ahf/÷:t/xLg /f;folgs dn

wGbf 7"nf Jofkf/Lsf], bf]if ls;fgdfly

/f;folgs dnsf 7"nf Jofkf/L / dnsf] cfk"lt{ Pj+ u'0f:t/ cg'udg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿ ;fgf Jofkf/L / ls;fgn] ef/tLo ahf/af6 :t/xLg dn leœofPsf] cf/f]k nufpF5g\ . t/ gSsnL dnsf] pTkfbg÷ljt/0fsf lglDt 7"nf Jofkf/L / ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿ g} lhDd]jf/ b]lvG5g\ .

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df]/ªsf] xr{gu9Ldf ef/tLo dn leœofpFb} :yfgLo ;fOsn]–Jofkf/L .

;LdfjtL{ If]qsf ls;fgn] ef/taf6 Nofpg] dn eGbf 7"nf Jofkf/Ln] g]kfnd} agfPsf] egL dxFuf] b/df a]Rg] u/]sf s]xL a|f08sf dnx¿ gSsnL / :t/xLg e]l6Psf 5g\ .
t/fO{sf] blIf0fL e]udf dn, aLp, ljiffbL h:tf s[lif ;fdu|Lx¿sf] cfk"lt{ k|foM ;f]‰} ef/taf6} x'g] ub{5 . v'nf ;Ldf, ;xh af6f], gftf;DaGw, ;dfg ;fdflhs–cfly{s cj:yf cflbn] ubf{ Nofpg ;lhnf] klg 5 . 7"nf] wGbf ug]{x¿sf] o:tf] sfd ug]{ 7"n} hfnf] x'G5 eg] ;fgf]ltgf] wGbf ug]{x¿ / ls;fgx¿ rflxF ;fOsn, uf8faf6 cf];f5{g\ . ut jif{ ;nf{xLdf cj}w ¿kdf %!!) 6g o'l/of, #!$% 6g 8LPkL / !(^) 6g kf]6f; lelqg' / j}w ¿kdf qmdzM @#$ 6g, !)*( 6g / #) 6g dfq cfpg'n] ;LdfjtL{ lhNnfx¿df x'g] cj}w sf/f]af/sf] ‰ns lbG5 .

d"Nosf] v]n
ef/taf6 /f;folgs dn lelqg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f ;Ldfkfl/sf] ;:tf] d"No xf] . af/fsf ls;fgn] Ps s]hL o'l/of dn ef/tdf ?=*=^$ df lsGg kfpF5g\ eg] g]kfndf sDtLdf ?=!$=%) ltg'{k5{ . Pd'lgod ;Nkm]6, 8LPkL / kf]6f;sf] efp klg k|lts]hL ?=% b]lv & ;Dd km/s 5 . o;afx]s g]kfndf kfOg] ;Lldt a|f08sf t'ngfdf ToxfF /f]hL–/f]hL lsGg kfOG5 . zlQmdfg dnsf] /S;f}nsf yf]s laqm]tf ef/tdf /f;folgs dndf k|ltaf]/f ef?=!%) ;/sf/L cg'bfg lbOPsf]n] ;:tf] ePsf] atfpF5g\ .

ef/taf6 lelqg] ;:tf] dnsf sf/0f otf g]kfnL Jofkf/Lx¿sf] dn laqmL 36]sf] 5 . lqzlQm dnsf] sn}ofsf l8n/ o;af6 cfˆgf] sf/f]af/df &% k|ltzt;Dd c;/ k/]sf] atfpF5g\ . s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgLn] ut cfly{s jif{df ;nf{xLdf Oˆsf] sDkgLsf] o'l/ofsf] d"No k|ltaf]/f ?=&#( /fv]sf] lyof] eg] cglws[t ¿kdf ef/taf6 g]kfn lelqPsf] ToxL sDkgLsf] dn ?=%@% d} kfOof] . Pp6} dn ‰08} PsltxfO ;:tf] ePkl5 u|fxsx¿ cfslif{t x'g] g} eP .

d"Nosf] of] k|lt:kwf{ u'0f:t/;Fu klg ;DalGwt 5 . t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿df cTolws / cGoq klg s]xL xb;Dd dnnufotsf s[lif ;fdu|Lsf] u'0f:t/sf] 7"n} ;d:of 5 . ;/sf/n] /f;folgs dn -lgoGq0f_ cfb]z @)%% cGtu{t u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg dn cfoft ug]{ / pTkfbg ug]{x¿sf nflu zt{x¿ tf]s]sf] 5 . lhNnfdf /f;folgs dn lg/LIfsx¿ klg 5g\ . bf]ifLnfO{ cfjZos kbfy{ lgoGq0f -clwsf/_ P]g @)!& cg';f/ sf/afxL / ;hfo ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . t}klg kmf§km'§ 5fkf dfg]{, t;f{pg] / …s'/f ldnfpg]Ú afx]s s;}nfO{ sf/afxL / ;hfo ePsf] pbfx/0f e]l6Psf] 5}g . sf/afxL gx'g'sf] Pp6f sf/0f s[lifdn h:tf] k|fljlws ljifodf sf/afxL ug]{ clwsf/ s[lif;Fu} ;DalGwt s'g} lgsfonfO{ geO{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nonfO{ lbOg' klg xf] .

u'0f:t/df klg ;D‰f}tf
dnsf] Jofkf/df lghL If]qsf] k|j]z;Fu} cfk"lt{df ;'wf/ cfP klg u'0f:t/df eg] v:sFb} uPsf] 5 . dxFuf] /f;folgs dndf ;:tf] dn jf sfd} gnfUg] j:t' ld;fP/ l/–Koflsª ug]{ sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . -x]= 6]a'n_ 7"nf cfoftstf{x¿ sd;n dn lelqg'df v'nf l;dfgfnfO{ bf]if lbG5g\ eg] v'b|f Jofkf/Lx¿ o;nfO{ 7"nf Jofkf/Lx¿s} rfnafhL 7fG5g\ .

ef/tsf kf/fbLk, zlQmdfg, 6f6f, ls;fg, cf]:jfn cflb a|f08x¿ :t/Lo dflgG5g\ eg] ls;fg / d'Qmf a|f08sf o'l/of, /fhf / cfOkLPn Pdf]lgod ;Nkm]6 tyf xl/ofnL /uf]bfj/L 8LPkL dnx¿ sd u'0f:t/sf dflgG5g\ . ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf] s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgLn] kf/fbLk sf] 8LPkL dufpF5 . o;afx]s /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3, ;fN6 6«]l8ª / g]zgn 6«]l8ª lnld6]8sf ;fy} lghLIf]qsf dgf]h OG6/g]zgn, ljsf;, e"b]j 6«]l8ª, x+;/fh x'nf;rGb P08 sDkgL, b'u8 a|b;{n] ef/tnufot cGo d'n'sx¿af6 cfoft u/L yl/yl/sf /f;folgs dnsf] sf/f]af/ ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . k"jf{~rn kml6{nfOh;{ / afUdtL kml6{nfOh;{n] cfoftLt dnnfO{ ljleGg cg'kftdf ld;fP/ g]kfnL dnsf] gfpFdf laqmL ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .

nfdf] ;dosf] e08f/0f, lr:ofg ;f]:g] k|lqmof, w"nf], v/fa df};d cflbn] ubf{ :t/Lo dnsf] u'0f:t/df x|f; cfpg ;S5 . If]qLo df6f] k/LIf0f k|of]uzfnf, ‰'Dsf -;'g;/L_n] cf=j= @)^)÷)^! df (@ j6f /f;folgs dnsf] gd"gf k/LIf0f ubf{ $^ k|ltzt gfO6«f]hg x'g'kg]{ o'l/ofdf $$=@@ b]lv $^=!# k|ltzt, !* k|ltzt gfO6«f]hg tyf $^ k|ltzt km:kmf]/; x'g'kg]{ 8LPkLdf !^=* b]lv !* k|ltzt gfO6«f]hg tyf $$=( b]lv $^ k|ltzt kmf]:kmf]/; / ^) k|ltzt kf]6f; x'g'kg]{ Do'/]6 ckm kf]6f;df %&=$ b]lv ^) k|ltzt kfOPsf] lyof] . ptf df6f] Joj:yfkg lgb]{zgfnosf] s]Gb|Lo k|of]uzfnfsf] k/LIf0fdf l8PkL dndf gfO6«f]hg / km:kmf]/;sf] dfqf qmdzM !* / $^Ü x'g'kg]{df !$–!*Ü -gfO6«f]hg–Pg_ / #)–$^Ü -km;kmf]/;–kL_ ePsf] kfOPsf] lyof] .

cfoftLt dndf dfq} geO{ oxLF pTkflbt dndf klg ;d:of 5 . s]xL jif{b]lv k"jf{~rn kml6{nfOh;{ / afUdtL kml6{nfOh;{ P08 s]ldsN;n] s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] cg'kftdf cfoftLt Pd'lgod ;Nkm]6, o'l/of, 8LPkL, P;P;kL, kf]6f;, lhK;d, 8f]nf]dfO6 cflb ld;fP/ g]kfnd} qmdzM ;u/dfyf /;f]gf dnsf] pTkfbg z'? u/]sf 5g\ . k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0faf6 z'?df :t/Lo g} b]lvPsf oL b'j} dn kl5kl5 sd;n x'Fb} uPsf] kfOP . s[lif ljefu, df6f] Joj:yfkg lgb{]zgfno, s]Gb|Lo k|of]uzfnfsf] clen]v cg';f/, ;u/dfyf dndf @)–@) k|ltzt x'g'kg{] gfO6«f]hg / km:kmf]/;sf] cg'kft @)%& dª\l;/df @)–@@ k|ltzt x'Fb} @)^) df3df !!–!) b]lv !#–( tyf @)^! c;f/df !#–!& k|ltztdf ‰/]sf] b]lvof] . o;}u/L ;f]gf dnsf] cg'kft @)%( kmfu'gdf !*–@! k|ltzt lyof] eg] @)^) j}zfvdf !^–!*, h]7df !%–!^ x'Fb} @)^! j}zfvdf !&–!% k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvof] .

u'0f:t/ hfFRg] tl/sf
dndf ld;fj6 eP÷gePsf] s'/f s]xL 3/]n' ljlw / ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg] sL6 afs;af6} yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 eg] kf]if0f kbfy{ yfxf kfpg k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0f g} ug'{k5{ . s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno, /f;folgs dn OsfOsf cg';f/ clxn] clw/fHosf ljleGg @$ j6f lhNnfx¿df sL6 afs; ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

dndf x'g] ld;fj6af/] w]/} s'/fx¿ 3/]n' ljlwaf6} kQf nufpg ;lsG5 . ld;fj6 gePsf] o'l/ofsf] bfgf ;]tf], rlDsnf], ;dfg cfsf/sf] / uf]nfbf/ x'G5 . h'g kfgLdf 3f]lng], 5'Fbf lr;f] cg'ej x'g], tftf] tfjfdf /fVbf kx]Fnf] x'Fb}hfg] / tfjfdf cfFr a9\b} uPkl5 p8]/ hfG5 . v}/f], sfnf] tyf abfdL /+usf l8PkLsf ;Unf bfgfx¿ af]/fdf ;/f]a/L ldl;Psf x'G5g\ . o;nfO{ r'g;Fu ld;fP/ v}gL h:t} u/L df8\bf ;xg} g;lsg] kL/f] uGw cfpF5 . xNsf cfFrdf tfjfdf ttfpFbf 8LPkLsf bfgf km'Nb} hfG5g\ . To:t} Do'/]6 ckm kf]6f;sf bfgfx¿ lehfpFbf cfk;df 6fFl;b}gg\ / kfgLdf 3f]Nbf dnsf] /ftf] efu t}l/G5 .

• t'n;L uf}td

bf]xf]/f] df/df s[ifs

g]kfnL ls;fgn] afnLgfnL nufpg] x/]s l;hgdf /f;folgs dnsf] cefj l;h{gf x'g] ub{5 . s[lif dGqfnosf] !! dª\l;/sf] tYofÍ cg';f/ s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL / lghL Jofkf/Lx¿;Fu u/L clxn] b]ze/ s/La %) xhf/ d]l6«s 6g dn dfq ;l~rltdf 5 .

l;hgdf cfP/ dnsf] cefj x'g'sf] d'Vo sf/0f cfoft sd x'g' xf] . ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf] s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL, lghL Jofkf/Lx¿ / hfkfgL cg'bfgsf] u/L ut cfly{s jif{df ! nfv ^^ xhf/ d]l6«s 6g /f;folgs dn g]kfn lelqPsf] lyof] . hals s[lif ;DaGwL @) jif]{ bL3{sfnLg gLlt -PkLkL_ sf] cg'dfgdf b]zsf] jflif{s dn vkt tLg nfv 6g 5 . cfoft, cg'bfg / cfGtl/s pTkfbgn] of] cfjZostf k'/f gug]{ s'/f ;/sf/ tyf ;Da4 Joj;foLx¿ ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . km]l/ dn k'u]g ls;fgx¿ klg v]taf/Ldf dn gxfnL a:g] xf]Ogg\ . s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfnosf k|jQmf cz]Zj/ ‰f s"6gLlts kf/fdf eG5g\, ærflxP hlt k'¥ofpg klg ;lsPsf] 5}g, pknAw dn klg dxFuf] 5, of] cj:yfdf ls;fgsf nflu cfkm}F csf]{ af6f] vf]Hg'sf] ljsNk 5}g .Æ

g]kfndf gk'u]sf] dn ef/tLo ahf/sf] cg'bfgk|fKt dnn] k"/f ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . t/fO{sf y'k|} ls;fgx¿ dnsf nflu ;Ldfkfl/ k'U5g\ . sfg'gtM cj}w of] sf/f]af/df cfkm"x¿n] cfFvf lrDng] u/]sf] s'/f :jod\ s[lif dGqfnosf clwsf/Lx¿ atfpF5g\ . k|jQmf ‰f eG5g\, æxfd|f] k|fyldstf u'0f:t/Lo dnsf] k|of]u xf];\ / ls;fgsf] pTkfbg nfut sd xf];\ eGg] 5 . g]kfnL ahf/df pknAw dnn] sDtLdf klg nfut sd ug{ ;Sb}g .Æ kl5Nnf] ;dodf :yfgLo k|zf;gn] ef/taf6 yf]/} kl/df0fdf cfpg] dn sd;n eg]/ hkmt ug{ yfn]sf] 5, h;nfO{ s[lif dGqfnosf clwsf/Lx¿ 7"nf Jofkf/Lsf] pS;fx6df ls;fgnfO{ b'Mv lbg] sfd eG5g\ . gfd pNn]v ug{ grfxg] dGqfnosf Ps clwsf/L eG5g\, æ:yfgLo k|zf;g / Jofkf/Lsf] ldn]dtf]df eO/x]sf] 5fkf dfg]{ sfdn] ls;fgx¿nfO{ dxFuf] dn lsGg afWo kf/]sf] 5 .Æ ls;fgn] NofPsf] dn sd;n ePsf] eGg] :yfgLo k|zf;gsf] cf/f]kdf klg s[lif dGqfno ;xdt b]lvFb}g . dGqfnosf] /f;folgs dn OsfO{ k|d'v /ldtf dfgGw/ elG5g\, ækfFr} ljsf; If]qsf df6f] k/LIf0fzfnfx¿sf] l/kf]6{df df6f]sf] u'0f:t/ v:s]sf] kfOPsf] 5}g, h;sf] dtna xf] sd;n dnsf] k|of]u ePsf] 5}g .Æ

To;f] t Go'g u'0f:t/sf] e]l6Psf dndf klg sfjf{xL eg] ePsf] 5}g . s[lif ljefu, df6f] Joj:yfkg lgb{]zgfno, s]Gb|Lo k|of]uzfnfsf] k/LIf0fdf afUdtL kml6{nfOh/sf] ;f]gf / k"jf{~rn kml6{nfOh/sf] ;u/dfyf dn tf]lsPsf] eGbf sd u'0f:t/sf] e]l6P, t/ sfjf{xL t s] ;r]t;Dd klg u/fOPg . k"jf{~rn kml6{nfOh/sf lgb]{zs gf/fo0f a/O eG5g\, æxfd|f] dn Go'g u'0f:t/sf] 5 eGg] yfxf g} 5}g, cfh;Dd s;}n] klg ltdLx¿n] Go'g u'0f:t/sf] dn pTkfbg ul//fv]sf 5f} eg]/ xfdLnfO{ eg]sf] 5}g .Æ

• ls/0f g]kfn