cfj/0f

c:tJo:ttfsf aLr /fhfsf] ef/t e|d0f
s] kf] x'g] xf] Û

>L % sf] ef/t e|d0fM sxfFb]lv sxfF;Dd .

tl:a/M ls/0f kf08], u|flkmS;M ;'/]z/fh Gof}kfg]

@% dª\l;/sf] /fhb/af/sf] lj1lKtn] ;j{;fwf/0f gful/sb]lv zLtnlgjf; -k//fi6« dGqfno_ sf clwsf/Lx¿;DdnfO{ /fhfsf] ax'k|tLlIft ef/t e|d0fsf] ltly–ldlt to ePsf] hgfp lbof] . t/ s] p2]Zo lnP/ hfFb}5g\ /fhf ef/t Û e|d0fsf Ph]08f / sfo{qmd Pj+ To;af6 ul/Psf] ck]Iff s] xf] < o;af/]df s]xL atfOPsf] 5}g / atfpg ;Sg] lhDd]jf/ clwsf/L klg sf]xL 5}g . lsgeg], e|d0fsf] tof/L klxnf klxnf ‰}F k//fi6« dGqfnoaf6 geO{ /fhb/af/af6} eO/x]sf] 5 / To;df ;/sf/sf lgoldt s"6gLlts kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;§f /fhk|f;fb / hËL ;]jfsf cjsfz k|fKt JolQmx¿nfO{ ;+nUg u/fOPsf] 5 . kl/0ffdtM s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g– /fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfh / cfd hgtfnfO{ v'n:t gatfO{, ltgsf] /fo–;'‰fj, ljZjf; / ;fy gh'6fO{ o:tf] a]nfdf /fhf lsg lbNnL hfFb}5g\ eg]/ .

;a} dflg;x¿ e|d0fsf] p2]Zo / ;DefJo pknlAw÷ cg'knlAwsf af/]df cf–cfˆg} 9Ëaf6 cg'dfg / c8\sn sf6\g afWo ePsf 5g\ . sltkon] PSn} lxF8\g] /x/ / :jefjsf /fhfsf] of] sfo{z}nLnfO{ :jfefljs} 7fg]sf 5g\ eg] ljleGg kf6L{x¿ / /fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;gdf ;d]t dfcf]jfbL lx+;f / HofbtLaf6 qf0f kfpg g;s]sfx¿n] /fhfsf] ef/t e|d0faf6 rfdTsfl/s kl/0ffd cfpg] cfz ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . 3/ leqsf /fhgLlts / ;+j}wflgs ;d:ofx¿ g;'N6\ofP;Dd /fhf 1fg]Gb|nfO{ ;fy{s ;xof]u / ;fy lbg gofFlbNnLn] klg ;Sg] 5}g eGg] ;f]rfO s}of}Fdf kfOG5 . /fhfsf] e|d0f c;kmn jf b]zsf lglDt xflgsf/s kf] x'g] xf] ls eg]/ lrGtf hfx]/ ug]{x¿sf] ;ª\Vof klg cTolws e]l6G5 . To:tf] lrGtf ug]{x¿sf] b[li6df d'n's, ;/sf/ / /fhf :jo+ ;d]t cToGt sdhf]/ ePsf] cj:yfdf csf]{ /fi6«;Fu s'g} ;f}bf ug'{ hlxn] klg hf]lvdk"0f{ x'G5 . ;g\ !(%) sf] d}qL ;lGw xf];\ of sfnfkfgLdf ef/tLo kmf}h /fVg lbg] ;g\ !(^@ sf] ;xdlt– g]kfnsf zf;sx¿ cfˆgf] 3/ -d'n's_ df sdhf]/ ePsf] a]nfd} ;Dej t'NofOPsf lyP .

k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] bf]xgb]lv g]kfnnfO{ cfˆgf] ;'/Iff 5ftfleq kfg]{nufotsf ef/tLo dg;'jf a'‰]sf g]kfnLx¿ o;k6ssf] e|d0f To:tf uDeL/ lsl;dsf d'2f tkm{ hfg g;Sg] s'/fdf 9'Ss x'Fbfx'Fb} klg e|d0fsf ;DaGwdf ckgfpg nfluPsf] cToGt ckf/bzL{ k|lqmofsf sf/0f …gx'g'kg]{ s]xL eOxfNg] kf] xf] ls ÛÚ eg]/ zÍf ug{ afWo b]lvG5g\ .

• xl/ zdf{

;+of]u dfq klg x'g;S5Ù t/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/L /fhfnfO{ ;lqmo e"ldsf k|bfg ug]{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ /fhkl/ifb\n] s]Gb|Lo e]nfsf] lgx'Fdf p7fPsf] ax;sf] ;dfkg;Fu} /fhfsf] !! lbg] ef/t e|d0fsf] sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs ul/of] . o;n], !* c;f]h @)%( b]lv vnalnPsf] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf yk zÍf / cGof]n l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . lsgeg], …ef/t bflxgfÚ x'g'n] g]kfnsf /fhf, /fhg]tf, Jofkf/L, a'l4hLjL cflb x/]ssf] OR5f / sNkgfdf 7"nf] cy{ / :yfg /fV5 . /fhfsf] lr/k|tLlIft t];|f] ef/t e|d0fnfO{ klg oxL ;Gbe{df x]g'{kg]{ x'G5 . oxL *–!* k';, @)^! sf lglDt to ePsf] /fhfsf] e|d0fnfO{ g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts j[Qn] rflxF a9L g} ;+zosf ;fy x]/]sf] 5 .

/fi6«fWoIfsf] txdf a]nfa]nfdf x'g] /fhsLo e|d0fnfO{ b'O{ d'n'saLrsf] /fHo:t/Lo ;DaGwsf] lg/Gt/tfnfO{ alnof] / ;'dw'/ agfpg] ;Gbe{df x]l/G5 . o:tf e|d0fx¿ ;dosf] plrt cGt/fndf to ul/G5g\ . t/ /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] /fHof/f]x0fkZrft\, tLg jif{sf] ;fgf] cGt/fndf of] t];|f] ef/t e|d0f xf] . o;cl3 /fhfn] (–!$ c;f/, @)%( df ef/tsf] lbNnL, sf]nsftf / uf]xf6Lsf] tyf ^–!^ r}t, @)%( df gofFlbNnL / blIf0fsf zx/x¿ r]GgO{, tL?klt, uf]jf, hfdgu/, åf/sf, e'jg]Zj/ cflbsf] e|d0f u/]sf lyP .

ls/0f kf08]	uf}td bfxfn
>L % 1fg]Gb| .	ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL dgdf]xg l;+x .

tLg jif{leq} t];|f]k6s x'g nfu]sf] jt{dfg ef/t e|d0fnfO{ ;fdfGo /fhsLo e|d0fsf] ¿kdf dfq x]g{ ;lsFb}g . o;nfO{ ljutsf b'O{ e|d0f / g]kfn tyf ef/tdf xfn pTkGg kl/l:yltsf ;Gbe{df x]g'{ h?/L x'G5 . /fhfsf] klxnf] e|d0f, !( h]7, @)%* sf] b/af/ xTofsf08sf] Ps jif{kl5 ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . cfzf}rsfn ;lsPkl5 ul/Psf] elgPsf] Tof] e|d0f >L % 1fg]Gb|sf] klxnf] ljb]z e|d0f klg lyof] . To; e|d0fsf] p2]Zo /fhtGqsf] lg/Gt/tf, l5d]sLx¿;Fusf] ;b\efj / ;xof]usf] ck]Iff, gofF kl/l:yltaf/] ljrf/ cfbfgk|bfg / ef/tLo /fHo / hgtfnfO{ g]kfnL /fHosf] l:y/tf / lg/Gt/tfsf] cfef; lbg' /x]sf] x'g;S5 .

/fhfsf] bf];|f] ef/t e|d0f, /fHosf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/ cfˆgf] xftdf lng] !* c;f]h @)%( sf] sbdkl5 ePsf] lyof], h;sf] p2]Zo !* c;f]hsf] cfˆgf] sbd / To;kl5sf] /fhgLlts lqmofsnfkaf/] ef/tLox¿nfO{ :ki6 kfg'{' lyof] . /fhfsf] Tof] e|d0f d"ntM ef/tLo rf;f]sf sf/0f ePsf] lyof] . c;+nUg /fi6«x¿sf] lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf] ;Gbe{df dn]l;of k'u]sf tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb;Fu ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL c6nlaxf/L jfhk]oLn] dfcf]jfbL;Fu ePsf] ck|Toflzt o'4lj/fd / zflGtjftf{sf] yfngLsf af/]df ef/tLo g]t[Tj ;';"lrt gePsf] / g]kfndf a9\bf] klZrdL k|efjsf af/]df cfˆgf] lrGtf JoQm u/]sf lyP . /fhfåf/f dgf]gLt k|wfgdGqL rGb ef/tsf] To:tf] rf;f] / lh1f;f d]6fpg c;Ifd ePkl5 ef/tLo k|wfgdGqLn] g]kfnsf /fhf;Fu ef/td} e]6]/ k|ToIf jftf{ ug]{ …ljZjf;Ú JoQm u/]sf lyP . jfhk]oLsf] ToxL ljZjf; cg'?k /fhfsf] bf];|f] ef/t e|d0f tTsfn} ;Dej klg eof] .

/fhfsf] bf];|f] ef/t e|d0fkl5 g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf s'g} pNn]Vo ptf/r9fj jf km]/abn cfPsf] 5}g . k|foM ;a} If]qdf oyfl:ylt sfod 5 . ta, k|:tfljt t];|f] e|d0fsf] cf}lrTo / cfjZostf s] x'g ;S5 < ef/tLo kIfn] o; e|d0fnfO{ s;/L lnPsf] 5 < bnx¿n] o;nfO{ s;/L lnG5g\ < oL ;a} k|Zgx¿n] cfufdL lbgsf] /fhgLlts ultljlwnfO{ s]xL g s]xL OlËt t cjZo g} ub{5g\ .

/fhfsf] t];|f] ef/t e|d0fsf] rrf{ ubf{, bf];|f] e|d0faf6 cfh;Dd cfOk'Ubf g]kfn / ef/tdf s] s:tf kl/jt{gx¿ eP / tL kl/jt{gn] b'O{ d'n'ssf] cfGtl/s / kf/:kl/s ;DaGwdf s:tf] k|efj kf¥of], ltgsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . o;df ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ kIfÙ g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg c‰} ePsf] 5}g, ;+j}wflgs ;Í6 oyfjt\ 5 / dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ‰g\ hl6n ePsf] 5 . ;+j}wflgs ;Í6sf] k|Zgdf ef/tsf] cf}krfl/s b[li6sf]0f …/fhf / k|hftflGqs zlQmsf] ;xsfo{ x'g'k5{Ú eGg] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbL ;d:of g]kfnsf] …cfGtl/s ;d:ofÚ af6 p7]/ b'O{ d'n'ssf] ;'/Iff / :yfloTjsf] ljifo aGg k'u]sf] 5 . ljZjJofkL cftÍjfb lj?4sf] cd]l/sL sf/afxL / ;f]rfOdf g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 klg hf]l8g cfPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL hgo'4n] :yfgLo, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o rf;f] kfPsf] 5 . To:tf] rf;f]s} sf/0f, cftÍjfbsf] gfddf g]kfn ;}lgsLs/0f dfq xf]Og, ;}Gojfbsf] e'd/Ldf kmF;]sf] 5 . ljsf;, lgdf{0f, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs If]q ;a}nfO{ åGå / To;af6 l;lh{t cy{–/fhgLltn] ‰g\–‰g\ hs8\b} nu]sf] 5 .

o;}aLr, ef/tdf ;/sf/ kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . lxGb" /fi6«jfbL ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{sf] 7fpFdf ;fk]IftM …;]So'n/Ú -wd{lg/k]If_ ef/tLo /fli6«o sfª\u|];n] g]t[Tj u/]sf] ;+o'Qm k|ultzLn ;/sf/ cfPsf] 5 . To;nfO{ ;Qf aflx/af6 sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x¿n] ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ . ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL dgdf]xg l;+x / pgsf] u7aGwg ;/sf/sf] ljb]z gLlt l5d]sL /fi6«x¿;Fusf] ;DaGw ;'wf/sf] kIfdf x'g]5 eGg] cfwf/df g} ef/tLo k//fi6«dGqL sF'j/ g6j/ l;+xn] klxnf] ljb]z e|d0fsf lglDt g]kfn /f]h]sf lyP . cflwsfl/s ¿kdf ToxL e|d0fdf ef/tLo /fi6«kltsf tkm{af6 l;+xn] /fhfnfO{ ef/t e|d0fsf] lgDtf lbPsf lyP . ef/tLo lgDtfnfO{ gf/fo0flx6Ln] ;xif{ :jLsf/ u/L uPsf] ebf}–c;f]hd} ef/t e|d0fsf lglDt pT;'stf b]vfPsf] lyof] . t/ To;a]nfsf] rlr{t k|;Ë dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;Defljt ;xof]u h'6fpg] k|Zg / cfˆgf] ;Qf u7aGwg alnof] kfg]{ cft'/tfsf sf/0f k|wfgdGqL b]pjf cfkm}F lbNnLlt/ bf}l8P / /fhfsf] e|d0fnfO{ k5fl8 3r]l6lbP . To;kl5 ljleGg sf/0f bzf{P/ ef/tLo kIfn] /fhfnfO{ ;do lbPg .

o;aLrdf b'O{ k6s;Dd e|d0fsf] ;do s/La s/La ldNg] eP/ klg e|d0fsf] dxŒj / pkfb]otfaf/] ef/tLo kIf cfZj:t x'g g;Sbf ltly to x'g ;s]g . dª\l;/sf] t];|f] ;ftfsf lglDt ef/tn] to u/]sf] e|d0f sfo{qmdsf] cjlw Hofb} 5f]6f] -tLg lbg]_ ePsf] egL b/af/n] g} c:jLsf/ u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . *–!* k';sf] ldlt / e|d0fsf lglDt 5flgPsf :yfg g]kfn b/af/n] OR5fPadf]lhd x'g\ eGg] ef/tLo kIfsf] egfO 5 .

ls/0f kf08]

g6j/ l;+x .

of] e|d0fsf] cGtlg{lxt p2]Zo, /fhfn] e]6\g] JolQm / 3'Dg] :yfgsf af/]df clGtd 6'Ëf] nflug;s]sf] atfOG5 . o;sf lglDt b/af/sf] cfˆg} ;+oGq kl/rflnt ePsf] 5 . k//fi6« dGqfnonfO{ ;fdfGo la|lkmª / lzi6frf/ ;DaGwL u[xsfo{df ;Lldt /flvPsf] 5 . o; e|d0faf6 b/af/n] /fv]sf] cGtlg{lxt cfsf+Iff k"/f x'g dGqfno afws aGg ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ To;f] ul/Psf] x'g;S5 . e|d0fsf] tof/Lsf lglDt ePsf k"j{ k|of; / ;"rgfx¿n] klg o:t} cfzÍfnfO{ k'li6 u5{g\ .

cfhsf] kl/jlt{t /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o s"6gLlts kl/j]zdf e|d0fx¿sf] kl/efiff / ltgsf] :t/ 5'6\ofpg ;lhnf] 5}g . sltko s"6gLlts e|d0fx¿ t s'g} kl/efiffdf klg gkg{ ;S5g\ . t/ ;fdfGotof /fhglos e|d0fx¿ /fhsLo, cf}krfl/s, sfo{e|d0f -jls{ª lelh6_ / cgf}krfl/s jf JolQmut÷lghL x'g] u5{g\ . /fhfsf] jt{dfg e|d0f k"0f{ /fhsLo geO{ cf}krfl/s elgPsf] 5 . /fhsLo h:t} cf}krfl/s e|d0fx¿sf] sfo{qmd klg ;Da4 b]zsf ;/sf/L kIfx¿sf] ;xsfo{af6 to ug]{ ul/G5 . ;'/Iffsf] b[li6sf]0fn] cl3Nnf] lbg dfq e|d0fsf] lj:t[t sfo{qmd k|;fl/t ug]{ rng 5 . t}klg /fhfsf] k|:tfljt e|d0fsf ;DaGwdf lglZrt cg'dfg s] ug{ ;lsG5 eg] pgn] lbNnLdf ef/tLo /fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqL, k|ltkIfL bnsf g]tf, u[xdGqL, /IffdGqL, ;efd'v, k//fi6« ;lrj / ef/tLo pRrkb:y clws[tx¿nfO{ e]6\g]5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm /fhfn] o;cl3 efhkf;Fu agfPsf] lxGb'TjjfbL ;DaGw v]/ uPsf] x'Fbf ToxfFsf] gofF /fhgLlts g]t[Tj / ;d'bfo;Fu ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ yk ;lqmo x'g'kg]{5 . jfdkGyL k|efj alnof] ePsf u}/ /fhgLlts rl/qsf] ef/tLo ;/sf/;Fu ;DaGw ufF:g /fhb/af/nfO{ ;lhnf] x'g] 5}g .

ef/tLo ;|f]t / g]kfnL clwsf/Lx¿sf cg';f/ /fhfn] o;k6s g]kfn;Fu ;Ldf hf]l8Psf ef/tLo /fHo / ltgsf /fhwfgLx¿sf] e|d0f ug]{ elgPsf] 5 . ljutdf h:tf], o;k6ssf] e|d0f ;"rLdf tLy{:ynx¿ kfl/g] ;Defjgf b]lvFb}g . * k';df lbNnLaf6 z'? x'g] of] e|d0f !) k';df pQ/f~rnsf] /fhwfgL b]x/fb'g / To;kl5 qmdzM nvgpm / k6gf x'Fb} sf]nsftfdf k'u]/ 6'lËg]5 . e|d0fsf] cfGtl/s u[xsfo{ / ;b:osf] rog cS;/ b/af/af6} x'g] x'Fbf of] e|d0f bndf sf] sf] 5g\ eGg] s'/f e|d0f6f]nL sf7df8f}Faf6 p8\g] a]nfdf dfq yfxf x'g]5 . tyflk, /fhkl/jf/ / /fhfsf ljZjf;kfqx¿ dfq /xg] s'/f rflxF :ki6 g} 5 . ;|f]tsf cg';f/ o;k6ssf] e|d0f bndf b/af/sf cjsfzk|fKt kfZj{jtL{ -P8L;L_ / ;]jflgj[Q k|wfg ;]gfklt Pj+ hg/nx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ nfluPsf] kIf ljz]if Wofg lbg of]Uo 5 .

/fhfsf] cfsf+Iff / ef/tLo ck]Iff
s]xL ;ftfcl3 g]kfn e|d0fdf cfPsf cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u dfldnf ;DaGwL a]nfotL /fHodGqL;Fu /fhfn] cfkm" yk ;lqmo x'g rfx]sf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 To;n] sf7df8f}Fsf] /fhgLlts j[Qdf uDeL/ dxŒj kfPsf] 5 . /fhfsf] yk ;lqmotfsf] lglDt /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o cg'df]bg k|fKt ug{ b/afl/ofx¿ rnfodfg klg ePsf 5g\ . xfn} ;DkGg /fhkl/ifb\sf] e]nfdf ljz]if ;lqmo /x]sf k"j{ k|wfg ;]gfklt ;lRrtzdz]/n] gofFlbNnL k'u]/ ef/tLo clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ /fhfsf] ;lqmotfsf lglDt dgfpg u/]sf] k|of; c;kmn ePsf] va/ kqklqsfd} cfO;s]sf] 5 .

!* c;f]h @)%( kl5sf] kl/l:yltdf, /fhf 1fg]Gb| cfˆgf] / b/af/sf] ;xL k|ltlglwTj k|wfgdGqL, dGqL jf c¿ s;}n] xf]Og, cfkm}Fn] ug]{ s'/fdf cl8u b]lvPsf 5g\ . zfob, /fhfnfO{ c¿af6 cfˆgf] ;fWo k'/f gx'g] nfu]/ g} cfkm}F cu|;/ x'g sl:;Psf x'g\ .

t/ ;lqmo /fhtGq rnfpg] /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] rfxgf kl/k"lt{ x'g] l:ylt cfh d'n'sdf 5}g . Ps t, /fh;+:yf /fi6«sf s]xL …l;DanÚ x¿ dWo]sf] Pp6f l;Daf]n -k|tLs_ dfq xf] . To;dfly cfhsf k|lt:kwL{ bnx¿;Fusf] ;fk]Ifdf /fhtGq s;}u/L klg k|ltlglwd"ns 7xg{ ;Sb}g . o:tf] l:yltdf nf]stflGqsk4lt ljk/Lt uP/ /fhf 1fg]Gb|;Fu s'g} b"/ufdL ;D‰f}tf ug{ ef/tn] klg b'O{k6s ;f]Rg'kg]{ x'G5 . of] k|;Ëdf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGqk|ltsf] wf/0ffaf6 st} ef/t ljrlnt t x'g] 5}g eg] k|Zg klg p7]sf] 5 . t/ ljutsf cg'ejsf] cfwf/df w]/} nf]slk|otf gePsf /fhf 1fg]Gb|dfly e/ k/]/ g]kfn;Fu grflxFbf] ljjfbdf km:g ef/t tof/ x'g] ;Defjgf / ;Í]t sd;]sd cfh;Dd b]lvPsf] 5}g .

g]kfnL /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] cfk;L tgfj / ljefhgn] g]kfnL /fhgLlt cGof]nu|:t ePsf] / ltgsf] st{Joljd'vtfn] ubf{ /fhfsf] l:ylt alnof] x'g k'u]sf] ljZn]if0f clwsf+z ef/tLo g]tf / clwsf/Lx¿sf] 5 . ef/tsf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgf / ljleGg Ph]G;Lx¿aLrsf] tfnd]nsf] ;d:ofn] ubf{ klg g]kfnk|ltsf] ef/tLo b[li6sf]0fdf Ps?ktf kfpg sl7g x'G5 . ToxfFsf Psy/L g]tf / ljZn]ifs /fhfsf] ckl/xfo{tf b]V5g\ eg] csf{y/L /fhf / kf6L{x¿sf] ;fd~h:onfO{ cTofjZos 7fGb5g\ . /fhf / kf6L{ b'j}nfO{ c;kmn 7fGg] wf/ klg ef/tdf k|efjzfnL 5 . o:t} cfwf/df g]kfnaf6 ef/tn] cfˆgf] lxt cg's"nsf] Jojxf/ / ;xof]u vf]lh/x]sf] 5 .

clxn]sf] h:t} g]]kfnsf] cfGtl/s /fhgLlt vNalnPsf] a]nfdf, ;g\ ^) sf] bzsdf xftxltof/ v/Lb, sfnfkfgL cflb ;}Go k|of]hgsf ;D‰f}tf, ;xdltx¿ ePsf lyP . st} PSnf] / sdhf]/ /fhf, ljrlnt /fhgLlts bnx¿ / g]kfnL ;dfh t/n ePsf] k[i7e"lddf g]kfnk|lt ef/t s7f]/ t x'g] xf]Og < /fHo ;+oGq, /fhgLlt / ;dfh vNalnPsf] l:yltdf o:tf zÍf, pkzÍf pAhg' :jfefljs x'G5 . xf]Ù zÍf, pkzÍfs} e/df s'g} klg kl/l:yltsf] ;xL ljZn]if0f x'g ;Sb}g, if8\oGqsf] cfFvfaf6 pAh]sf] ljZn]if0fn] s;}sf] lxt klg ub}{g . t/ klg /fhgLlt÷s"6gLltsf ;Defjgfx¿ olt Jofks x'G5g\, ;d:of÷kl/l:yltnfO{ a'´g / lg/fs/0f ug{ cGttM ;a}vfn] ljZn]if0fn] ;xof]u g} k'¥ofpF5g\ .

k|:tfljt e|d0fsf] l;nl;nfn] km]l/ klg /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] b/af/sf] ckf/blz{tfnfO{ ;Í]t ub{5 . lsgeg] b]zsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ x'g nfu]sf] cf}krfl/s e|d0faf/] hgtfnfO{ ;"lrt ug]{ s'g} klg cflwsfl/s ;|f]t 5}g . /, ;a}n] c8\snafhLd} ljZn]if0f / cg'dfg ug'{k/]sf] 5 .

/fhfsf] cf;Gg e|d0fsf nflu ;dfj]z ePsf :yfgx¿nfO{ g]kfnsf] t/fO{ / To;;Fu hf]l8Psf ef/tLo k|b]zx¿sf] ljsf;k|lt otf cfP/ b'j} d'n'sdf p7\g yfn]sf] efjgfsf] k|ltkmnsf ¿kdf klg x]g{ ;lsG5 . t/fO{df dfcf]jfbLsf] lj:tf/ / To;af6 ef/tLo If]qdf k/]sf] jf kg{ ;Sg] k|efjk|lt ef/tLox¿nfO{ cfZj:t kfg{ To; If]qsf] e|d0f to ul/Psf] xf] eg] To;nfO{ klg ts{;Ët g} dfGg'k5{ . oxL k|fb]lzs ;Gbe{nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ s]xL ljZn]ifsx¿n] e|d0f bndf ;fd]n x'g] /fhfsf s]xL ljZjf;kfq ;b:ox¿dfkm{t\ dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;Dks{ :yflkt x'g] c8\sn klg sf6]sf 5g\ . t/ of] c;Dej geP klg cJojxfl/s rflxF xf], lsgeg] /fhf cfˆgf] e|d0f cjlwe/ ef/tLo ;'/Iff dftxtdf g} e|d0f ug]{5g\ . /, cfkm"n] …cftÍsf/LÚ 7x¥ofPsf JolQm;Fu cfˆg} e"lddf g]kfnsf /fi6«fWoIfnfO{ e]6 u/fpg' jf x'g lbg' ef/tsf nflu Jojxf/tM ;Dej x'Fb}g .

cfˆgf pRr g]tf jf kbflwsf/Lx¿ ef/t e|d0fdf hfFbf g]kfnLx¿n] ;'tf{ ug]{ / rf;f] /fVg] k|d'v ljifo ;'/Iff / g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] bf]xg;Fu ;DalGwt x'g] u5{ . cfly{s nufgL, ljsf; lgdf{0f / hn;|f]tsf] pkof]usf] ;jfndf ef/tn] hlxn] klg ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]G6Lsf s'/f p7fpg] u/]sf] 5 . oL ljifo ;+j]bgzLn / b"/ufdL c;/ kg]{ k|s[ltsf ePsf sf/0f logdf v'n]/ 5nkmn x'g;Sg] ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f g} clxn] 5}g . t/ klg g]kfnLx¿ o;df ;ts{ eO;s]sf 5g\ .

;}lgs ;xof]usf ;DaGwdf s]xL ;docl3 g]kfnsf k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] ef/t e|d0fsf a]nfdf 5nkmn ePs} s'/fx¿nfO{ k'gk'{li6 ul/g]5 . dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf] /fhgLlts ;dfwfgsf nflu ljrf/ ljlgdo cjZo x'g]5 . xfn} sf7df8f}Fdf ;DkGg o'/f]k]nL u}/;/sf/L zflGtsfdL ;+:yf …kujf;Ú sf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] k[ystfjfbL sflZd/L x'l/{ot g]tfx¿ ;d]tn] efu lnPsf] ef/t–kfls:tfg u}/;/sf/L j}slNks s"6gLlt …6«Øfs 6'Ú sf ;Gbe{df st} eljiodf lbNnLdf dfcf]jfbL / g]kfnL kIfx¿sf aLr lgof]lht e]6jftf{ z'? x'g;Sg] t xf]Og eGg] lh1f;f klg p7]sf] 5 .

s]xL jif{otf dfcf]jfbL lx+;f / ;lqmo x'g] /fhfsf] dxŒjfsf+Iffaf6 u|l;t g]kfnL k|hftGq / /fhgLltnfO{ lgofNbf /fhf / ;]gf ;a}eGbf ljjflbt ;+:yf ePsf 5g\ . lx+;f–k|ltlx+;fsf] /fhgLltdf oL b'j} ;+:yf v/f] pqg g;s]sf] l:yltdf, g]kfnL /fhgLlt / ;dfhsf] ljrngsf] ;Dk"0f{ bf]if bnx¿nfO{ dfq nufpg' cfkm}Fdf b'ef{Uok"0f{ x'G5 . ef/tnufot cGo b]zx¿n] of] tYonfO{ gh/cGbfh ubf{ g]kfnL ;dfhk|lt 3f]/ cGofo x'G5 . ;+j}wflgs c8\rgsf] kl/j]zdf /fhfsf] ;lqmotfsf] rfxgf / ef/tLo ;xof]usf] ck]Iff / e"ldsf g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwsf lglDt cfh;Ddsf] ;a}eGbf ufx|f] k|Zg eP/ plePsf] 5 . t;y{ ef/tn] o; e|d0fsf qmddf / pgL;Fusf] Jojxf/df …;lqmo /fhtGqÚ sf] cjwf/0ff /fVg] /fhf 1fg]Gb|nfO{ …;+j}wflgs /fhfÚ s} e]ifdf dfq x]g'{ / a'´g' h?/L 5 . cGoyf cNkufdL ;dfwfgsf] nflu of] e|d0fdf d"ne"t tyf /fli6«o d'2fx¿df s'g} ;D‰f}tf g} x'guPsf] v08df To;n] g]kfnL nf]stGqnfO{ afwf kfg]{ dfq geO{ g]kfnL hgtfdf l5d]sLsf k|lt ;d]t ljt[i0ff hufpg] cj:yf klg l;h{gf x'g ;Qm5 .