lr7L

lrQ a'‰]g

;+;b k'gM:yfkgf x'Fb}df jt{dfg ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg x'G5g\ eGg] lxdfnsf] ljZn]if0f -;DkfbsLo, !^–#) dª\l;/_ lrQ a'‰]g . ;+;b 5b}df pAh]sf] of] ;d:of ;+;bn] ;dfwfg u5{ g} eGg] s'g} Uof/]G6L 5 / <

;'a|t :jf/, ;'oz :jf/
kf]ag+= %)#, sf7df8f


d"Noj[l4M ljsNk x}g

cfon lgud 8'afpg] sf/0f;DaGwL lr/kmf/ -!^–#) dª\l;/_ n] lgud arfpg d"Noj[l4 g} Psdfq ljsNk ;'‰fPh:tf] nfUof] . To;f] xf] of] g]kfnL hgtfsf] 9f8 efFRg] csf]{ pkfo dfq x'g]5 . oBlk, Jofkf/Lsf] k|d'v bfloTj gfkmf sdfpg' g} xf] t/ lgud Jofkf/Ln] x}g, ;/sf/n] rnfpF5 . ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstf eg]sf] hgtfsf] ufF;, jf; / skf; xf] . of] k[i7e"lddf olb d"Noj[l4 g} ug]{ xf] eg] cfdhgtf;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] dl§t]n / l8h]ndf t 5'g}x'Fb}g . l8h]nsf] efp a9fpgf;fy ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ef8fb/ a9\5 / ToxL lgx'Fdf ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfgsf] d"No a9fOG5 . /, cGttM lgw{g hgtf g} To;sf] kL8f ef]Ug afWo x'g]5g\ .

a? ;lsG5 eg] lguddf eO/x]sf e|i6frf/, clgoldttf / r'xfj6sf]] Joj:yfkg ug{lt/ Wofg lbg' a9L Jofjxfl/s x'G5 .

/fhLj e08f/L
dLgejg, sf7df8f}F


gag'g\ aª\s/

hg>dbfgaf6 dfcf]jfbL aª\s/Ú -;+If]k, !^–#) dª\l;/_ n] Pp6f b'Mvb ;+efjgfsf] ;Í][t u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿sf] x7sf sf/0f ltgsf sfo{stf{x¿n] ;d]t af6f] la/fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . lxhf] /f]Nkfaf6 z'? ePsf] dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x cfh b]ze/ la:tf/ ePsf] 5 . dfgj3fts aª\s/ klg /f]Nkfaf6 la:tf/ x'Fb} b]ze/ k'Ug] w]/} ;+efjgf 5 . ctM aª\s/ lgdf{0faf/] ;f]Rg'eGbf klxn] o;af6 x'g] dfgjLo xflgnfO{ x]g'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . To;}n] xjfO{ kmfOl/ª klg sd ul/of];\ / k|ofqmd0fsf] lgx'Fdf aª\s/ cleofg klg aGb ul/of];\ .

e"d/fh ltjf/L
a]Nsf]6–&, g'jfsf]6


k|lt/f]w ug}{k5{

dlxnfx¿n] slxn];Dd ;xg] k'?ifsf lx+;|s Jojxf/ <, …nf]Ug] g} qm"/ ePkl5Ú k9]kl5 dgdf o:t} k|Zgn] 3f]lr/x]5 . ;dfrf/df plNnlvt sNkgfnfO{ qm"/ kltn] nufPsf] cfuf]n] kf]Nof] . dnfO{ eg] …o:tf] Jojxf/ slxn];Dd <Ú eGg] k|Zgn] af/Daf/ kf]Ng yfNof] . clg eGg dg nfUof], xfdL dlxnfn] cj cfˆg} klt, bfOefO, a'af eg]/ k'?ifaf6 eO/x]sf lx+;|s Jojxf/nfO{ 9fs5f]k gu/f}+ . xfdL ha;Dd af]Nb}gf}+, o:tf Jojxf/n] k|>o kfO/fVg] kSsf 5 .

;Ltf sfsL{
:ofa?Daf–(, e'Ns], kfFry/


k|>o;Fu} k"jf{u|x Û

lxdfnsf] ;fËLlts vf]hljg -!–!% dª\l;/_ n] cfw'lgs g]kfnL ;ËLtsf] pRr d"NofÍg u/]sf] 5 . k/Dk/fut afhf, w'g / z}nLdf x'ls{Psf] cfw'lgs ;ËLt / o;sf cu|hx¿n] kk;ËLtnfO{ ;xh:jLsfo{ 7fGg cˆ7\of/f] dflg/x]sf] a]nf lxdfnn] To;nfO{ j}wtf / :jLs[lt lbPsf] 5 . ;do kk–;ËLtsf] o'udf k|j]z ul/;s]5 eGg] s'/fsf] x]Ssf If]qk|tfk clwsf/Lsf] /rgf / of]u]Zj/ cdfTosf] :j/ /x]sf] …Sof af]/ eof]Ú n] ;d]t lbnfpF5 .

cg'k kxf8Lsf] ljZn]if0f eg] s]xL k"jf{u|xL nfUof] . pgsf] cfn]v k9\bf g]kfnL ;ËLtdf zDe'hLt afF:sf]6f eGg] s'g} gfd g} 5}g h:tf] nfU5, h;n] pTs[i6 ;ËLtsf] v8]/L k/]sf] a]nf;d]t o]gs]g >f]tfx¿nfO{ ;ËLtaf6 ljd'v x'g lbPgg\ . To;df bLks v/]n, cf]dljqmd lji6, /ljg zdf{h:tf ufosx¿sf] s'g} k|;Ë gcfpg' klg plrt nfu]g .

csf]{lt/, ;a} ljwfdf ;L=s]=nfnn] snd rnfpg'kg]{ afWotfn] g]kfnL ;ËLtsf c;n ljZn]ifsx¿sf] sdL /x]sf] cg'ej u/fof] . clg, ljZn]if0fdf /rgfsf/x¿sf] of]ubfgsf] d"NofÍg / lkmNdL ;ËLtsf] s'g} rrf{ kfOPg . lkmNdL ;ËLt klg g]kfnL cfw'lgs ;ËLts} kf6f] x}g / <

sNof0f e08f/L
lj/f6gu/


cfjZos 5 va/bf/L

dGqLx¿dflysf] va/bf/L -;DkfbsLo, !–!% dª\l;/_ pDbf nfUof] . ;Qfsf] cfo' nDAofpg kNs]sf, cgfjZos xNnf km}nfP/ hgtf;fd' qf;bLk"0f{ jftfj/0f v8f ug]{x¿ /fhgLlts ult/f]w cGTo ug{ c;kmn alg;s]sf 5g\ . r'gfj u/fpg] axfgfdf hgtfnfO{ /ge'Nn agfpg] sfo{ slt~h]n l6Sg] < ;/sf/df a;]/ Go"gtd bfloTjaf6 klG5g]x¿n] b]z s;/L rnfpg] < To;}n] cfjZos 5 o:tf] va/bf/L .

z]/axfb'/ e'h]n
:d[lts'~h, kj6L–^, bf]nvf


;]gf÷k|x/Ldf dlxnfsf] cflwkTo xf];\

g]kfndf dfcf]jfbL cftÍ km}ng'sf] Pp6f sf/0f ;]gf / k|x/Ln] ufpFufpFdf 5f]/La'xf/Ldfly ug]{ b'Jo{jxf/ klg xf] . 8\o'6Ldf uPsf] a]nf s;}sL /fd|L kTgL jf 5f]/La'xf/L b]v]df ;f]wk'5 ug]{ axfgfdf af]nfpg], ks8\g], k};f lbG5' egL of}gzf]if0f ug{ vf]Hg], gdfg] uf]nL xflglbG5' egL kfn}kfnf] anfTsf/ ug]{ u/]sf jf:tljs 36gf xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 . klt jf bfh'efOn] To;sf] lj/f]w u/]df dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]k nufP/ l;w} uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/Psf 36gfx¿ klg 5g\ . of] b'Mv / Joyf s;nfO{ eGg] < s;sf] ;xf/f kfpg] kLl8t g]kfnLn] < h;sf] 3/df ;]gf / k|x/Ln] of}gzf]if0f / anfTsf/ u/]sf 5g\, tL JolQmx?dWo] g} sof}+ dfg]{ / dg]{ egL ljb|f]xL eP/ h+un k;]sf x'g\ .

klxn] klg k|x/Lx? h'g ufpFdf vl6Gy], y'k|}n] tL ufpFdf gofF >LdtL agfP/ kms{Gy] . clxn] oxL /f]u ;]gfdf klg ;/]sf] 5 . df]h ug]{, dfg]{ / n'6\g] sfdaf6 ;]gf / k|x/LnfO{ t'?Gt} cnu ug{ ;lsPg eg] l:ylt c‰} hl6n x'g]5 . ctM ;]gf / k|x/Laf6 eO/x]sf of}gzf]if0f / anfTsf/ /f]Sgsf nfluÙ
;]gfnfO{ hyfefjL Aof/]saf6 aflx/ lg:sg lgif]w ug'k5{ .
;?jf ePsf 7fpFdf kTgLnfO{ ;fy} lnP/ hfg] Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ .
g/fd|f] sfd ug]{ ;]gf÷k|x/Lsf] l/kf]6{ ;]gfkltn] :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿af6 lnP/ bf]ifLnfO{ b08;lxt hflu/af6 lgsfNg] lgod a;fP dfq ;]gfn] hgtfsf] dg lhTg ;S5 .
g]kfndf gf}nf] laxfgL Nofpgsf nflu ;]gf / k|x/Ldf ;s];Dd a9L dlxnf ;]gf /fVg'k5{ . k'?if k|x/L x'Fb} gePklg x'G5 . dlxnfnfO{ dlxnf ;]gf÷k|x/Ln] / k'?ifnfO{ k'?if ;]gf÷k|x/Ln] dfq ;f]wk'5 / sf/jfxL ug]{ lgod agfpg'k5{ .
dlxnf ;]gfnfO{ b]zsf s'gfsfKrfsf] hf;';L / zflGt ;'/Iffdf v6fOof] eg] b]xJofkf/ x6\5, g]kfnL r]nLj]6Lx?n] hflu/ kfpF5g\ / dfcf]jfbL cftÍ :jtM x6]/ hfG5 .

bLks /fO{,
bf]xf, stf/


…gofF;QfÚsf] cg'xf/

dfcf]jfbLdf klg pxL /f]uÚ -!–!% dª\l;/_ n] …gofF;QfÚsf] jf:tljstf phfu/ u/]sf] 5 . slyt …hgo'4Úsf nflu p7fOPsf] k};f g]tfx¿sf] lghL k|of]udf cfpg yfn]kl5 pgLx¿k|ltsf] ljZjf; ‰g} lu/]sf] 5 . olb o:t} xf] eg] hgo'4 s]sf nflu <

cf]dsf/ kf08]
rl/sf]6, bf]nvf


:ki6 5 /fhwfgL

lxdfn ;j]{If0f -/ge'Nn /fhwfgL, !–#) sflQs_ n] sf7df8f}Faf;Lx¿ lbzfxLg jf lg0f{oxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] /x]5, oyfy{df Tof] l;Ëf] g]kfns} k|ltlqmof xf] . h;af6 g]kfndf ca s;}sf] PSnf] xflnd'xfnL rNg ;Qm}g, ldn]/ cl3 a9\g'sf] ljsNk 5}g, b]zsf] a]xfnsf nflu ;a} lhDd]jf/ 5g\, zf;gJoj:yfdf Jofks km]/abn h?/L 5, lx+;fsf] cGTo x'g'k5{, oyfl:yltdf s;}n] klg hgtfsf] dg lhTg ;Qm}gg\ eGg] s'/fsf] ;Gb]z ldn]sf] 5 . pbf/jfbL k|hftflGqs Joj:yfk|ltsf] ljZjf; / d]nldnfksf] /fhgLltk|ltsf] rfxgf :ki6 ¿kn] b]vfpg ;s]sf]n] /fhwfgLnfO{ /ge'Nn eGg ldNb}g .

vu]Gb| lu/L …sf]lknfÚ
g]kfnu~h–!, wDaf]hL


c;fGble{s tl:a/

lxdfn 8an cÍsf] cfj/0f tl:a/ / cfj/0f n]v s;} u/L klg d]n vfFb}gg\ . bLks/fh lu/L dfq snfsf/ x'g\ . g pgL sf7df8f}Fsf k|ltlglw kfq x'g\ g t ;j]{If0fsf] nf]uf] . ;f] tl:a/sf] ;§f g]kfn aGb jf sf7df8f}F aGbsf] tl:a/ a9L ;fGble{s x'g;SYof] . !–!% c;f]hsf] lxdfn sf] cfj/0f tl:a/ klg TolQs} c;fGble{s 5 . O/fsdf !@ g]kfnLsf] xTof ePkl5 k"/} g]kfn zf]sdf 8'a]sf] / sf7df8f}F hln/x]sf] ;dfrf/nfO{ g} cf]‰]ndf kfg]{ u/L lxdfn cfj/0fdf xfFl;/x]sL Ps ule{0fLsf] tl:a/ / of}g ;dfrf/nfO{ olt pRr k|fyldstf / :yfg lbg' plrt ePg Û

ch'{g a?jfn
e/tk'/–!), lrtjg


rfF8} cfpF5, rflxG5

o'j/fhsf ;xof]uLnfO{ kmf}hbf/L d'2fÚ -!–#) sflQs_ k9]kl5 lsg ;j{q /fh;+:yfsf] lj/f]w eO/x]sf] /x]5 eGg] :ki6 eof] . o'j/fhh:tf] ljlzi6 JolQm u'08fubL{df ;+nUg eO/x]sf 36gfx¿ af/Daf/ k|sfzdf cfPkl5 /fh;+:yfsf] cf}lrTodfly k|Zg p7\g' :jfefljs} xf] . /fhkl/jf/sf] o:t} rl/qsf sf/0f g]kfndf u0ftGqsf] cfjZostf dx;"; ePsf] xf] . o:t} x'Fb} uP rfF8} cfpF5 u0ftGq, rflxG5 u0ftGq Û

jfO{= kL= ljgo
/fgLr'/L–&, a];f/]a]+;L, l;Gw'nL


uhn

g]tfx¿ ufpFb} lxF8\5g\ cu|udg d"ndGq
cfGbf]ng u5{g\ ltg} s'lNrP/ k|hftGq .
Gofo 5}g sxLF st} hgtfnfO{ b'Mv kL8f
hgtfsf] 3fF6L RofkL ;lqmo 5 /fhtGq .

b'O{y/L ;fF9]x¿ n8\5g\ b]v–e]6 x'Fbf
sf]xL eG5g\, s]xL x}g rflxof]Ú/] u0ftGq .
k|ltudg df}nfP/ k'l/;Sof] b]z hlt
rflxPg c¿ s]xL afx]s xfd|f] k|hftGq .

/fdz/0f …k|of;Ú
£ofNrf]s–(, uf]/vf