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vfg 5}g s;/L lbg' rGbf <

b'O{5fs vfg wf}–wf} kg{] u/LanfO{ ;d]t aGb"s b]vfP/ xhf/f}F rGbf dfUg] dfcf]jfbL HofbtLsf sf/0f klZrd t/fO{sf ufpFn] ls;fgx¿ ef/t knfog ug{ cyjf ;z:q k|ltsf/ ;ldltdf ;fd]n x'g afWo x'Fb}5g\ .• uf}/a/fh pkfWofo

• h]aL k'gdu/

tl:a/x¿ h]aL k'gdu/

dfcf]jfbLn] kl5Nnf b'O{ dlxgfotf /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf nflu ;xof]u dfUg …ljz]if rGbf cleofgÚ yfn]kl5 klZrd t/fO{sf vf;u/L ufpFa:tLdf yk cftÍ km}lnPsf] 5 . sd{rf/L, pBf]uL–Jofkf/L dfq xf]Og …e/] s] vfg]Ú cj:yfsf u/La / ls;fgx¿ ;d]t dfcf]jfbLsf] clgjfo{ rGbf cleofgaf6 ;tfOg yfn]sf 5g\ . vf;u/L gjnk/f;L, ?kGb]xL, / slkna:t'df dfcf]jfbLsf] of] HofbtL a9L 5 . gjnk/f;Lsf s]xL ufpFx¿df o;sf] k|ltsf/ z'? ePsf] 5 eg] ?kGb]xL / slkna:t'sf ;of}F kl/jf/ ef/t knfog ePsf 5g\ .

a'6jn ahf/df dhb'/L u/]/ hLljsf rnfpg] u'7L, ;"o{k"/fsf bL3{gf/fo0f s]j6;Fu dfcf]jfbLn] ?=^) xhf/ / !) SjLG6n wfg rGbf dfu] . s]j6n] C0f vf]h]/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ?=!) xhf/ / s]xL rfdn a'‰fP/ cfˆgf] Hofg hf]ufP . ?kGb]xLsf] v}/]gLaf6 ckx/0f ul/Psf gjnk/f;L, klSnxjf uflj;sf /fdhLk|;fb hf]zL, ho/fd kf;L / d'/f/L kxndfgdWo] klxnf b'O{ hgfnfO{ tLg lbgkl5 5fl8of] eg] d'/f/LnfO{ ?=! nfv ^) xhf/ rGbf a'‰fpg] zt{df @@ lbgkl5 d'Qm ul/of] . d'/f/L eG5g\, æd}n] Hofg t hf]ufpg} k¥of] eg]/ 5 s¶f hldg a]r]/ ?=! nfv ^) xhf/ lt/]F .Æ kl5 ;Zf:q k|ltsf/ ;ldlt klSnxjfsf pkfWoIf aGg k'u]sf kxndfg eG5g\, æd;Fu s]xL 5}g . 8/n] >LdtL / 5f]/f5f]/L ef/t uP/ a;]sf 5g\ .Æ

?kGb]xL t]g'xjfsf df]xDdb :nfd;Fu ?=@ nfv rGbf dfu]kl5 pgL klg !) hgfsf] kl/jf/;lxt ef/tsf] l;4fy{gu/, gf}u9df al;/x]sf 5g\ . pgsf cg';f/, dfcf]jfbLsf] rGbf HofbtL ;xg g;s]/ sf]xL ;kl/jf/ a'6jn e}/xjf h:tf t'ngfTds ¿kdf ;'/lIft zx/tkm{ nfu]sf 5g\ eg] s]xL ef/t kl;/x]sf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\, æd]/f ldq d'hfs d';ndfg;Fu ?=@) xhf/ dfu], t/ ?=!) xhf/df s'/f ldnfP/ pgL ufpFd} al;/x]sf 5g\ . t/, d]/f b'O{ hgf kl/lrt ldqx¿;Fu ?=@%–@% xhf/ dfu]kl5 pgLx¿ ufpF 5f8\g] ls a:g] bf]wf/df 5g\ .Æ

dfcf]jfbL rGbfsf] cÍ lgwf{/0f a'l‰g;Sg' 5 . pgLx¿n], slknj:t' lglUnxjf uflj;sf lgjt{dfg pkfWoIf cAb'n /l;b;Fu ?=! nfv dfu] . sfª\u|]; k|hftflGqssf sfo{stf{ /l;bn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ?=@% xhf/ a'‰fP/ yfdy'd kf/]sf 5g\ . lglUnxjf ^ sf k|x/L hjfg k|e' s]j6;Fu ?=!) xhf/ dfluPsf]df pgn] ?=% xhf/ a'‰fP/ cfh;Dd cfˆgf] Hofg ;'/lIft /fv]sf 5g\ . …ljz]if rGbf cleofgÚdf hf] ;'s}nfO{ klg tf]s]/} ?=% xhf/eGbf dfly dfluPsf] 5 . To:t}, gub afx]s ls;fg;Fu Ps lj3f hldg a/fa/ ;f9] rf/ kfyL wfg rGbf p7fOPsf] 5 .

Jofkf/L, Joj;foL ‰g\ dsf{df 5g\ . tf}lnxjfsf Jofkf/L s[i0faxfb'/ >]i7;Fu ?=% nfv, u0f]z u'Ktf;Fu ?=# nfv / ab|L u'Ktf;Fu 8]9 nfv cÍ tf]s]/ dfluPsf] 5 . To:t} gfd atfpg grfxg] Ps Joj;foLsf] egfOdf, n'lDagLsf k|d'v xf]6nx¿ xf]s], a'4dfof / n'lDagL uf8]{g;Fu ?=*–* nfv dfluPsf] 5 . xf]6n Joj;foL ;"q eG5, æo;cl3 klg of] clGtd xf] eg]/ xfdLn] df]6f] /sd a'‰fPsf lyof}F, t/ ljz]if rGbfsf] gfddf clxn] km]l/ ?=*–* nfv dfu]kl5 of] Joj;fo xfdLnfO{ lgNg' g cf]sNg' ePsf] 5 .Æ

…clt ef]Ú
gjnk/f;Ldf dfcf]jfbLsf] eft[ ;Ë7g dw];L /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{n] rGbfsf gfddf hgtfn] lbg} g;Sg] /sd dfu]kl5 :yfgLo afl;Gbf ljb|f]xd} plqPsf 5g\ . 8/, s/ ann] pgLx¿n] eP;Ddsf] ;xof]u u/] t/ dfcf]jfbLsf] dfu o;/L a9\b} uof] ls hgtfn] Tof] y]Ug} ;s]gg\ . ;"o{k"/f uflj;sf lgjt{dfg cWoIf /fdcjtf/ sf]O/L eG5g\, ædfcf]jfbLn] ;fdfGo ls;fg ljZjgfy sf]O/L;Fu ?=@) xhf/ dfu] . ?=!) xhf/ t glbO{ x'Gg eg] . d;Fu ?=@) xhf/ dfu] . d]/f] 5ftLdf aGb's t]:of{pFb} ?=!) xhf/ glbP uf]nL xfG5f}F eg] . x'Fbfx'Fbf b'O{5fs vfg wf}–wf} kg{] u/La ls;fg;Fu klg ?=% xhf/ dfUg yfn] . Toqf] ?k}ofF sxfFaf6 lbg' < clg xfdL afWo eP/ k|ltsf/df pqg' k¥of] .Æ

dfcf]jfbL 5f8]/ k|ltsf/ ;ldltdf k;]sf d'b|Lsf s]jt .

;j{;fwf/0fsf] cfqmf]z b]v]/ x'g;S5 otf cfP/ dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjn] hgtfnfO{ cftlÍt kf/]/ hyfefjL k};f p7fpg] sfd cfkm"af6 gePsf] atfpg yfn]sf] 5 . dw];L /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf gjnk/f;L cWoIf /fh'k|;fb xl/hg eG5g\, æd'Ggf vfF h:tf] 8fFsfsf] 8/n] k|ltsf/df plqPsfx¿nfO{ xfd|f] lj?4 p7]sf] egL ;'/Iff lgsfo / s]xL gSsnL dfcf]jfbLx¿n] cfkm}F rGbf cftÍ dRrfP/ kf6L{ / df]rf{sf] 5lj laufg{ vf]h]sf x'g\ .Æ dfcf]jfbLn] rGbf cftÍ dRrfpg] …u2f/Ú sf] vf]hL eO/x]sf] atfPsf] 5 . t/, rGbf ljjfbs} sf/0f dfcf]jfbL 5f8]sf] atfpg] k"j{ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ ;Gt s'dL{ eG5g\, æklxnf hldGbf/x¿;Fu dfq rGbf p7fpg] s'/f ePsf] lyof] . kl5 u/Lax¿;Fu klg rGbf dfUg yfn]kl5 d}n] p7fpg ;lSbgF eg]/ ljb|f]x u/]sf] x'F .Æ

rGbfnufotsf HofbtL lj?4 gjnk/f;L klSnxjfsf] /tgu~hsf ufpFn]x¿n] dfcf]jfbL lj?4 ;Ël7t k|ltsf/ z'? u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf] ;Ël7t k|ltsf/ clxn] klSnxjf j/k/sf cfwf bh{g ufpFx¿df km}lnPsf] 5 . klSnxjf uflj;sf lgjt{dfg cWoIf lbg]z ofbjsf 5f]/f ;z:q k|x/L xjNbf/ bLk]Gb| ofbj 5'§Ldf cfPsf] df}sf 5f]k]/ ^ k';df dfcf]jfbL gjnk/f;Lsf hg;/sf/ k|d'v rLgs s'dL{sf] g]t[Tjdf cfPsf] ;d"xn] pgnfO{ xTof ug{ vf]h]kl5 dfcf]jfbL lj?4 ;Ël7t ljb|f]xsf] cfuf] ‰g\ ;lNsPsf] 5 . clxn] To; If]qsf ufpFn]x¿sf] Pp6} egfO 5 æHofbtL clt ef] .Æ

le8Gtdf clxn];Dd k/f;Lsf] o; If]qsf Ps bh{g gful/sn] Hofg u'dfO;s]sf 5g\ . kfFr hgf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;dft]/ k|zf;g;dIf a'‰fOPsf] 5 . dª\l;/sf] clGtd ;ftf /tgu~hdf cf]dk|sfz ltjf/Lsf] 3/df …Sof/]daf]8{Ú v]ln/x]sf ;ft dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ dfly ufpFn]n] ;fª\3flts xdnf u/] . s[ifs ?9L t]nL;Fu ?=#) xhf/ rGbf dfu]sf]df dfcf]jfbL gjnk/f;Lsf ;]S;g sdf08/ /d]z rf}w/Lsf] xTof ul/of] . ;f]xL lbg dfcf]jfbL Onfsf ;b:o uLtf kf}8]nnfO{ ;dft]/ k|zf;gdf a'‰fOof] . To;sf] ef]lnkN6 dfcf]jfbLsf kfFr sfo{stf{nfO{ u'7L k;f}{gL / j]8f}nLdf ;j{;fwf/0fn] nv]6]/ df/] . pgLx¿ a:g] y'k|} ;]N6/df cfuhgL ul/of] . k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf] bfaL cg';f/ To;} lbg df]6/;fOsndf rGbf p7fpg cfPsf kfFr dfcf]jfbLdWo] ;'/]z ofbj / /fs]z e/ ;"o{k"/f kfj/ xfp;g]/ :yfgLo k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿af6 dfl/P . kl5Nnf] k6s @% k';df :yfgLo j]8f}nL glhs Ps dfcf]jfbL ;dy{ssf] uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/of] . To;sf] abnfdf dfcf]jfbLn] :yfgLo k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf ;b:o e'hjfxf uflj;sf k"j{ cWoIf /fds[kfn u'KtfnfO{ # df3 /flt uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf 5g\ .

k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf k|d'v d'Ggf vfF eG5g\, æxfdLn] dfcf]jfbL / ltgsf ;dy{snfO{ cfTd;dk{0f u/L xfd|f] ;d"xdf cfpg elg/x]sf 5f}F . gcfpg]x¿ 3/ 5f8]/ efu]sf 5g\ . clxn];Dd @@ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ cfTd;dk{0f u/]/ xfdL;Fu lxF8]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] g} xfdLnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf uf]Ko hfgsf/L lbO/x]sf 5g\ .Æ

cf–cfˆgf] …ANofs lni6Ú
dª\l;/ clGtd ;ftfb]lv dfcf]jfbL / ufpFn] aLr rn]sf lx+;f–k|ltlx+;faf/] a'´g ( k'; @)^! df /tgu~h k'u]sf b'O{ bh{g dfgjclwsf/jfbL / kqsf/x¿ k|ltsf/ ;ldlt / ;]gfsf] sfnf] ;"rLdf k/]sf 5g\ . :ynut cWoogdf uPsf dfgjclwsf/jfbL / kqsf/sf] 6f]nL kms]{sf] /ft k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf cWoIf d'Ggf vfFsf] 3/df dfcf]jfbLn] ad ljikmf]6 u/fO{ 3/ Wj:t agfOlbP / k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf b'O{ ;b:osf] xTof u/] . ef]lnkN6 !) k';df 36gf cWoog ug{ uPsf kqsf/ / dfgjclwsf/jfbLsf] csf]{ 6f]nLnfO{ ;dft]/ ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ a'‰fOof] . o; qmddf gjnk/f;Lsf dfgjclwsf/sdL{ wg zdf{, s}nfz 7fs'/ / g;L/pNnfx cG;f/LnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]k nufOof] eg] kqsf/ dxf;+3 gjnk/f;Lsf ;efklt s[i0f sfsL{nfO{ ;z:q k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿n] Hofg dfg]{ wDsL lbP . clxn] To; If]qdf ;z:q k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf cWoIf d'Ggf vfFsf] cg'dlt lagf s;}nfO{ :ynut e|d0f ug{ lbOFb}g .

o; If]qdf o;cl3 dfcf]jfbL kLl8tx¿sf] Ps ;d"xn] slknj:t'df lk|td kf08]sf] g]t[Tjdf ;z:q k|ltsf/ ;ldlt u7g u/]sf lyP . dfcf]jfbL / pgLx¿aLr s]xL ;do v'gL ;+3if{ rn]sf] lyof] . clxn] gjnk/f;Lsf] blIf0f e]sdf b}lgs sfo{df lxF8\g] x/]s JolQmx¿nfO{ dfcf]jfbL / k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿n] cf–cfˆgf] ;'/Iff hfFr u/]/ x}/fg kfl//x]sf 5g\ .

ætL ef/tLo 8fFsf x'g\Æ
/fh'k|;fb xl/hg, cWoIf
dw];L /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, gjnk/f;L

dfcf]jfbL lj?4 hgtf ;z:q k|ltsf/df b]lvPsf 5g\, of] lsg eO/x]sf] 5 <
rGbf cftÍ / HofbtL xfdLdfly nufOPsf] cf/f]k dfq} xf] . k|ltsf/ ;ldltdf ;a} ef/tLo 8fFsf 5g\ . xfdLn] u'08fubL{ rNg glbPkl5 pgLx¿ k|zf;g;Fu ldn]/ k|ltsf/df plqPsf x'g\ .

t/, k|ltsf/ ;ldltdf lxhf]sf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ klg ;fd]n 5g\ lg <
klxnf], pgLx¿ d'Ggf vfF h:tf 8fFsf;Fu 8/fP/ Tof] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . bf];|f], klxnf xfd|f] kf6L{n] h;nfO{ kfof] To;nfO{ ;b:otf lbof], ltgLx¿ g} clxn] xfd|f] cfGtl/s s'/f k|zf;gnfO{ nu]/ lbg] / xfd|f lj?4 v8f x'g] b':;fx; ul//x]sf 5g\ .

u/LanfO{ ;d]t cÍ} tf]s]/ xhf/f}F ?k}ofF rGbf dfUg] sfd dfcf]jfbLaf6 eO/x]sf] 5 lg x}g <
gSsnL dfcf]jfbLn] Tof] ck/fw u/]sf x'g\ . xfdLn] To:tf lj?4 cfGtl/s sfjf{xL rnfO/x]sf 5f}F . xfdL clxn] …k|Tofqmd0fÚsf] r/0fdf 5f}F / To;sf nflu c¿ s'g} b]zn] ;xof]u gug]{ x'Fbf hgtf;Fu rGbf dfluPsf] xf], hah{:tL ul/Psf] 5}g .

b'j};Fu xltof/ 5g\, To;}sf] andf Ps–csf{nfO{ cfTd;dk{0f u/fpg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbL / k|ltsf/ ;ldltdf s] g} leGgtf /Xof] / <
xfdL ljrf/n] cfTd;dk{0f u/fO/x]sf 5f}F . aGb'ssf] 8/ t k|ltsf/ ;ldltn] b]vfO/x]sf] 5 . sxfF hgtfsf] nflu n8\g] xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{, sxfF pgLx¿ !)–!@ hgf 8fFsfx¿sf] n'6]/f ;d"x Û ;z:q eP klg xfd|f] kf6L{ / pgLx¿aLr /lQe/ t'ngf ug{ ldNb}g .

ædfcf]jfbL dxf8fFsf x'g\Æ
d'Ggf vfF, cWoIf
dfcf]jfbL k|ltsf/ ;ldlt, gjnk/f;L

ef/tLo k|x/Ln] kqmgsf nflu …df]:6 jfG6]8Ú 3f]if0ff u/]sf] JolQm tkfO{F ca g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbL;Fu le8\g yfNg'eP5
lg Û
d @)$) ;fndf ef/tLo cltqmd0f lj?4 g]kfnL /fli6«otf arfpg ;':tfdf n8]sf] JolQm x'F . To;}n] ef/tn] dnfO{ b'Zdg / 8fFsf b]Vg ;S5, t/ b]zsf] nflu d ;Rrf /fi6«eQm x'F . ;':tfdf n8]afkt :juL{o jL/]Gb| ;/sf/n] dnfO{ kbs klg lbOaS;]sf] 5 .

tkfO{Fsf] k|ltsf/ ;ldltnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] t …ef/tLo 8fFsfx¿sf] ;d"xÚ eGg] u/]sf] 5 lg <
u/Lasf] nflu /fhgLlt ug]{ eGg] pgLx¿ vfg gk'Ug] hgtf;Fu nfvf}F ?k}ofF dfU5g\, hUuf a]Rg nufP/ ePklg rGbf c;'N5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ s] eGg] < l;4fGt ;'g]/ xfdLn] klg s'g} a]nf pgLx¿nfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf lyof}F, ;]N6/ lbPsf lyof}F . t/, kl5Nnf] k6s cfP/ pgLx¿n] u/Lax¿;Fu rGbf c;'Ng], Hofg dfg]{, oftgf lbg] h:tf sfd ug{ yfn]sf]n] xfdL afWo eP/ k|ltsf/df pq]sf xf}F . u/La;Fu nfvf}F c;'n]/ 3/–hldg hf]8\g] dfcf]jfbLx¿ 8fFsf dfq} x}gg\, dxf8fFsf x'g\ .

tkfO{FnfO{ ef/t / g]kfnsf] k|zf;gn] k|ToIf–ck|ToIf ;xof]u lbO/x]sf] ;fFrf] xf] <
ef/tdf ddfly y'k|} d'2f 5g\ . t/, clxn] d]/f] sfdaf6 v'zL eP/ dflyNnf] txsf ef/tLo ;'/Iff clwsf/Ln] ddflysf] rfh{ x6fpg …xfOsdf08Ú df eg;'g ul/lbg] cfZjf;g lbPsf 5g\ . d]/f] g]t[Tjdf hgtfaf6 eO/x]sf] k|ltsf/n] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u k'lu/x]sf]n] p;n] ;xof]u glbg] eGg] k|Zg} p7\b}g .