0fsf k|lqmof x'g\, hf] ;fk]lIft x'G5g\ . oltv]/ ljlgdf{0fsf] k|d'v tTj aGg k'u]sf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] hgo'4 c¿nfO{ lj36g ug{ tlD;/x]sf] 5 . /fHosf ljBdfg zlQmx¿n] /fhtGqsf] cf}lrTosf af/]df k|Zg p7fO/x]sf] a]nf /fhf x/]s xts08f;lxt cfkm"df ;Dk"0f{ /fhsLo zlQm :yflkt ug{ k|oTg ul//x]sf / cfˆgf] ;+:yfsf] ;d"n gi6 ug]{tkm{ cu|;/ eO/x]sf 5g\ . oL b'O{ zlQmx¿sf rfkdf k/]sf nf]stflGqs zlQmx¿ ;j{yf pmhf{ljxLg / lgliqmo b]lvG5g\ / ltgsf] tLj| ¿kdf IfoLs/0f eO/x]sf] 5 .

vf;u/L aGb ;dfhdf s'g} klg qmflGtsf] aLp ef]s, bl/b|tf, Jofks c;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs cGofodf /f]lkG5 . t/ g]kfnsf] xsdf /fhgLlts :jtGqtfsf] pkef]u eO/x]sf] avt g} o:tf] ljb|f]xsf] aLp /f]lkPsf] 5 . To;sf] k|d'v sf/0f ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;lbof}Fb]lv klGkPsf] /fhgLlts e]befj g} lyof], h'g cj:yfdf clt jfdkGyL /f]dfG;jfb / blIf0fkGyL k|ltudgdf k'¥ofpg] dxŒjfsf+Iff ;Fu;Fu} b]vf k/] . To;nfO{ dnhn k'¥ofof] pbf/ ahf/ cy{tGqsf] c;dfg ljt/0fn] . To;sf nflu k|of]u eP /fhgLlts sd, k|fljlws Hofbf JolQmTjx¿, h;nfO{ d'n'ssf] u|fdL0f kl/j]z, e"uf]n, ;+:s[lt, ;+:sf/ / ;fdflhs–cfly{s cj:yfsf] xf]Og, lstfaL 1fg dfq lyof] . pgLx¿ cfkm"n] hxfF, h] k9] jf n]v] To;nfO{ aGh/ e"lddf cg'jfb ug{ rfxGy] .

lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] o:t} JolQmx¿nfO{ b]zsf] cy{tGq xfFSg] lhDdf nufpg'eof] . ptf kf6L{leq klg sd{7 ;xof]uLnfO{ kG5fP/ …jf/n8{Ú x¿nfO{ 7fpF lbg'eof] . hfgL–ghfgL gofF g]t[Tj x'sf{pg' ePg . sf]O/fnfsf ;fd' clxn] b'O{ r'gf}tL 5g\– cfpFbf] dxflwj]zgdfkm{t\ gofF ;fd"lxs g]t[Tjdf kf6L{sf] zlQm x:tfGt/0f ug]{ / /fli6«o:t/df b/af/ / hËnsf] k|sf]kaf6 nf]stGqsf] /Iff ug]{ . ut tLg jif{sf] k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj klg c¿ sf]xLn] eGbf sf]O/fnfn] g} u/]sf] x'gfn] pxfFsf] nflu cfˆgf] /fhgLlts hLjgsf] pQ/f4{df cfP/ kf6L{ g]t[Tjsf] bnbndf eGbf /fli6«o ;jfnx¿df g]t[Tj lbg' plrt / ;dosf] dfu cg'?k x'g hfG5 .

of] ;ª\qmd0fsf a]nf :jfefljs ¿kdf g]t[Tj txdf a:g]x¿n] jf k'Ug ?rfpg]x¿n] cfˆgf] Ifdtf b]vfpg} kg]{ x'G5 . ;fË7lgs Ifdtf, k|zf;lgs Ifdtf / ;Ë7gdf ul/g] JolQmx¿sf] rogdf ckgfOg'kg]{ ljlw Gofof]lrt agfpg] snf ltgdf x'g}k5{ . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts ¿kdf b]vfk/]sf r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ ;fdgf ug]{ jf ;d"n kl/jt{gsf nflu eO/x]sf] ljb|f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ of] ;ª\qmd0fsf] cj:yfdf ;fd'lxs / ;Gt'lnt g]t[Tjsf] ljsf; cToGt cfjZos x'G5 . ljZjsf c¿ s]xL b]zdf eO/x]sf o:tf y'k|} cEof;x¿af6 l;Sg klg h?/L 5 . g]kfndf ljBdfg r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{ Pp6f bn dfq kof{Kt gePs}n] k'gM cGo zlQmx¿;Fu xft]dfnf] ul//xg' k/]sf] oyfy{ kl/l:yltdf bnleq klg ;f]xL dfGotf cg'?k ;fd'lxs g]t[Tj :yflkt ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .

jof]j[4 7flgg'ePsf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf hlt;'s} phf{zLn ePklg pxfFnfO{ ;os8f}F xftx¿sf] ;fy cfjZos x'G5 . oBlk, of] kª\ltsf/ o'jf / j[4sf] kl/efiffeGbf pmhf{zLn, Ifdtfjfg / gofF ljrf/ tyf gofF lk9LnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{;Sg] s'g} klg pd]/sf JolQmnfO{ of]Uo 7fGb5 . olb sf]O/fnf kbaf6 aflxl/g'eof] / h'g;'s} pd]/sf] gofF g]t[Tj :yflkt eof] eg] klg ;fd'lxs g]t[Tjdf ljZjf; / e/f];fsf] hu a;fpg} kg]{ x'G5 .

g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] P3f/f}F dxflwj]zgsf] k"j{;GWofdf gofF g]t[Tj rogdf b]lvPsf h] h:tf cK7\of/fx¿ 5g\ ltgnfO{ Tolts} yfFtL /fv]/ a:g ;Dej 5}g . of] a]nfdf g]t[Tj x:tfGt/0f jf g]t[Tjsf] gofF :j?k cTofjZos 5 . g]sf / k|hftflGqs sfª\u|];aLrsf] Pstf sf]O/fnfsf] 5xf/Ldf ;'ud 7flgPnf, t/ jt{dfg r'gf}tLnfO{ lrg{ / ;+/rgfnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ rflxg] phf{ PSnf] sf]O/fnfdf dfq x'g ;Dej 5}g . To:t}, ;Í6sfn nufpg], 5FbfvfFbfsf] ;+;b / :yfgLo lgsfox¿nfO{ lg:t]h kfg]{ sfd u/]/ /fhfsf] xftdf k|hftflGqs zf;g ;'Dkg] / wf/f !@& cGtu{t /fhfsf] PstGqL zf;gsf] uf]6L aGg] z]/axfb'/ b]pjf kf6L{ Pstfsf gfddf k'gM g]sf g]t[Tjdf k'Ug ;kmn eP eg] d'n'ssf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ‰g\ ;Dej x'g] 5}g .

t/ sf]O/fnfnfO{ kbljxLg cleefjs aGg cfu|x ul//x]sfx¿n] klg s] a'´g h?/L 5 eg] ;}4flGts ;'‰a'‰, sfo{qmd / ;lqmotfljgf sf]O/fnfsf] w/x/f JolQmTjnfO{ pl5Gg ;Dej x'Fb}g . c‰ sf]O/fnfsf c;kmntfnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] tyfslyt gofF k':tfsf] jsfntsf] klg s'g} cy{ 5}g . ljutdf sf]O/fnfn] agfpg'ePsf dGqLx¿df pxfFeGbf cfwf pd]/sf o'jf k':tfx¿ g} xfjL b]lvGy] . t/ j}rfl/s ;}4flGts ;'‰a'‰ / sfo{ bIftfsf] cefjdf ltgLx¿ ;a} lnnLk'6 ;fljt eP . o; cy{df gofF k':tf ;}4flGts, j}rfl/s, ;fË7lgs ;a} lx;fan] ;Dk"0f{ r'gf}tLnfO{ ;fdgf ug{ tof/ x'g' h?/L 5 . gq pgLx¿n] sf]O/fnfkl5 sf] eGg] dfq xf]Og cfˆgf] cl:tTj sxfF / stf 5 eg]/ vf]Hg] cj;/ klg u'dfpg] 5g\ . ;xh cjt/0f ;Dej x'g] 5}g .

To:t} lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] klg x/k|sf/sf k/hLjLx¿nfO{ kG5fpFb} cufl8 glg:sg] xf] eg] /fhgLlts ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg' x'g] 5}g . pxfFn] clxn] ;ª\qmd0fsf] l:yltdf kf6L{ g]t[TjnfO{ uf}0f dfGg'k5{ / kf6L{df a]Unfa]Un} u'0f ePsf JolQmTjx¿nfO{ ;fd'lxs g]t[Tjdf :yflkt u/L cfkm" ;du| /fi6«sf] g]t[Tj lbg tD;g'k5{ . of] sf]O/fnfsf nflu /fi6«sf] g]tf aGg] ;'j0f{ cj;/ klg xf] . olb pxfFn] 5ftL km/flsnf] kfg{ lxlRsrfpg'eof] eg] pxfFsf] kf6L{ / b]z dfq} xf]Og, c¿ y'k|} s'/f 3fOt] / ljsnfË x'g ;S5g\ .