/fhgLlt÷sfª\u|];
sf]O/fnfsf] 5xf/Ldf slt~h]n
<
jL/u~h dxflwj]zgdf g]kfnL sfª\u|];nfO{
…;fd"lxs g]t[TjÚ df ;'Dk]/ sf]O/fnfn] kf6L{leq
cfGtl/s nf]stGqsf] cEof; z'? ug{ 6]jf lbg'kb{5 / cfkm"
/fi6«nfO{ g]t[Tj lbg cu|;/ x'Fb} b/af/ tyf hËnsf] ;ª\qmd0fnfO{
/f]Sg] k|of;df h'6\g'kb{5 .
•
xl/ /f]sf
æg]kfnL sfª\u|]; sdhf]/ / lzlyn eof] eg]
b]z / hgtfsf] :jfledfg IftljIft x'g ;S5– km]l/ klg clwgfosjfbL
zf;gsf] qm"/ k|xf/n] b]z 3fOt] / ljsnfË x'g ;S5 .Æ
– lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfÙ
@* j}zfv, @)%#
g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf]
gjf}F dxflwj]zgdf sf]O/fnfn] af]Ng'ePsf] of] s'/f ^ jif{d} oyfy{df
kl/0ft eof] . To; cjlwdf sfª\u|]; sdhf]/ dfq ePg, ljeflht
klg eof], h;n] kf6L{sf sfo{stf{nfO{ lzlyn / sdhf]/ agfpg'sf ;fy}
/fhfnfO{ clwgfosjfbL zf;gJoj:yf leœofpg cg's"n jftfj/0f
l;h{gf ul/lbof] . oltv]/ sf]O/fnfn] cfzÍf ug'{eP ‰}F
/fi6« ;fFRr} g} 3fOt] / ljsnfË x'g k'u]sf] 5 . /,
o;df :jo+ sf]O/fnfsf] lhDd]jf/L slt 5, d"NofÍg ug'{
h?/L 5 .
/ljg ;fo\ld |
@)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngkl5 cGtl/d ;/sf/df k|wfgdGqL
aGg'ePsf g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf tTsfnLg sfo{jfxs ;efklt s[i0fk|;fb
e§/fO{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f / cfdlgjf{rg ;kmntfk"j{s
;DkGg ePsf] / To;kl5sf] /fli6«o /fhgLltdf g]kfnL sfª\u|];
xfjL ePsf] lyof] . kf6L{n] @))& ;fnsf] qmflGtb]lv @)$^
;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;ª\3if{df lgjf{x u/]sf] g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf
/ aLkL sf]O/fnf h:tf /fli6«o g]tfsf] s'zn /fhgLlts Pj+ j}rfl/s
g]t[Tj g} o;sf] k|d'v sf/s lyof] . !* c;f]h @)%( df /fhf 1fg]Gb|n]
/fHosf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sf/L clwsf/ cfˆgf] xftdf lnPsf] tLg
dlxgfkl5 k|ltsf/ ug{ z'? u/] klg …k|ltudgÚ lj?4 klxnf]
;fj{hlgs lj/f]w;ef g]kfnL sfª\u|];n] g} u/]sf] lyof] .
/, oltv]/;Dd cGo bnx¿nfO{ ;fy lnP/ g]kfnL sfª\u|]; g}
cgj/t ¿kdf Tof] ;ª\3if{df xf]ldPsf] 5 .
clxn] /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] …/rgfTdsÚ zf;g
;~rfng ug]{ rfxgf cg'?k …c;f]htGqÚ nfu' ePsf], gf}
jif{b]lv hf/L g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] …hgo'4Ú n] /fHonfO{
cToGt ;ª\s'rgtkm{ ws]ln/x]sf], xTof, lx+;f / ljWj+zn] ef}lts
Pj+ ;fdflhs ;+/rgfx¿sf] ljgf; ul//x]sf], ljb]zL s"6gLlts
lgof]u tyf /fi6«x¿sf] x:tIf]kd"ns rf;f] al9/x]sf],
/fli6«o /fhgLltdf …lj36gÚ sf] k|lqmof tLa| eO/x]sf]
tyf cfkm"af6} rf]Ol6P/ uPsf] k|hftflGqs sfª\u|]; / cfGbf]ngsf]
;xofqL g]skf -Pdfn]_ …k|ltudgÚ sf] uf]6L alg/x]sf cj:yfdf
cfufdL !(–@@ kmfu'g, @)^! df g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] dxflwj]zg
x'Fb}5 . dxflwj]zgn] of] ljs6 kl/l:ylt / o;af6 pTkGg ;d:ofx¿nfO{
s;/L ;Daf]wg u5{ < cfˆg} csd{0otf / ljefhgn] agfPsf]
/fli6«o /fhgLltsf] vf8nnfO{ k'g{ ;S5 jf ;Sb}g < jt{dfg
g]t[TjnfO{ g} lg/Gt/tf lbG5 jf gofF g]t[TjnfO{ zlQm x:tfGt/0f u5{ <
/fli6«o /fhgLltsf] dfu adf]lhd gofF ?kfGt/0fsf nflu km8\sf]
df5{ jf k'/fg} 9fFrf / sfo{z}nLnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbG5 < eGg]
k|Zgx¿ oltv]/ cfd rf;f]sf ljifo ag]sf 5g\ .
Oltxf;, JolQmTj / r'gf}tL
!% sflQs @))# ;fnb]lv cfh;Dd hf] hlt ;efklt eP klg g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf]
j}rfl/s g]t[Tj :juL{o jLkL sf]O/fnfn] g} ug'{eof] . @))# b]lv
@)!@ ;fn;Dd g]kfnL sfª\u|]; /fhgLlts bneGbf a9L cfGbf]ngsf]
¿kdf :yflkt eof] . @)!@ ;fnsf] jL/u~h dxflwj]zgkl5 o;n]
aLkLsf] cu'jfO{df …k"0f{ k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbÚ nfO{
cfˆgf] j}rfl/s l;4fGtsf ¿kdf u|x0f u¥of] . cfh;Dd
klg k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbnfO{ clVtof/ ul//x]sf] bfjL ul//x]sf] sfª\u|];sf]
j}rfl/s g]t[Tjdf aLkL ljrf/ g} sfod 5 .
aLkLsf] b]xfGtkl5, g]tf qo u0f]zdfg l;+x, s[i0fk|;fb
e§/fO{ / lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] …6«f]OsfÚ
n] kf6L{ ;~rfng u¥of] . kf6L{df e§/fO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd
sfo{jfxs ;efklt /x] klg, JolQmTjsf] lx;fan] u0f]zdfg / ;fË7lgs
ta/df lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf alnof] b]lvg'x'GYof] . @)$* ;fnsf]
cfd lgjf{rgdf s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{sf] k/fhokl5 lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf
g]kfnL sfª\u|];df cfˆgf] /fhgLlts / ;fË7lgs l:ylt
c‰ alnof] agfpg ;kmn x'g'eof] . @)%! ;fndf u0f]zdfg l;+xn]
ljb|f]x u/]kl5 / @)%( ;Dddf s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{ klg /fhgLlts
¿kdf k"0f{ ¿kn] lgl:qmo tyf kf6L{ ljefhg ePkl5
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] Ps5q g]tf x'g'eof] .
@)$* b]lv @)%* ;Dd lul/hfk|;fb g} kfFr–kfFr k6s b]zsf] k|wfgdGqL
aGg'eof] . @)%# j}zfvb]lv cfh;Dd g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] ;efklt
x'g'x'G5 . o; lx;fan] )$^ ;fnkl5sf] o'unfO{ g} …lul/hfk|;fb
sf]O/fnfsf] o'uÚ klg eGg ;lsG5 .
@# k';, @)^! df ;DkGg g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] s]Gb|Lo
sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sn] sf]O/fnfnfO{ t];|f] sfo{sfndf klg ;efklt x'g
9f]sf vf]lnlbPsf] 5 . g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] ljwfgsf] wf/f
$! -!&_ adf]lhd b'O{ sfo{sfn JotLt u/]sf] JolQm k'gM lhNnf jf
s]Gb|sf] ;efklt /xg gkfpg] Joj:yf eP klg kf]v/f dxflwj]zgdf ljwfg
;+zf]wg x'Fbfsf avt ;efklt kbdf al;/x]sfx¿sf xsdf pQm Joj:yf
cfslif{t x'G5 ls x'Fb}g eGg] ljifodf k|:6 kfl/Psf] lyPg . t/ kl5Nnf]
sfo{;ldltn] sf]O/fnfn] rfx]df km]l/ ;efklt kbdf p7\g ;Sg] JofVof
ul/lbPkl5 km/s dt /fVg] s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿ o; lg0f{onfO{ bnLo
cfr/0f / JolQmsf] g}lts w/ftn;Fu hf]8]/ x]g{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
oltv]/ kf6L{ k+lQmdf ljut gLlt / sfo{qmd, ltgsf] sfof{Gjog
/ kf6L{ g]t[Tjsf] Ifdtf eGbf lul/hfk|;fbsf] pd]/, kfl/jfl/s df]x
/ jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf ;ª\3if{sf nflu pxfFsf] ckl/xfo{tf ax;sf]
ljifo ag]sf 5g\ . rrf{ / ljjfb pxfFsf] …w/x/f JolQmTjÚ
sf sf/0f pAh]sf x'g\, h'g JolQmTj pxfFsf] kfl/jfl/s k[i7e"ld,
laxfg $ ah]b]lv a]n'sf * ah];Ddsf] v6fO, b]zsf s'gfsfKrf;Ddsf] ;/f]sf/
/ ;"rgf /fVg] afgL, @))$ ;fnb]lv clxn];Dd ;Dks{df cfPsf JolQm,
:yfg, 36gf / k|j[lQnfO{ ;lD‰g] :d/0fzlQm, JolQmut ;Dks{, c8fg
tyf pxfFdf lglxt c;Lldt phf{n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] xf] eGg] pxfFsf ;xof]uLx¿sf]
/fo 5 . *@ jif{sf] pd]/df klg sf]O/fnfdf b]lvPsf] hfFu/ / ;lqmotf
tyf c;f]htGqkl5 pxfFn] b]vfpg'ePsf] ;fx;nfO{ lnP/ lul/hfk|;fbsf]
ljsNk gb]Vg' lgxft cgf}7f] nfUb}g . t/ ljBdfg kl/l:yltdf b]vfk/]sf
cfGtl/s / afXo r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{ pxfFsf] Psn g]t[Tj
slt ;Ifd xf]nf < eGg] k|Zgx¿ k|z:t 5g\ .
cljZjf; / c;kmntfsf !@ jif{
hgcfGbf]ngsf] nuQ} To;sf ;xofqL–;xefuLx¿nfO{ ljZjf;
gug'{ tyf cfˆgf] ljrf/ / /fhgLltdf ljkIfnfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg
g;Sg' g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] sdhf]/L lyof] .
;Ë7gleqsf] j}rfl/s :vngnfO{ dfkg ug{ g;Sg' / nf]stflGqsk4lt
cg'?k bnleq cfGtl/s k|hftGqnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ g;Sg' csf]{ sdhf]/ kIf
xf] / c‰} ljBdfg 5 .
@)$* ;fnsf] cfdlgjf{rgkl5 ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ug'{ ePsf
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf aLkLn] g]t[Tj x:tfGt/0f ug'{ePsf 6«f]OsfdWo]
;a}eGbf slgi7 x'g'x'GYof] / slgi7tfaf6 pAh]sf] pxfFsf] g]t[Tj
;b}j ljjflbt /Xof] . ;f] ljjfb @)%! ;fnsf] dWofjlw r'gfj, To;sf]
k[i7e"lddf /x]sf] sfª\u|];sf] ljeflht dgl:ylt, 3ftk|lt3ft,
å]if cflbsf] kl/k|]Iodf c‰ ‰flËof] /
o;} kl/j]zdf pxfFn] kf6L{sf] ;efklt kb ;DxfNg'eof] . g]kfnL
sfª\u|];, bnLo k4lteGbf u'6aGbLaf6 u|l;t x'gk'Ug'df g]t[Tj
kª\lQmsf] sdhf]/Lnufot aflx/L sf/0fx¿ klg lhDd]jf/ 5g\ .
sfª\u|];n] af6f] la/fpg'df cGt/f{li6«o ljQLo ;+:yfsf
gLlt / ltgaf6 l;lh{t cy{/fhgLltsf] klg dxŒjk"0f{ xft 5 .
cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]if -cfO{PdPkm_ tyf ljZj AofÍ h:tf
;+:yfx¿n] oxL ;dofjlwdf cfˆgf] ;+/rgfut ;dfof]hg sfo{qmd
-:6«Sr/n P8h:6d]G6 k|f]u|fd_, OgxfG; :6«Sr/n P8h:6d]G6
ˆofl;ln6L k|f]ufd -O;fk_ nfu' ug{{ g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf]
;/sf/nfO{ afWo t'NofP . !(() sf] bzssf] k|f/Dedf ;f]leot ;+3
/ k"jL{ o'/f]kdf ;dfhjfbsf] lj36gnfO{ cfly{s pbf/jfbsf] ljhosf]
¿kdf u|x0f u/]sf oL ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] ax';ª\Vos
hgtfsf] rfxgf / cfjZostfdfly kof{Kt u[xsfo{ gul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf ahf/
cy{tGqåf/f g} ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfg cj;/ lbnfpg tyf /fhgLlts–cy{tGqsf
;Dk"0f{ ju{, tx / tKsfnfO{ ;dflxt u/fpg ;lsG5 eGg] dfGg afWo
t'NofP . oltdfq xf]OgÙ pbf/Ls/0f, lghLs/0f / e"d08nLs/0fsf
gLltnfO{ nfu' ug{ lg0ff{os 7fpFx¿df cfˆgf ljZjf;kfq
JolQmnfO{ lgo'Qm ug{ cx|fP .
g]kfndf klg To:t} x'guof] / lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf ltg}
cGt/f{li6«o zlQmsf] k|efj cGtu{t b]zsf] cy{/fhgLltnfO{ xfFSg]
JolQmx¿ rog ug{ k'Ug'eof] . of]hgf cfof]udf /fdz/0f
dxt geO{ gx'g] / cy{ dGqfnodf dx]z cfrfo{ h:tf gjpbf/jfbsf k|jQmfx¿sf]
rog ug'{kg]{ afWofTds l:ylt cfpg'df cGt/f{li6«o bft[;d'bfo
/ Jofkf/af6 kf]lift ju{sf] xft lyof] . o;/L kf6L{sf] k'/fgf]
…;f];n 8]df]qm]l6s Ph]08fÚ nfO{ ltnf~hln lbg] qmddf
af;' l/;fn tyf huGgfy cfrfo{ h:tf JolQmTjx¿ kG5fOP / g]t[Tjkª\lQmdf
sf]O/fnf dfq PSnf] ;zQm k'?if aGb} hfg'eof] .
kf6L{df lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf ;fgf] /fhgLlts j[Qdf
km:b} hfg'ePsf] lyof] eg] s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{ klg of] k|j[lQaf6
d'Qm x'g'x'GgYof] . ptf hgcfGbf]ngsf] …;'lk|d sdf08/Ú
/x]sf / k|wfgdGqLsf] kb c:jLsf/ u/]sf u0f]zdfg l;+x ;d]t ;fgf] kfl/jfl/s
j[Qsf] df]xdf km:g'eof] . kl/0ffd:j?k k|lta4 /fhgLlts ;d"x
lj:tf/} lj:yflkt eO{ e'OFkm'§fx¿sf] j[Q :yflkt eof] .
o;f] x'Fbf alnof] ;fË7lgs ks8 ePsf sf]O/fnf g} kf6L{ ;~rfng
ug]{ JolQm x'g k'Ug'eof] .
o;/L sf]O/fnfsf] g]t[Tjdf cFuflnPsf] gjpbf/jfbL cfly{s
gLltn] g]kfnL sfª\u|];n] @)!@ ;fnb]lv ;}4flGts dfGotfsf ¿kdf
:yfkgf u/]sf] k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbsf] d'Vo cjwf/0ffnfO{ vl08t u¥of] .
e"ldsf] c;dfg ljt/0f tyf ;DklQsf] Goflos ljt/0fsf] cefjåf/f
;[lhPsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ v'nf ahf/sf] s]Gb|Ls[t cjwf/0ff;Fu hf]8]/
gLltlgod th'{df ugf{n] k|hftflGqs k4lt nfu' ePkl5 cfd hg;d'bfon]
vf]h] h:tf cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs clwsf/x¿ t'lxP . hflt,
efiff, wd{, If]qsf] ;dfg'kflts / ;dfg ljsf;sf cjwf/0ff cj?4 h:t}
eP . k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbdf pNn]v ul/P‰}F ;dfh, ;d'bfo,
;xsfo{ / ;fd"lxs efjgfnfO{ kG5fP/ lghL, lghfTds / JolQmut cjwf/0ffnfO{
k|>o lbOof] .
cfGbf]ngdf ;+o'Qm ¿kdf n8]sf] ;xofqL g]skf
-Pdfn]_ eGbf e"tk"j{ k~rx¿sf] kf6L{ /fk|kf j}rfl/s
/fhgLlts lx;fan] g]sfsf] glhssf] ldqzlQm x'g k'Uof] . To;dfly,
sfª\u|];sf csf{ k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf nf]stflGqs cfr/0f
/ dfGotf ljk/Lt ;f+;bx¿sf] v/Lb laqmL ug{] sfo{df tD;g'n]
j}rfl/s ljrngnfO{ k/fsfi7fdf k'¥ofof] . o;sf] k|:6 cy{
lyof] gjpbf/jfbLx¿ Ps} 7fpFdf x'gkg]{ cjwf/0ff, hxfF l;4fGtn]
xf]Og Jojxf/ / Joj;foL /fhgLltn] dfq :yfg u|x0f ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf /xf];\ .
z]/axfb'/ b]pjf sfnsf lj;Ëltx¿sf] aLhf/f]k0f
sfª\u|]; ;efklt sf]O/fnfs} g]t[Tjdf ePsf] dfGg'kb{5 / To;}n]
cfhsf] /fli6«o cGof]nsf] 7"nf] lhDd]jf/L klg pxfFn] g}
axg ug'{kb{5 . kb k|flKtsf nflu /fk|kf h:tf] blIf0fkGyL zlQm;Fu
xft]dfnf] ug'{, kbsf] lg/Gt/tfsf nflu ;Í6sfn nufpg', kf6L{
ax'dtsf] ;+;b lj36g ug'{ / cGTodf bnLo k4ltnfO{ ltnf~hln lbP/ k|ltudgsf]
…uf]6LÚ aGg nfnflot x'g' z]/axfb'/x¿sf] j}rfl/s
:vngsf] xb};Ddsf] k/fsfi7f xf] . of] ;a} lat]sf !@ jif{df ckgfOPsf]
pbf/ cy{/fhgLltsf sf/0f l;lh{t …Kofyf]nf]hLÚx¿
x'g\, h;nfO{ b]pjfn] klg lz/f]k/ ug'{eof] .
@)$* kl5 lg/Gt/ bnsf] /fhgLlts g]t[Tjdf /xg'ePsf
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf tL ;f/f c;kmntfsf nflu k|d'v ¿kn] lhDd]jf/
x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] s] s] sf/0f / s:tf sdhf]/Ln] tL c;kmntfx¿
pl7/x]sf jf ltgn] 6fpsf] p7fO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ g]t[Tjsf] 6fpsf]df
a;]/ klg s]nfpg ;Sg' ePg . cfGtl/s / afXo ;d:ofx¿nfO{
klxrfg ug{ g;Sbf pxfF ;/sf/x¿sf] u7g / lj36gsf], dfcf]jfbL
hgo'4sf] k|efjsf] / cGTodf /fhfsf] pu| dxŒjfsf+Iff cg'?k PstGqLo
tfgfzfxL Joj:yf nfb\g] rfxgf cg'?ksf sfo{x¿sf] d"sbz{s
;fIfL aGg k'Ug'eof] . o;/L ljZn]if0f ubf{ lul/hfk|;fbsf] ;efklt
/ k|wfgdGqLsf] x}l;otsf] sfo{sfnsf b'O6f lrgf] x'g k'u]– cljZjf;
/ c;kmntf . gofF /fi6«JofkL k|hftflGqs kl/kf6L a;fNg
g;Sg', dfcf]jfbL ;d:of alN‰g' / cfh cfP/ nf]stGq g} b/af/sf]
vflt/ vt/fdf kg'{df w]/}n] bf]if af]Sg'kg]{ xf]nf, t/ c¿sf]
eGbf a9L bf]if cTolws ;do b]zsf] k|wfgdGqL tyf d'Vo kf6L{sf] ;efklt
/xg'ePsf sf]O/fnfs} sfFwdf cfpFb5 .
g]t[Tj x:tfGt/0fsf] j}t/0fL
kf6L{ g]t[Tjsf] ;xh x:tfGt/0f x]g{ g]N;g d08]nfåf/f clk|msg
g]zgn sfª\u|];sf] ;efkltTj yfaf]Da]sLnfO{ kf; u/]sf] pbfx/0f
eGbf k/ hfg'kb}{g . lgZro g} sf]O/fnfnfO{ kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj Ifdtfjfg\
;xof]uL of ;xof]uLx¿sf xftdf ;'Dkg dg xf]nf . t/ oltv]/
g]kfnL sfª\u|];leq x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof cK7\of/f]df k/]sf] 5 .
To;sf tLg sf/0fx¿ 5g\ . klxnf], /fi6«n] ljifd
kl/l:ylt ef]lu/x]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfnL sfª\u|];h:tf] lhDd]jf/
kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj ug{ cfpg] gofF k':tf slt ;Ifd 5 eGg] cljZjf;k"0f{
jftfj/0f . bf];|f], sf]O/fnf kl/jf/leqsf dflg;x¿sf]
g]t[Tjdf]x . / t];|f], sf]O/fnfsf] km]/ ;dft]/ dfq /fhgLlts
j}t/0fL kf/ ug{ rfxg] k/hLjL hdft .
ls/0f kf08] |
/fhgLlts ljZn]ifs tyf a'l4hLjL ju{af6 w]/} ufnL kfO/xg]
sf]O/fnfsf] o;a]nfsf] dfgl;s l:ylt a'´g ufx|f] 5 . x'g;S5,
w]/}n] cg'dfg u/]h:t} pxfFnfO{ ;QflnK;fn] ubf{ g} km]l/ klg ;efklt
aGg of kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf c¿ s;}dfkm{t\ lgs6 JolQmnfO{ Tof]
kbdf /fVg dg nfu]sf] xf]nf . t/ csf]{lt/, dfcf]jfbLn] d'n's
cl:y/ kfl//x]sf] / gf/fo0flx6Laf6 nf]stGqdfly vt/fsf] afbn d8fl/O/x]sf]
a]nf s;sf] xftdf lhDdf 5f8f}F eGg] lrGtf nfu]sf] klg x'g;S5 .
@)$* ;fnkl5 sfª\u|];sf] bf];|f] k':tfsf g]tfsf
?kdf cf/P;P;\, cyf{t\ /fdrGb| kf}8]n, z}nhf cfrfo{ / z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf]
gfd lnOGYof] . z]/axfb'/sf] alxu{dgkl5 pgsf] 7fpFdf ;'zLn sf]O/fnf
b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . /fdrGb|sf] 9'nd'n] rl/q, z}nhfsf] x7 / cl:y/
Jojxf/ tyf ;'zLnsf] nrstfxLg / ckf/bzL{ 5ljsf sf/0f sf]O/fnfnfO{
;Ë7gsf] g]t[Tj ;'Dkg lgs} cK7\of/f] k/]sf] b]lvG5 . /fdrGb|
kf}8]n clxn] sf]O/fnf;Fu ;efkltsf] nflu ofrgf ul//x]sf 5g\ .
t/ b/af/ xTofsf08af/] k|wfgdGqL / cGo dGqLx¿;Fu 5nkmn gu/L
k|];nfO{ ;"rgf lbg] tyf xf]n]/L sf08df ;/sf/n] klxnf] k6s ;]gf
kl/rfng u/]sf] / k|d'v k|ltkIf Pdfn]n] c;lxi0f'tfk"0f{ 9Ën]
k|ltlglw;ef alxisf/ ul//x]sf] a]nf pk–k|wfgdGqL tyf u[xdGqL
h:tf] lhDd]jf/ kbaf6 e"ld ;'wf/df s'/f ldn]g eGg] ck|f;lËs
ljifo p7fO{ /flhgfdf ug]{ sfd u/]/ ;/sf/nfO{ cK7\of/f] kl/l:yltdf
kfg]{ kf}8]nsf Jojxf/ ;D‰Fb} pgLdfly ljZjf; ul/xfNg sf]O/fnfnfO{
ufx|f] k/]sf] b]lvG5 . kf}8]n kf6L{ ljefhgsf] a]nfdf klg nfdf]
;do;Dd lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf;Fu /xg] jf z]/axfb'/;Fu hfg] eGg] w/d/df
lyP . To;}n] pgsf w]/} z'e]R5's–;dy{s …k|hftflGqsÚ
sfª\u|];df k'u] eg] pgL cfkm}F rflxF d"n3/lt/} a;] .
z}nhf cfrfo{ ;fx;L g]t[sf] ¿kdf lrlgPsL x'g\ .
ljz]ifu/L lul/hf sf]O/fnfsf] klxnf] ;/sf/df dGqL /xFbf . t/
s]xL jif{kl5 e"ld;'wf/sf] s'/fdf pgn] ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf
p7fPsf] d'cfAhf tyf hUuf xbaGbL ;DaGwL av]8f, k|ltudg lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf]
lj/f]w, pgsf] ljrf/ljxLg x7, kbk|flKtsf] cfu|x / s]xL ;dob]lvsf]
lgliqmotfn] pgLdfly dfq} e/ ul/xfNg klg lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{
cK7\of/f] ePsf] 5 . lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf ljZjf;kfq ;'zLn sf]O/fnfn]
ljutdf lul/hfn] aLkLnfO{ ‰}F dxfdGqLsf] x}l;otn] kf6L{ xfFSg
;efkltnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ . t/ k|yd kfq x'gsf nflu
OdfGbfl/tf dfq kof{Kt x'Fb}g, sl/idf, nrstf, l;4fGtk|ltsf] ;'‰a'‰
tyf c;n jSt[Tjsnf x'g' klg h?/L 5 . h'g u'0fx¿ ;'zLndf
kof{Kt b]lvFb}g . pgsf] PSnf]kg, cfGtl/s / afXo 5nkmndf sd
;xeflutf tyf :jtGq cleJolQm ePsf] g]tfsf] ¿kdf cfkm"nfO{
:yflkt ug{ c;Ifd JolQmTj o;sf k|df0f x'g\ .
To;}n] oL tLg g]tfdWo] s'g}nfO{ …PsnÚ
¿kdf g]t[Tj ;'Dkg lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ ;lhnf] 5}g / pxfF
k'gM 6«f]Osfsf] ;fd'lxs cjwf/0ff agfpg af/Daf/ cfu|x ul//xg'ePsf]
5 . h:t}, lj/f6gu/df oxL !) k';df /fdrGb|, z}nhf / ;'zLnnfO{
j}rfl/s, ;fË7lgs / Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf Ps eP/ k|:t't x'g
cfXjfg ug'{eof] .
Psn g]t[Tj jf :jfefljs x:tfGt/0fdf afws g7flgP tfklg
sf]O/fnf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ sfª\u|];sf] g]t[Tj rogdf pxfFnfO{
s]xL xb;Dd k|efljt kfg{ ;S5g\ . 5f]/L ;'hftf sf]O/fnf, elthfx¿
8f= z]v/ -gf]gf sf]O/fnfsf 5f]/f_ / 8f= zzfÍ -aLkLsf 5f]/f_
sf] s'/f klg gp7]sf] xf]nf eGg ;lsFb}g . tTsfn cfˆgf]
JolQmTj ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf gpl7;s]sf]n] Pscsf{k|lt cToGt cljZjf;
x'Fbfx'Fb} klg gofF k':tfsf sf]O/fnfx¿n] jof]j[4 sf]O/fnfsf]
t];|f] sfo{sfnsf] a'O{ r9]/ rf}yf] sfo{sfn;Dddf sfª\u|];df
cfˆgf] jr{:j sfod ug{] rfxgf /fv]sf x'g;S5g\ . sfª\u|];
kf6L{df sd{7 / ;Ifd dWod txsf] g]t[Tj ePsf] v08df kl/jf/sf] s'g}
JolQmsf] vfFrf] /xFb}g / oL tLgdWo] s;}nfO{ sfvL gRofKbf g} sf]O/fnfsf]
5lj / g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] ;Ë7g alnof] x'g]5 . km]l/
Pp6f k"0f{ k|hftflGqs bnsf] ¿kdf sfª\u|]; :yflkt
eof] eg] kf6L{df ;'hftf, z]v/, zzfÍ jf c¿ hf] sf]xLn]
klg cfˆg} a'tfdf dfly p7\g ;Sg] jftfj/0f kfpg] g} 5g\ .
csf{] hdft klg 5 g]kfnL sfª\u|];df, hf] cfˆgf]
e|i6 rl/q / ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf uGxfPsf] 5ljnfO{ ;'wfg{ -jf w'g_
cfkm"nfO{ sf]O/fnfsf] 5xf/Lsf] cf]t c‰} h?/L ePsf] 7fGb5 .
r'gfjsf a]nf sf]O/fnfn] g} …kfn]/Ú 7"nf] kf/]sf
JolQmx¿sf] hdft xf] of], h;sf] ;}4flGts kIf sdhf]/ / …Jofjxfl/sÚ
kIf ;an 5 . To;sf/0f of] hdft c¿ s;}sf] jf ;fd'lxs g]t[Tjsf]
pbodf cfˆgf] eljio cGwsf/do x'g] b]v]/ sf]O/fnfsf] ljsNk ?rfpFb}g .
s'g} ;do s]hLaL -v'daxfb'/ v8\sf, ljhos'df/ uR5bf/, uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL_
sf] gfdn] lrlgg] of] hdftn] sfª\u|];nfO{ r'gfjdf lhtfP klg
k|lta4 sfo{stf{sf] 7"nf] hdftnfO{ kf6L{af6 6f9f k'¥ofOlbPsf]
/ kf6L{sf] 5lj wldnf] kfl/lbPsf] 5 . uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL h:tf
JolQmx¿ kf6L{df sf]O/fnf kl/jf/sf] jr{:jd} dnhn u/]/ cfˆgf]
:jfy{ l;4 ug{ rfxG5g\ . To;}n] hf]zL k|e[ltsfx¿ kf6L{
/ hg;Ë7gnfO{ alnof] agfpg'eGbf sf]O/fnf / pgsf] kl/jf/sf] rfs8L
ahfO/x]sf x'G5g\ .
g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] efjL lk9Lsf oL tLgyl/ kfqx¿
ljzfn j[If h:tf b]lvg] lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] 5xf/Ldf 6flS;Psf
;–;fgf af]G;fO h:tf nfU5g\, h;sf] cfsf/ / cfotg :jfefljs b]lvFb}g .
o;f] eg]/ g]kfnL sfª\u|];leq /fd|f, c;n / j}rfl/s lx;fan] ;'‰a'‰
ePsf JolQmx¿sf] v8]/L g} k/]sf] xf] eGg vf]lhPsf] eg] xf]Og .
lhNnf sfª\u|];sf ;efkltx¿, rqm af:tf]nf, eLdaxfb'/ tfdfª
/ g/xl/ cfrfo{h:tf s]xL s]Gb|Lo:t/sf g]tfx¿ tyf ltgsf aundf
y'k|} c¿ JolQmTjx¿ 5g\, hf] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs
/ ;+/rgfut 9Ën] ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Qm5g\ . t/ hgkl/rfngsf]
/fhgLltdf logLx¿ klg Tolt v/f] pqg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . Pdfn]
klg k|ltudgs} kfq ePsf] of] hf]lvdk"0f{ a]nfdf sf]O/fnfsf]
cfhsf] r'gf}tL eg]sf] sfª\u|]; kf6L{leq ePsf] k|;:t phf{nfO{
cfˆgf sd{7 sfo{stf{x¿åf/f cufl8 Nofpg' xf] .
o;n] b]zsf] t enf] u5{ g}, kf6L{sf] w/d/fPsf] hunfO{ klg km]l/ dha"t
agfpF5 .
;ª\qmd0f / cjt/0f
clxn] g]kfnL /fHo g} 7"nf] ;ª\qmd0fsf] cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf]
5 . zlQmx¿sf] ;d"n gfz, IfoLs/0f / pb\ej ;ª\qmd0fsf
k|lqmof x'g\, hf] ;fk]lIft x'G5g\ . oltv]/ ljlgdf{0fsf] k|d'v
tTj aGg k'u]sf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] hgo'4 c¿nfO{ lj36g
ug{ tlD;/x]sf] 5 . /fHosf ljBdfg zlQmx¿n] /fhtGqsf]
cf}lrTosf af/]df k|Zg p7fO/x]sf] a]nf /fhf x/]s xts08f;lxt cfkm"df
;Dk"0f{ /fhsLo zlQm :yflkt ug{ k|oTg ul//x]sf / cfˆgf]
;+:yfsf] ;d"n gi6 ug]{tkm{ cu|;/ eO/x]sf 5g\ . oL b'O{
zlQmx¿sf rfkdf k/]sf nf]stflGqs zlQmx¿ ;j{yf pmhf{ljxLg
/ lgliqmo b]lvG5g\ / ltgsf] tLj| ¿kdf IfoLs/0f eO/x]sf] 5 .
vf;u/L aGb ;dfhdf s'g} klg qmflGtsf] aLp ef]s, bl/b|tf,
Jofks c;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs cGofodf /f]lkG5 . t/ g]kfnsf] xsdf
/fhgLlts :jtGqtfsf] pkef]u eO/x]sf] avt g} o:tf] ljb|f]xsf] aLp
/f]lkPsf] 5 . To;sf] k|d'v sf/0f ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;lbof}Fb]lv
klGkPsf] /fhgLlts e]befj g} lyof], h'g cj:yfdf clt jfdkGyL /f]dfG;jfb
/ blIf0fkGyL k|ltudgdf k'¥ofpg] dxŒjfsf+Iff ;Fu;Fu} b]vf
k/] . To;nfO{ dnhn k'¥ofof] pbf/ ahf/ cy{tGqsf] c;dfg ljt/0fn] .
To;sf nflu k|of]u eP /fhgLlts sd, k|fljlws Hofbf JolQmTjx¿,
h;nfO{ d'n'ssf] u|fdL0f kl/j]z, e"uf]n, ;+:s[lt, ;+:sf/ / ;fdflhs–cfly{s
cj:yfsf] xf]Og, lstfaL 1fg dfq lyof] . pgLx¿ cfkm"n]
hxfF, h] k9] jf n]v] To;nfO{ aGh/ e"lddf cg'jfb ug{ rfxGy] .
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] o:t} JolQmx¿nfO{ b]zsf]
cy{tGq xfFSg] lhDdf nufpg'eof] . ptf kf6L{leq klg sd{7 ;xof]uLnfO{
kG5fP/ …jf/n8{Ú x¿nfO{ 7fpF lbg'eof] .
hfgL–ghfgL gofF g]t[Tj x'sf{pg' ePg . sf]O/fnfsf ;fd'
clxn] b'O{ r'gf}tL 5g\– cfpFbf] dxflwj]zgdfkm{t\ gofF ;fd"lxs
g]t[Tjdf kf6L{sf] zlQm x:tfGt/0f ug]{ / /fli6«o:t/df b/af/
/ hËnsf] k|sf]kaf6 nf]stGqsf] /Iff ug]{ . ut tLg jif{sf]
k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj klg c¿ sf]xLn] eGbf sf]O/fnfn]
g} u/]sf] x'gfn] pxfFsf] nflu cfˆgf] /fhgLlts hLjgsf] pQ/f4{df
cfP/ kf6L{ g]t[Tjsf] bnbndf eGbf /fli6«o ;jfnx¿df g]t[Tj
lbg' plrt / ;dosf] dfu cg'?k x'g hfG5 .
of] ;ª\qmd0fsf a]nf :jfefljs ¿kdf g]t[Tj
txdf a:g]x¿n] jf k'Ug ?rfpg]x¿n] cfˆgf] Ifdtf
b]vfpg} kg]{ x'G5 . ;fË7lgs Ifdtf, k|zf;lgs Ifdtf / ;Ë7gdf
ul/g] JolQmx¿sf] rogdf ckgfOg'kg]{ ljlw Gofof]lrt agfpg]
snf ltgdf x'g}k5{ . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts ¿kdf
b]vfk/]sf r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ ;fdgf ug]{ jf ;d"n kl/jt{gsf
nflu eO/x]sf] ljb|f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ of] ;ª\qmd0fsf] cj:yfdf
;fd'lxs / ;Gt'lnt g]t[Tjsf] ljsf; cToGt cfjZos x'G5 . ljZjsf
c¿ s]xL b]zdf eO/x]sf o:tf y'k|} cEof;x¿af6 l;Sg klg
h?/L 5 . g]kfndf ljBdfg r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{ Pp6f bn dfq kof{Kt
gePs}n] k'gM cGo zlQmx¿;Fu xft]dfnf] ul//xg' k/]sf] oyfy{
kl/l:yltdf bnleq klg ;f]xL dfGotf cg'?k ;fd'lxs g]t[Tj :yflkt ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 .
jof]j[4 7flgg'ePsf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf hlt;'s} phf{zLn
ePklg pxfFnfO{ ;os8f}F xftx¿sf] ;fy cfjZos x'G5 . oBlk,
of] kª\ltsf/ o'jf / j[4sf] kl/efiffeGbf pmhf{zLn, Ifdtfjfg
/ gofF ljrf/ tyf gofF lk9LnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{;Sg] s'g} klg pd]/sf JolQmnfO{
of]Uo 7fGb5 . olb sf]O/fnf kbaf6 aflxl/g'eof] / h'g;'s} pd]/sf]
gofF g]t[Tj :yflkt eof] eg] klg ;fd'lxs g]t[Tjdf ljZjf; / e/f];fsf]
hu a;fpg} kg]{ x'G5 .
g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] P3f/f}F dxflwj]zgsf] k"j{;GWofdf
gofF g]t[Tj rogdf b]lvPsf h] h:tf cK7\of/fx¿ 5g\ ltgnfO{
Tolts} yfFtL /fv]/ a:g ;Dej 5}g . of] a]nfdf g]t[Tj x:tfGt/0f
jf g]t[Tjsf] gofF :j?k cTofjZos 5 . g]sf / k|hftflGqs sfª\u|];aLrsf]
Pstf sf]O/fnfsf] 5xf/Ldf ;'ud 7flgPnf, t/ jt{dfg r'gf}tLnfO{ lrg{
/ ;+/rgfnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ rflxg] phf{ PSnf] sf]O/fnfdf dfq x'g ;Dej
5}g . To:t}, ;Í6sfn nufpg], 5FbfvfFbfsf] ;+;b / :yfgLo
lgsfox¿nfO{ lg:t]h kfg]{ sfd u/]/ /fhfsf] xftdf k|hftflGqs
zf;g ;'Dkg] / wf/f !@& cGtu{t /fhfsf] PstGqL zf;gsf] uf]6L aGg]
z]/axfb'/ b]pjf kf6L{ Pstfsf gfddf k'gM g]sf g]t[Tjdf k'Ug ;kmn
eP eg] d'n'ssf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ‰g\ ;Dej x'g] 5}g .
t/ sf]O/fnfnfO{ kbljxLg cleefjs aGg cfu|x ul//x]sfx¿n]
klg s] a'´g h?/L 5 eg] ;}4flGts ;'‰a'‰, sfo{qmd
/ ;lqmotfljgf sf]O/fnfsf] w/x/f JolQmTjnfO{ pl5Gg ;Dej x'Fb}g .
c‰ sf]O/fnfsf c;kmntfnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] tyfslyt gofF k':tfsf]
jsfntsf] klg s'g} cy{ 5}g . ljutdf sf]O/fnfn] agfpg'ePsf dGqLx¿df
pxfFeGbf cfwf pd]/sf o'jf k':tfx¿ g} xfjL b]lvGy] .
t/ j}rfl/s ;}4flGts ;'‰a'‰ / sfo{ bIftfsf] cefjdf ltgLx¿
;a} lnnLk'6 ;fljt eP . o; cy{df gofF k':tf ;}4flGts, j}rfl/s,
;fË7lgs ;a} lx;fan] ;Dk"0f{ r'gf}tLnfO{ ;fdgf ug{ tof/
x'g' h?/L 5 . gq pgLx¿n] sf]O/fnfkl5 sf] eGg] dfq xf]Og
cfˆgf] cl:tTj sxfF / stf 5 eg]/ vf]Hg] cj;/ klg u'dfpg] 5g\ .
;xh cjt/0f ;Dej x'g] 5}g .
To:t} lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] klg x/k|sf/sf k/hLjLx¿nfO{
kG5fpFb} cufl8 glg:sg] xf] eg] /fhgLlts ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg' x'g]
5}g . pxfFn] clxn] ;ª\qmd0fsf] l:yltdf kf6L{ g]t[TjnfO{
uf}0f dfGg'k5{ / kf6L{df a]Unfa]Un} u'0f ePsf JolQmTjx¿nfO{
;fd'lxs g]t[Tjdf :yflkt u/L cfkm" ;du| /fi6«sf] g]t[Tj
lbg tD;g'k5{ . of] sf]O/fnfsf nflu /fi6«sf] g]tf aGg]
;'j0f{ cj;/ klg xf] . olb pxfFn] 5ftL km/flsnf] kfg{ lxlRsrfpg'eof]
eg] pxfFsf] kf6L{ / b]z dfq} xf]Og, c¿ y'k|} s'/f 3fOt] /
ljsnfË x'g ;S5g\ . |
