cy{÷Knfli6s
Knfli6sM p7]b]lv—;'Tbf;Dd
•
Knfli6s pBf]un] gf} xhf/ dflg;nfO{
/f]huf/L lbPsf] / ;/sf/nfO{ jflif{s ?=! ca{ /fh:j a'‰fPsf]
5 .
•
g]kfnn] jflif{s s/La ?=! ca{ @) s/f]8 a/fa/sf] Knfli6ssf ;fdfg ef/t
lgof{t u5{ . Knfli6ssf] ‰f]nf dfq jflif{s #) xhf/ 6g
pTkfbg u5{ .
•
g]kfndf ^)–&) k|ltzt Knfli6s cf}Bf]lus / c¿ 3/]n'
k|of]hgdf pkof]u x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
•
ljZjdf Knfli6ssf] k|ltJolQm cf};t jflif{s pkef]u !% s]hL 5 .
cd]l/sf, o'/f]k / blIf0f–k"jL{ Plzofsf ljsl;t d'n'sdf
Ps hgfn] jif{df &)–*) s]hL Knfli6s k|of]u u5{ eg] O08f]g]lzof,
l;Ëfk'/, dn]l;of, ef/th:tf d'n'sx¿df Knfli6ssf] k|ltJolQm
pkef]u b/ !%–@) s]hL 5 . g]kfndf k|ltJolQm Knfli6s pkef]u
jflif{s # s]hL dfq 5 .
•
sf7df8f}F / nlntk'/df b}lgs lgl:sg] #@) 6g kmf]xf]/dWo] Knfli6ssf]
kmf]xf]/ #@ 6g x'G5 . To;dWo] $) k|ltzt -!@–!# 6g_ Knfli6ssf
‰f]nfx¿ x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
•
g]kfndf kLeL;L xjfO rKkn cfPkl5 gfËf] v'§f lxF8\g] dflg;
b]lvg d'lZsn ePsf] 5 eg] kf]lnOyfOlng kfOk cfPkl5 ufpF3/df vfg]kfgL
cfk"lt{df pNn]Vo kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 .
dfgj hLjgsf] cleGg cË alg;s]sf] 5, Knfli6s .
Psflt/ kmf]xf]/ / k|b"if0f a9\of] eg]/ Knfli6s lj/f]wL cleofg
klg rn]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ Knfli6s cfkm}F k|b"ifs xf]Og, kmf]xf]/sf]
plrt Joj:yfkg gePsf]n] ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] ts{ ug]{x¿ klg 5g\ .
•
w|'j l;Dv8f÷zLtn sf]O/fnf
tl:a/x¿M ls/0f kf08] |
tkfO{F laxfg
p7\g]ljlQs} lgTo sd{df nfUbf pkof]u x'g] sdf]7b]lv 6'ya|;;Dd, Knfli6ss} .
b"w lsg]/ Nofpg'x'G5, Kofs]6 Knfli6ss} . aflx/ vfhf vfg'x'G5,
Kn]6 Knfli6ss} . ahf/af6 kms{Fbf af]lsg] ‰f]nf, Knfli6ss} .
/]l8of], 6]lnlehg, 6]lnkmf]g, k|of]u ug'{x'G5, kf6{k'hf{ Knfli6ss} .
c¿ t c¿, /flt s08d k|of]u ug'{x'G5 eg] Tof] klg, Knfli6ss} .
p7]b]lv ;'Tbf;Dd, wgLb]lv u/La;Dd, ;fgfb]lv 7"nf;Dd, zx/b]lv
ufpF;DdÙ h;n], hltv]/, hxfFklg k|of]u ul//x]sf] 5, Knfli6s Û
3/, sfof{nob]lv pBf]u, Jofkf/, :jf:Yo, ;~rf/, oftfoft
x/]s If]qdf Knfli6s / Knfli6ssf ;fdu|Lx¿sf] …;fd|fHoÚ
5fPsf] 5 . b]zsf k|foM ;a} zx/L If]qsf] hghLjg Knfli6sdo aGb}
uO/x]sf] 5 eg] ufpF–ufpFdf klg o;sf] pkof]u a9\b} uPsf] 5 .
#)–$) jif{cl3;Dd Jofks k|of]udf /x]sf tfdf, lkQn, kmnfd, df6f],
a]t, afF;, h'6sf efF8fs'F8f / ;/;fdfgx¿sf] 7fpF lxhf]cfh
Knfli6ssf ;fdfgn] lng yfn]sf 5g\ .
ljsf;kydf cl3 a9\b} hfg] qmddf dflg;x¿sf] hLjgz}nL
klg b|'tt/ ag]sf] 5 . Tof] ult k5\ofpg l56f–5l/tf ;fdu|Lx¿sf]
h?/t kg]{ x'gfn] Knfli6ssf] k|of]u a9\b} uPsf] xf] . Knfli6s
xn'sf x'G5, o;nfO{ ;lhnf];Fu rfx] cg';f/sf] /ª / cfsf/df 9fNg
;lsG5 . Knfli6ssf ;fdfgx¿ ;:tf x'G5g\ / htftt} kfOG5g\ .
;+;f/df Knfli6s gk'u]sf] 7fpF sxfF xf]nf / Û
g]kfndf Knfli6s
g]kfndf #) jif{cl3 sf7df8f}Fsf] If]qkf6Ldf df]xgk|;fb >]i7n]
klxnf] Knfli6s pBf]u vf]n]sf lyP . ;/sf/L tYofÍ cg';f/,
b]ze/ 7"nf–d‰f}nf @* / ;fgf %$% u/L ‰08}
^ ;o Knfli6s pBf]u btf{ ePsf 5g\ . ?=@ ca{ *) s/f]8 k"FhL
nufgL ug]{ u/L !! j6f pBf]un] cd]l/sL, ef/tLo / Sofg]8]nL;Fu ;+o'Qm
nufgLdf Knfli6s pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ Ohfhtkq lnPsf 5g\ . oLdWo]
b'O{ j6f 7"nf, Pp6f d‰f}nf / gf} j6f ;fgf pBf]u /x]sf]
pBf]u ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L cg'dfg cg';f/, Knfli6s pBf]un]
gf} xhf/ dflg;nfO{ /f]huf/L lbPsf] / ;/sf/nfO{ jflif{s ?=! ca{ /fh:j
a'‰fPsf] 5 . g]kfndf Knfli6shGo kmf]xf]/sf] Joj:yfkgafx]s
of] pBf]udf c¿ s'g} ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5}g .
 |
eG;f/ ljefusf] tYofÍ cg';f/, g]kfnn] ef/t,
hd{gL, l;Ëfk'/, blIf0f sf]l/of, ;fpbL c/]laof cflb d'n'saf6
jflif{s s/La ?=# ca{ a/fa/sf] Knfli6ssf] sRrfkbfy{ cfoft u5{ .
s]xL jif{cl3;Dd t];|f] d'n'saf6 dfq cfoft x'g] sRrfkbfy{ ef/tsf]
xlNbof k]6«f] s]ldsN; / l/nfoG; k]6«f] s]ldsN;n] pTkfbg
z'? u/]kl5 ef/taf6 klg cfpg yfn]sf] xf] . ;/sf/n] Knfli6ssf
sRrf kbfy{sf] cfoftdf !% k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n lng] u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfn Knfli6s O08i6«Lhsf k|d'v dgdf]xg >]i7 of] dx;'n a9L
ePsf] :ki6 ub}{ eG5g\, æTo;dfly d"No clej[l4 s/, :yfgLo
ljsf; s/nufot cGo s/x¿ klg ltg'{ k/]sf]n] pBf]u ;~rfng ug{
ufx|f] ePsf] 5 .Æ
lxn6]s O08i6«Lhsf sdn h}g, g]kf6k O08i6«Lhsf
bLks >]i7, lqj]0fL Knf:6f] kf]lnd;{sf ljgf]bs'df/, PdPd Knfli6s
pBf]usf ;'/]z Kofs'/]n, lzjzlQm Kofs]lhË k|f=ln= sf /fx'n cu|jfn,
ah| P08 ah|frfo{ OG6/ k|fOh]hsf k|sfz ah|frfo{nufotsf k|d'v Knfli6s
pBdLx¿ klg of] egfO;Fu ;xdt 5g\ . ;/sf/sf] s/ gLlt cj}1flgs
/ pBf]ux¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ geP/ lg?T;flxt ug]{ vfnsf] ePsf]
;a}sf] u'gf;f] 5 . Knfli6ssf] sRrfkbfy{ k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf]
…jfOk|f]8S6Ú xf] . ljb]zL ahf/df lbgk|ltlbg a9]sf]
k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] d"Nosf] k|efj o;df klg k/]sf] 5 .
h]d Knfli6qmfˆ6;\ k|f=ln= sf sjLGb|axfb'/ >]i7 eG5g\, æef/tn]
cfkm}F sRrfkbfy{ agfpg yfn]sf] / s/x¿ 36fpFb} nu]sf] cj:yfnfO{
xfd|f] ;/sf/n] ljrf/ gug]{ xf] eg] g]kfnsf Knfli6s pBf]u qmdzM aGb
x'Fb} hfg]5g\ .Æ
ef/tnufot s]xL cGo b]zx¿af6 c‰} klg
jflif{s ?=!%–@) s/f]8sf Knfli6ssf kfOk, v]nf}gf, 3/]n' ;fdfgx¿
g]kfn cfpF5g\ . Knfli6ssf ‰f]nf / ;'tnLaf6 pTkfbg z'?
u/]sf g]kfnsf Knfli6s pBf]ux¿n] klg cfˆgf] pTkfbgdf
ljljwtf NofPsf / 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf ;fdfg, v]nf}gf, ljB'tLo ;fdu|L,
k]6 af]tn, kf]ln6\ofÍ, kfOk, xfp; jfol/Ësf ;fdfg, h'Qf,
rKkn, Knfli6s sG6]g/, hf/, hls{g, s[lqd jg:klt / km"n, t]n÷b"wsf
Kofs]6, lk|lG6Ë Jofunufot y'k|} ;fdfgx¿ :jb]zd} pTkfbg
ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . g]kfnn] jflif{s s/La ?=! ca{ @) s/f]8 a/fa/sf]
Knfli6ssf ;fdfg ef/t lgof{t u5{ eg] obfsbf vfg]kfgLsf kfOkx¿
e'6fg klg k7fpg] u/]sf] 5 -x]= aS;– g]kfndf Knfli6ssf] sf/f]af/_ .
3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefusf cg';f/ g]kfndf jflif{s #) xhf/ 6g t
Knfli6ssf] ‰f]nf dfq pTkfbg x'G5 . gf} jif{b]lv kLeL;L
kfOk pTkfbg ub}{ cfPsf] k~rsGof ;d"xn] kfOk lkml6Ësf ;fdfgx¿
klg pTkfbg ug{ z'? u/]kl5 ef/tdf lge{/ /xg'kg]{ afWotf 6/]sf] ;f]
;d"xsf k|aGw lgb]{zs k|bLks'df/ >]i7 atfpF5g\ . Oi6g{
u|'k eGg] csf]{ Pp6f ;d"xn] klg uPsf] jif{b]lv kLeL;L kfOk
/ lkml6Ë ;fdfgsf] pTkfbg z'? u/]sf] 5 .
 |
g]kfndf rLg / ef/taf6 cj}w ¿kn] k|z:t} Knfli6ssf
;fdfgx¿ cfO/x] klg s] slt cfpF5 eGg] tYofÍ s;};Fu
5}g . æ;/sf/;Fu b]zdf slt Knfli6s pBf]u rn]sf 5g\Ù
slt pTkfbg, cfoft, lgof{t / cfGtl/s vkt x'G5 eGg] e/kbf]{ tYofÍ
;d]t gePsf] a]nfdf cj}w cfoftsf] tYofÍ s;n] kQf nufOlbg] <Æ
of] k|Zg pBf]u ljefusf Ps sd{rf/Lsf] xf] . pgL yK5g\, æljefudf
Ohfht lnPsf pBf]ux¿sf] gfd / ;ª\Vof e]l6G5, afFsL c¿
s'g} tYofÍ e/kbf]{ 5}g .Æ g]kfn Knfli6s pTkfbs
;+3sf cg';f/ 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefudf btf{ ePsf Knfli6s pBf]udWo]
rf/;o hlt dfq ;~rfngdf 5g\ . pBf]ukltx¿n] g} lgoldt
¿kdf ljj/0f pknAw gu/fOlbgfn] o:tf] ePsf] ljefusf dxflgb]{zs
tfgf uf}tdsf] syg 5 .
g]kfndf ^)–&) k|ltzt Knfli6s cf}Bf]lus
/ c¿ 3/]n' k|of]hgdf pkof]u x'g] u/]sf] 5 . Knfli6sdf
l:6n‰}F alnof], 9'Ëf h:t} bx|f], sf7eGbf xn'sf], /a/h:t}
tGsg], l;;f‰}F kf/bzL{, gs'lxg], guNg] w]/} u'0f ePsf]n] o;sf]
k|of]u a9]sf] / o;n] w]/} k/Dk/fut ;fdu|Lsf] :yfg lnPsf] xf] .
g]kfndf kLeL;L xjfO rKkn cfPkl5 gfËf] v'§f lxF8\g] dflg;
b]lvg d'lZsn ePsf] 5 eg] kf]lnOyfOlng kfOk cfPkl5 ufpF3/df vfg]kfgL
cfk"lt{df pNn]Vo kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . xn'sf / gkm'6\g] ePsfn]
kfgL af]Sg] sfdsf nflu Knfli6ssf efF8fx¿ w]/} pkof]uL 7xl/Psf
5g\ . b}jLk|sf]k kLl8tx¿sf lzlj/, lgdf{0f:yndf v8f ul/g]
c:yfoL cfjf;, ahf/ / cGo ;+/rgfsf nflu Knfli6ss} 5fgf rflxG5g\ .
cfw'lgs 3/ lgdf{0f ug{, 6\jfOn]6, afy?d agfpgb]lv lah'nL / 6]lnkmf]gsf
s]j'n h8fg, l;FrfO, vfg]kfgL nufotsf If]qdf Knfli6ssf] k|of]u Jofks
¿kdf al9/x]sf] 5 .
Knfli6s pBf]usf] ljsf;;Fu;Fu} t/fO{df afF;sf af:s]6
cflb ;fdfg agfpg] 8f]d ;d'bfo / pkTosfdf df6fsf efF8f agfpg] s'dfn]x¿sf]
k/Dk/fut k]zf klg k|efljt ePsf] 5 . o;af6 8f]d ;d'bfosf ;ft;o
dflg;n] /f]huf/L u'dfPsf] hg;ª\Vof tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon] ;g\
@))$ df u/]sf] Ps cWoog k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 .
vfg]kfgL ljt/0fsf] k|efjsf/L dfWod ag]sf],
kf]nLlyg kfOk . |
;DkGgtf ls k|b"if0f <
lxhf]cfh Knfli6ssf] vktnfO{ ljsf;sf] dfkb08sf] ¿kdf lng yflnPsf]
5 . tYofÍx¿n] cljsl;teGbf ljsl;t d'n'sx¿df
a9L Knfli6s÷Knfli6ssf ;fdfgx¿ k|of]u ePsf] b]vfPsf
5g\ . g]kfndf klg tYofÍ ljefusf] o; jif{sf] xfp;xf]N8
;e]{nfO{ cfwf/ dfGb} Knfli6s vkt w]/} a9]sf] / To;n] ubf{ u/LaL
36]sf] cfzosf ;dfrf/x¿ cfPsf lyP . t/ ljefusf tYofÍ
clws[t /fdxl/ u}/]n] ;j]{If0fsf] kl/0ffd c‰} k|sfzdf gNofOPsf],
o;df Knfli6ssf] vkt ;DaGwL 5'§} k|ZgfjnL g/flvPsf] / o;nfO{
u/LaL 36fpg] ;"rssf ¿kdf ljZn]if0f gul/Psf] atfpF5g\ .
ljZjdf Knfli6ssf] k|ltJolQm cf};t jflif{s pkef]u !%
s]hL 5 . cd]l/sf, o'/f]k / blIf0f–k"jL{ Plzofsf
ljsl;t d'n'sdf Ps hgfn] jif{df &)–*) s]hL Knfli6s k|of]u
u5{ eg] O08f]g]lzof, l;Ëfk'/, dn]l;of, ef/th:tf d'n'sx¿df
Knfli6ssf] k|ltJolQm pkef]u b/ !%–@) s]hL 5 . hg;ª\Vof
tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon] o;} jif{ u/fPsf] Ps cWoogn] g]kfndf k|ltJolQm
Knfli6s pkef]u jflif{s # s]hL /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf]
Knfli6s pTkfbg / lgof{tnfO{ t'ngf u/]/ x]g]{ xf] eg] ;g\ !(((÷@)))
b]lv @))#÷)$ ;Dddf g]kfnLx¿n] Knfli6ssf] ;fdfg v/Lbdf
k|ltJolQm jflif{s ?=!)) af6 ?=!%) vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . kz'klt
kf]ln6\ofÍsf gjLg l/hfn / kf]lnlyg P08 Knfli6s pBf]u k|f=ln=sf
k|af]w l3ld/] Knfli6s k|of]uaf/] pkef]Qmfsf] r]tgf:t/ a9fpFb} hfg]
xf] eg] o;sf] pkef]u lgs} a9\g] atfpF5g\ .
s}of}F jftfj/0fljb\x¿n] Knfli6s guNg] / g;8\g]
kbfy{ xf] / o;sf] a9L k|of]un] kmf]xf]/ / k|b"if0f b'j} a9fpF5
eGg] s'/f p7fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . b PS;Knf]/ g]kfnsf k|aGw lgb]{zs
e/t a:g]t Knfli6snfO{ k|b"if0fsf] Pp6f k|d'v sf/0f g} dfG5g\ .
t/ /f]gfi6df sfo{/t Knfli6slj1 8f= /d]zdfg l;+x oL s'/f;Fu c+ztM
dfq ;xdt 5g\ . pgL eG5g\, æxf], Knfli6sn] kmf]xf]/ a9fpF5 .
t/ xfdLn] afn]gf}F eg] o;n] c¿ kmf]xf]/n] h:tf] s'lxP/ xflgsf/s
UofF; lgsfNg] / k|b"if0f ug]{ sfd ub}{g . Knfli6ssf] k|of]u
c‰} a9fpg] / kmf]xf]/nfO{ /fd|/L Joj:yfkg ug]{ xf] eg] o;n]
jftfj/0fnfO{ kmfObf g} k'¥ofpF5 . jg hËnnufot cGo
w]/} k|fs[lts ;|f]t;fwg arfpg ;lsG5 .Æ ljz]if1x¿
Knfli6sn] k|b"if0f ug]{ xf] eg] ljsl;t d'n'sx¿df cTolws
k|b"if0f x'g'kg]{ ts{ lbFb} tLdWo] w]/} d'n'sdf kmf]xf]/sf]
/fd|f] Joj:yfkg klg x'g] x'gfn] ;d:of sd ePsf] atfpF5g\ . pgLx¿sf
cg';f/ g]kfnh:tf d'n'sdf k|of]u sd eP klg Joj:yfkg /fd|f] gePsf]n]
w]/} ;d:of cfPsf] xf] .
g]kfnsf zx/ahf/df hDdf x'g] &) k|ltzt kmf]xf]/
h}ljs -cuf{lgs_ tyf !)–!) k|ltzt kmf]xf]/ Knfli6s, sfuh /
cGo j:t'af6 lgl:sG5g\ . b]zsf zx/L If]qdf Knfli6ssf] ‰f]nf
kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf] 7"n} ;d:of aGg k'u]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}F
/ nlntk'/df b}lgs lgl:sg] #@) 6g kmf]xf]/dWo] Knfli6ssf] kmf]xf]/
#@ 6g dfq x'G5, / To;dWo] klg $) k|ltzt -!@–!# 6g_ Knfli6ssf
‰f]nfx¿ x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . Knfli6s pTkfbs ;+3sf
cg';f/ xfn ;~rflnt Knfli6ssf rf/;o 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]udWo] tLg
;on] ‰f]nf dfq pTkfbg u5{g\ . sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfn]
pkTosfdf Knfli6ssf ‰f]nf, vf]n cflbsf] hyfefjL k|of]un] kmf]xf]/
Joj:yfkg / 9n lgsf;df ;d:of a9]sf] atfPsf] 5 t/ g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfgsf
k|jQmf 8f= rGb]Zj/ ;fx of] s'/fnfO{ cf+lzs ¿kdf :jLsf/ ub}{
eG5g\, æpkTosfdf 9n lgsf;sf] ;d:of 5, t/ o;sf] sf/0f Knfli6s
dfq} xf]Og, 9ndf xfNg gx'g] c¿ 7f]; kmf]xf]/x¿ klg
x'g\ .Æ
 |
Knfli6ssf] kmf]xf]/n] hldgsf] ;txdf y'lk|P/ kfgL l5g{
glbO{ e"ldut hne08f/ / kfgLsf d'xfgx¿df c;/ kf/]sf]
tyf df6f]df ldl;P/ hdLgsf] pa{/f zlQm 36fPsf] 5 klg elgG5 .
s[lif ljefu, df6f] Joj:yfkg lgb]{zgfnosf df6f]lj1 rGb|k|;fb l/;fnsf]
wf/0ff 5, æo;n] df6f]df 3f6f t k'¥ofpF5, t/ pj{/f zlQmdf
s:tf] k|efj kf5{ eGg] rflxF cWoog ePsf] 5}g .Æ ;8sdf
kmflnPsf vfg]s'/f / cGo kmf]xf]/ ePsf ‰f]nfx¿ vfP/
hgfj/x¿ dg]{u/]sf klg kfOPsf] 5 .
x]6f}F8f / dx]Gb|gu/ gu/kflnsfn] tLg jif{cl3 gu/If]qdf
Knfli6ssf ‰f]nfsf] k|of]udf k|ltaGw nufPsf lyP . Knfli6s
‰f]nfx¿df k|ltaGw nufpg PS;Knf]/ g]kfnn] rnfPsf] cleofg
cGtu{t ePsf oL k|of]u ;kmn x'g eg] ;s]gg\ . o;}u/L d':tfª
lhlj;n] lhNnfdf Knfli6s k|ltalGwt u/] klg o;sf] k|of]u k"0f{tM
/f]lsg ;s]sf] 5}g . 8f= l;+xsf] ljrf/df Knfli6s dfgj hLjgsf]
cleGg cË alg;s]sf]n] o:tf] ePsf] xf] / Knfli6s aGb ub}{df kmf]xf]/d}nf
tyf jftfj/0f k|b"if0fdf ;'wf/ cfpFb}g, pkef]Qmfn] o;sf] kmf]xf]/nfO{
plrt 7fpFdf lj;h{g ug'{kb{5 . SnLg OghL{ g]kfnsf e"if0f
t'nfw/ eG5g\, æ;d:of pkef]usf] x}g, Knfli6ssf kbfy{sf] plrt
Joj:yfkgsf] xf] .Æ
k'gM k|of]u
ahf/af6 ;fdfg Nofpg] lalQs} l;Q}Fdf cfpg] Knfli6ssf ‰f]nf,
vf]n TolQs} kmfNgfn] g} kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkgdf ;d:of cfPsf] xf] .
dflg;x¿nfO{ ;dfwfgsf pkfosf] hfgsf/L / ljsNk geP/ klg o:tf
;d:of b]vfkg]{ u5{g\ . Knfli6ssf] kmf]xf]/nfO{ k'gM k|zf]wg
u/]/ k'gM k|of]u ug]{ xf] eg] of] df]x/ -k};f_ klg aGg;S5 .
cd]l/sfn] Ps bzseGbf nfdf] ;dob]lv Knfli6ssf ;fdfgsf]
k'gM k|of]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ gLlt lnPsf] 5 . ljsl;t d'n'sx¿df
Knfli6ssf ;fdfg k|of]u ul/;s]kl5 Jojl:yt ¿kn] ;Íng
/ k|zf]wg ug{ ;xof]u k'uf];\ eg]/ ltgdf k]6 !, kLO @, kLO $, kLeL;L
#, kLkL %, kLP; ^ / kL;L & eGg] ;Í]t /flvPsf] x'G5 .
tkfO{Fn] ch]{lG6gfdf pTkflbt vfg]t]nsf] af]tnsf] kLFwdf x]g'{eof]
eg] b]Vg'x'g]5, …k]6 !Ú . o;sf] cy{, pQm af]tn
k]6 ! n]lvPsf] Knfli6ssf] j:t' ;Íng ug]{ efF8f] jf s06]g/df
ˆofNg'k5{ eGg] xf] .
sf7df8f}F, a'6jn / lrtjgdf Knfli6ssf ‰f]nf k'gM
k|zf]wg ug]{ s]xL KnfG6x¿ 5g\ . b}lgs cf7 6g Knfli6s
kmf]xf]/ k|zf]wg ug]{ Ifdtf ePsf] lrtjg, 6fF8Lsf] OGef/f]Knf:6 k|f=ln=
b]zsf] klxnf] Knfli6s l/;fOsn Knf06 xf] . g]kfndf kf]lnOyfOlng
/ kf]lnk|f]kfOlng afx]s cGo k|sf/sf Knfli6ssf] kmf]xf]/ k|zf]wg
ug]{ KnfG6x¿ 5}gg\ . kLeL;L / k]6 af]tn, v}gL / rfprfpsf
Kofs]6x¿ k'gM k|zf]wg ug{ ef/t g} n}hfg'k5{ . k'gM k|zf]wgsf
nflu ;Íng ul/Psf] Knfli6ssf] kmf]xf]/ sjf8Lx¿n] k|lts]hL
?=$ b]lv ?=@) ;Dddf lsG5g\ . t/ s]xL dfqfdf eP klg Knfli6s
kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg ul//x]sf sjf8LnfO{ s/ nufP/ ;/sf/n] xtf]T;flxt
ug]{ lgGbgLo sfd u/]sf] Knfli6s pTkfbs ;+3sf cWoIf z}n]Gb|nfn k|wfg
atfpF5g\ . pgL eG5g\, æ;/sf/n] o:tf j:t'df sjf8L s/ vf/]h
ug'{k5{ .Æ
Knfli6ssf ‰f]nfx¿ ;d:ofsf ¿kdf
b]lvg yfn]kl5 @)%& ;fndf ;/sf/n] @) dfOqmf]geGbf sd df]6fOsf
‰f]nf pTkfbg ug{ gkfOg] lgod agfof] . t/, cfh;Dd klg
pQm dfkb08 cg';f/ pTkfbg eP, gePsf] s;}n] cg'udg ug]{ u/]sf] 5}g .
æxfdLn] dfkb08 cg';f/sf Knfli6s ‰f]nfx¿ pTkfbg
geO/x]sf] s'/f ;/sf/nfO{ k6s–k6s cjut u/fof}F . t/ xfd|f]
s'/} ;'lgFb}g,Æ ;+2sf cWoIf k|wfg eG5g\ . pBf]u ljefusf
dxflgb]{zs uf}td cfkm" ljefudf ev{/} cfPsfn] o;af/] a'l‰g;s]sf]
atfpFb} eG5g\, æpBf]usf] lg/LIf0f, ;'k/Lj]If0fsf nflu P]g
lgod k|efjsf/L gePsf] x'g;S5 .Æ of] egfO;Fu k~rsGof u|'ksf
k|aGw lgb]{zs >]i7 / Oi6g{ u|'ksf lgb]{zs Clif nf]lxof ;xdt 5}gg\ .
pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ Ohfht lbg], lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / cg'udg ug]{ clwsf/–k|fKt
;/sf/L lgsfon] cfˆgf] bfloTjaf6 klG5g gldNg] / lgoldt cg'udg
ul//xg'kg]{ oL Joj;foLsf] wf/0ff 5 .
Knfli6ssf] b]gM ;a}sf] v'§fdf nrs–nrs
xjfO{ rKkn . |
afËnfb]z ;/sf/n] s8f sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]/
a9L kmf]xf]/ ug]{ Knfli6ssf ;fdfgsf] cfGtl/s laqmL ljt/0fdf k|ltaGw
nufPsf] 5 . of] k|fjwfg olt k|efjsf/L 9Ën] sfof{Gjog ePsf]
5 ls Ps s/f]8eGbf a9L hg;ª\Vof ePsf] / s/La !% ;o ju{ ls=ld=
If]qdf km}lnPsf] 9fsfdf Knfli6ssf ‰f]nf st} kmflnPsf] b]lvFb}g .
k;nx¿n] sfuh, sk8f of h'6sf] ‰f]nfdf ;fdfg lbG5g\ .
g]kfndf klg zx/L ljsf; P]g, :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g h:tf sfg'gx¿n]
kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg tyf k|b"if0f lgoGq0fsf sfd ug{ :yfgLo
lgsfox¿nfO{ kof{Kt clwsf/ lbPsf 5g\, t/ s;}n] klg ltgnfO{
k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjog u/]/ Knfli6s kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg ug{
;s]sf 5}gg\ .
Knfli6ssf] gfnLa]nL
kf]lnd;{sf] cf0fljs agfj6 .
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nueu 8]9;o jif{cl3 Knfli6ssf] klxnf] ?k …l;Gy]l6s
kf]lnd/Ú kQf nfu]sf] lyof] . To;kl5, ;g\ !(@) df hd{g
/;fogzf:qL xd{g :6'g/n] …Dofqmf] df]n]So'nÚ -lxhf]cfhsf]
…kf]lnd/Ú_ kQf nufP . o;sf nflu pgn] ;g\ !(%#
df /;fogzf:qsf] gf]a]n k'/:sf/ klg xft kf/]sf lyP . kf]lnd/sf]
cfljisf/kl5 g} cfd hghLjgdf Knfli6ssf] k|j]z x'gyfNof] . kf]lnOyfOlng
-kLO_, kf]lnk|f]kfOlng -kLkL_, kf]lnOyfOlng 6]/]Kyfn]6 -k]]6_, kf]lnlegfOlng
Snf]/fO8 -kLeL;L_, kf]ln:6fOl/g -kLP;_, kf]lnsfjf]{g]6 -kL;L_ h:tf
kf]lnd/x¿df snl/Ë Ph]06, Knfl:6;fOh;{, PG6L–clS;8]G6,
n'la|s]l6Ë Ph]06, :6]ljnfOh;{h:tf ljleGg …Pl8l6E;Ú
yk]kl5 dflg;n] k|of]u ug]{ Knfli6s aGb5 .
Knfli6s pBf]usf] b|'t ljsf; bf];|f] ljZjo'4kl5 x'gyfn]sf]
xf] . ;g\ !(^) df cd]l/sL /;fogzf:qL lnof] x]lG8«s Aofs]Nof08n]
klxnf] k6s l;Gy]l6s Knfli6s kQf nufP . To;kl5 wft'sf ux|f}F
;fdfgsf] 7fpF Knfli6ssf xn'sf ;fdfgn] lngyfn] . z'?z'?df wft'af6
agfOg] ;]ˆ6L x]Nd]6, pRr tfkqmddf k|of]u ul/g] a:t'x¿
cfhsn Knfli6saf6} aG5g\ . ;g\ !(%# df hd{g /;fogzf:qL sfn{
lhUn/n] kf]lnOyfOlngsf] ljsf; u/] nuQ} csf]{ jif{ O6flnog /;fogzf:qL
lulnof] gf6fn] kf]lnk|f]kfOlngsf] cfljisf/ u/], h'g lxhf]cfh ;a}eGbf
a9L k|of]u x'g] Knfli6s x'g\ . o;sf nflu pgLx¿nfO{ ;g\
!(^# sf] /;fogzf:qtkm{sf] gf]a]n k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
clxn] klg j}1flgsx¿ Knfli6saf/] gofFgofF cWoog÷cg';Gwfg
ul//x]sf 5g\ . /, xfjfdf p8\g]b]lv kfgLdf t}l/g] / hldgdf lxF8\g];Ddsf
k|of]hgdf pkof]u x'g] Knfli6ssf ;fdfg k|of]u ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
k|fs[lts tyf l;Gy]l6s cuf{lgs df]n]So'n -c0f'_ af6
lgld{t Knfli6snfO{ b'O{ efudf afF8\g ;lsG5M …ydf]{Knfli6S;Ú
/ …ydf]{;]l6ª\U;Ú . ydf]{Knfli6S;nfO{ tfkqmd
lbP/ nuftf/ g/d agfpg / gofFgofF cfsf/ lbg ;lsG5 eg] ydf]{;]l6ª\U;
ju{df kg]{ Knfli6s s8f x'g] x'gfn] o;nfO{ ttfP/ Psrf]l6 dfq lglZrt
cfsf/df 9fNg ;lsG5 . d]nfdfOg, 6]lnkmf]g ;]6, lah'nLsf Knux¿
o;}af6 aG5g\ . oLafx]s …Onf:6f]d;{Ú ;d"xdf
kg]{ tlGsg] vfnsf nrsbf/ Knfli6s klg k|rngdf 5g\ .
xfd|f] b}lgs hLjgdf ydf]{Knfli6S;sf] w]/} k|of]u
x'G5 . kLO, kLeL;L, kLP;, kLkL, k]]6, kL;L Knfli6sx¿
lxhf]cfh dflg;sf b}lgs Jojxf/df s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf k|of]u eO/x]sf
x'G5g\ . xflgsf/s gePsf]n] ;a}eGbf a9L k|of]u kLOs} x'G5 .
3/]n' efF8fs'F8fx¿ afN6L, hu, hls{g, ;lkª Jofu, b"wsf]
Kofs]6, vfg]t]nsf Kofs]6, wf/fsf 6'6L, kfOk, kfgL6\ofÍL,
sG6]g/, cf}iflwsf s]xL af]tn÷Kofs]6, cflb kLO Knfli6saf6
aG5g\ . of] ;a}eGbf ;:tf] Knfli6s xf] . To:t} kLkLaf6
klg nueu kLO Knfli6ss} h:tf ;fdfgx¿ agfOG5 . tfk cln
vKg ;Sg] / s8f vfnsf] x'g] x'Fbf o;af6 l;Gy]l6s sfk]{6 klg tof/
ul/G5 . k]]6af6 w]/}h;f] xNsf k]o kbfy{, ldg/n jf6/, vfg]t]nsf
af]tnx¿ tof/ ul/G5 . lgdf{0f k|ljlw ;lhnf] ePsf]n] o;sf]
k|of]u klg a9]sf] 5 .
kLeL;Ldf x'g] Snf]l/gsf] sf/0f of] cln xflgsf/s dflgG5 .
o;nfO{ hnfpFbf …8fOclS;gÚ /;fog cfpF5, h'g :jf:Yosf
nflu xflgsf/s x'G5 . To;}n] ;g\ !(^) b]lv !(&% ;Dd ;a}eGbf
a9L k|of]u ePsf] of] Knfli6ssf] 7fpF clxn] kLOn] lnPsf] 5 .
xflgsf/s eGbfeGb} klg kfOk, rKkn, h'Qf, ;nfOg lbg] OG6«fe]g;
kfOk, e'OFdf cf]5\ofpg] 6f6, 6fon, lah'nL÷6]lnkmf]gsf tf/,
g]d6\ofu cflb agfpg kLeL;L Knfli6ss} k|of]u x'G5 . vfBj:t'sf]
Koflsª, l8:kf]h]an Unf;, lk|mhleqsf] 6«]df k|foM kLP;
hftsf] Knfli6s k|of]u x'G5 . cln dxFuf] dflgg] kL;L Knfli6s
klg wft'sf efF8fs'F8f eGbf ;:t} x'G5g\ . !%) l8u|L ;]lN;o;
;Ddsf] tfkqmddf klg gkUng] ePsf]n] o;af6 b"wbfgL, s8f Knfli6s
Unf;, a'n]6 k|'km Unf; agfOG5 . x8\tfn÷h'n';df k|x/Ln]
cfˆgf] arfj6 ug{ k|of]u ug]{ Ans/ klg oxL hftsf] Knfli6saf6
aG5 .
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