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stf stf s] s] c;/ knf{ <
ef/tLo nf]s;efsf]
!$ cf}F r'gfjsf] glthfn] ;a}nfO{ cfZro{rlst agfof] . r'gfj
glthfn] cg'dfg–c8\sn ug]{ ;+:yfx¿sf] 5Ssf 5'6fOlbof] .
ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{ -efhkf_ sf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] /fli6«o k|hftflGqs
;d"x -Pg8LP_ n] s]jn !*% j6f ;L6 xfl;n u¥of], ptfkl§
sfª\u|];sf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] u7aGwgn] @!& ;L6 kfof] .
r'gfj glthf c8\sn ug]{ Ph]G;Lx¿n] Pg8LPn] @#) b]lv @&%
;L6 kfpF5 eg]sf]n], efhkf km]l/ ;/sf/ agfO{ b]z rnfpg sDd/ sl;/x]sf]
lyof] .
t/, ;a} cjfs\ eP . jfhk]oL k|wfgdGqL km]l/ x'G5g\
g} eGg] w]/}sf] cg'dfg lyof] . Pg8LPsf] æef/t rDsFb}5Æ
-Ol08of ;fOlgª_ gf/f cGtu{t s/f]8f}F ?k}ofFsf] lj1fkg, jfhk]oL
;/sf/n] NofPsf] cfly{s ;d[l4, kfls:tfg;Fusf] zflGt jftf{, ablnFbf]
/fhgLlts ;+:s[lt–jftfj/0f cflb x'Fbfx'Fb} klg efhkfn] s]jn
!#* ;L6 kfof] . sfª\u|];n] klg s]jn !$% ;L6 dfq} kfPsf]
ePtfklg, efhkf cfGw| k|b]z, u'h/ft, pQ/ k|b]z, laxf/ / tldngf8'df
3tnfUbf] k|sf/n] xf/]sf]n] p;nfO{ g}lts k/fho :jLsfg{ s/ nfUof] .
Pg8LP ;/sf/ lsg k/fho eof] t < efhkfn] If]qLo
/ u|fdL0f /fhgLltnfO{ nTofof], ;f]lgof ufGwLsf] …ljb]zL d"nÚ
nfO{ rflxg] eGbf Hofbf rsf{of], a"9f jfhk]oLdfly a9L e/ k¥of],
cfly{s ;'wf/n] NofPsf] ljsf; ufpF–a:tL–kxf8–sGb/f
gk'u]sf] / u'h/ftsf] ;fDk|bflos xTofsf08 cfn} /x]sf] h:tf s'/f la;{bf
pm ljkIfdf a:g afWo eof] . ;a}nfO{ b'Mv nfUof]– jfhk]oL
k|wfgdGqL x'g g;s]sf]df– Pp6f b"/bzL{, cg'ejL / lg0ff{os
g]tf .
of] gofF ;/sf/n]
cd]l/sfk|lt s:tf] gLlt cakgfpF5, To;}df lge{/ unf{ ef/t / blIf0f
Pl;ofsf /fi6«x¿ aLrsf] ;DaGw .
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nf]s;efsf r'gfjx¿ k|foM /fli6«o ljifoa:t'df
nl8g] ul/GYof] . t/, o; k6ssf] r'gfjn] :yfgLo / If]qLo d'2fnfO{
a9L dfqfdf cl3 Nofof] . o;} sf/0f If]qLo kf6L{x¿sf]
k|efj c‰} k|an eof] . csf]{lt/ o:t} k|j[lQsf] lzsf/ ag]
rGb|afa' gfo8' / P;Pd s[i0f . clxn];Dd Pp6f ultnf g]tf dflgPsf
cfGw| k|b]zsf sDKo'6/ ?rfpg] d'Vo dGqL gfo8"nfO{ k|hftflGqs
efO/;n] vn{Kk} vfof] .
;f]lgof ufGwLn] Hof]lt j;'‰}F k|wfgdGqL x'g
dflUbgF eg]/ csf]{ /fhgLlts rf}k6 cl3 NofOg\ . x'g] klg lsg <
rgf vfP/, lz/ vf}/]/, ljwjf‰}F ;]tf] ;f8L nufP/ ;+;b ejgsf]
cl3 pdf ef/tL / ;'ifdf :j/fhx¿ ljb]zL dlxnf k|wfgdGqL x'g'x'Fb}g
egL ult g} 5f8]/ nDk;f/ kl/lbP eg] s] ug]{ < To:tf] yf]q]
l:ylt / l3gnfUbf] k4ltsf] ;fdgf ug'{eGbf, k|wfgdGqLsf] kb g} g;Dxfn]sf]
/fd|f] xf]nf eG7flgg\ ;f]lgof ufGwLn] . k|hftGqn] ult5f8fnfO{
klg dfof g} u5{, clwsf/ / xs lbnfpF5 . b'MvnfUbf] s'/f] jfhk]oLn]
Ps zAb af]n]gg\, 6fpsf] xNnfpFb}, Rofk' aËfO/x] . ;f;"
/ cfˆg} >Ldfgsf] xTofn] klg ;f]lgof ufGwLnfO{ xNnfPs} xf] .
csf]{lt/ %$@ ;b:o ePsf] nf]s;efdf sfª\u|];sf] ;ª\Vof !$%
t xf] . t, km]l/ hglk|o cfkm"nfO{ s;/L 7fGg] <
dgdf]xg l;+x k|wfgdGqL ag] . Pp6f lj1 cy{zf:qL,
cfly{s ;'wf/sf k|0f]tf / ljZjn] lrg]sf s'zn k|zf;s . ef/t slt
efUodfgL– /fi6«klt / k|wfgdGqL b'j} kbdf clt g} lzlIft–cg'ejL
JolQmx¿ kfof] . t/ cg]sf}F kf6L{x¿ ldnL u7g ul/Psf]
o'gfO6]8 k|f]u|]l;e PnfoG; -o"kLP_ sf] ;/sf/ slt rNnf <
v]nf8Lx¿ w]/} ePsf] o; PnfoG;df nfn' ofbjb]lv lnP/ lza' ;f}/]g;Dd
;fldn 5g\ . jfdkGyL bnsf ^) eGbf a9L ;b:ox¿ ;/sf/b]lv
aflx/} a;]sfn] ;/sf/ logLx¿n] rflxF rnfpnfg\ h:tf] 5 .
3f]if0ff ul/Psf] ;f‰f Go"gtd sfo{qmddf jfdkGyLsf] Ph]08f
;Unf] cl3 cfPsf] 5 . !* ;b:o af]s]sL dfofjtL / #^ ;b:o vNtLleq
xfn]sf d'nfod l;+x ofbj r'k a:g] g]tfx¿ xf]Ogg\ . rfn
rNg z'? ul/;s]sf xf]nfg\ . nf]s;efsf !#& hgf ;b:ox¿
Pg8LP / o'kLP u7aGwgaf6 aflx/ 5g\ . logLx¿n] /ldtf dfq}
sxfF x]nf{g\ / <
;/sf/ rnfpg dgdf]xg l;+xnfO{ sd xDd] kg]{ 5}g .
sfª\u|]; kf6L{ leq} pgnfO{ dg gk/fpg] g]tfx¿ sd 5}gg\ .
kf6L{ / ;/sf/sf] ;dGjo Psfkl§, ;/sf/ / u7aGwgsf] d]nldnfk csf]{kl§
/ ljkIfLx¿sf] /fhgLlts if8\oGq rf/}kl§ Û t/ dgdf]xg
l;+xsf] 5lj, Oltxf; / JolQmut ;DaGwn] klg ;/sf/ cl3 a9\g ;S5 .
gofF ;/sf/sf] gLltdf s] slt x]/km]/ cfpnf, rf/}lt/ n]lvFb}5 / ljZn]if0f
x'Fb}5 . cfly{s ;'wf/leq} klg lgs} xnrn b]lvFb}5 .
o; ;/sf/sf] ljb]z gLltdf zfob gofF s]xL gxf]nf .
l5d]sL /fi6«x¿;Fu ;DaGw alnof] agfpg] k|lqmof hf/L
g} /xnf . kfls:tfg;Fu /fhgLltseGbf cGo ljifox¿df gLlt
lgwf{/0f xf]nf . t/ jfhk]oLsf] h:tf] cfF6 / pT;fxsf ;fy ef/tsf]
kfls:tfg–gLlt cl3 ga9\nf . lxGb'Tjsf] ;/sf/ :jfxf x'gf;fy,
lxGb'TjjfbLx¿dfkm{t\ /xL cfPsf] g]kfn g/]zsf]] ef/t;Fusf]
;DaGwsf] kvf{n etfe'Ë xf]nf . of] ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbLb]lv
lnP/ k|hftGq axfnL;Dd cs}{ dfu{ ckgfpg ;S5 / k5{ klg . t/ ef/tsf]
gf]s/zfxLn] o:tf] x'g b]nf < ;/sf/ hlt sdhf]/, gf]s/zfxL
plt k|r08 .
ef/t–rLg ;DaGwdf eg] c‰} Jofks k|ult b]vfknf{ .
/fhLj ufGwLn] ;g\ !(*& df rLg uO{ z'? u/]sf] k|lqmofnfO{, dgdf]xg
l;+xn] ?rfPsf] cfly{s PsLs/0fsf] cjwf/0ffn] w]/} cl3 a9fpg klg ;S5 .
cf8jf0fLsf] Oh/fontkm{sf] ulx/f] k|]d / a|h]z ld>sf] cd]l/sf;Fusf]
u7aGwgnfO{ of] gofF ;/sf/n] lgofn]/ x]nf{ . cd]l/sf;Fu 6fl9g'
eg]sf] blIf0f Pl;ofdf a9\b} uPsf] cd]l/sL dgf]dfgLdfly efnf xfGg'
xf] . sfª\u|];n] g} xf], O/fsdf cd]l/sL u7aGwg cGtu{t
ef/tLo ;]gf k7fpgdf 3f]/ lj/f]w u/]sf] .
cd]l/sfn] ;a}nfO{ cGof]ndf kf5{, r]kf/f]df xfN5 /
lge{/ agfpF5 . cd]l/sL n8\8' h;n] vfG5, Tof] k5'tfpF5 / h;n]
vfg kfpFb}g pm klg k5'tfpF5 . o:t} eO/x]sf] 5, g]kfndf .
ef/t 3/L ljjz 5, s]xL gug{ kfPsf]df . of] gofF ;/sf/n] cd]l/sfk|lt
s:tf] gLlt ckgfpF5, To;}df lge{/ unf{ ef/t / blIf0f Pl;ofsf /fi6«x¿
aLrsf] ;DaGw .
lxGb'TjjfbLx¿dfkm{t\
/xL cfPsf] g]kfn g/]zsf]] ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGwsf] kvf{n etfe'Ë
x'g;S5 . of] ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbLb]lv lnP/ k|hftGq axfnL;Dd
cs}{ dfu{ ckgfpg ;S5 / k5{ klg .
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| df3 @)^) df ef/tLo lxGb" g]tf
czf]s l;+3naf6 clegGbg u|x0f ub{} >L % 1fg]Gb| .
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elgG5, Psfkl§ a9\bf] ljsf; b/, csf]{lt/ c‰}
a9\bf] u/LaLn] jfhk]oL ;/sf/nfO{ pl56\ofof] . cfly{s ;'wf/
ugf{ ;fy ;/sf/dfly lge{/ ;a} ;a}nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ g} ef] . o;}sf/0f
of] ;/sf/sf] Pp6f 7"nf] r'gf}tL g} ;/sf/L tGqnfO{ c‰}
k|jL0f / k|efjzfnL agfpg' xf], tfls dfgjlxtsf cfly{s ;'wf/sf kmfObf
u|fdL0faf;Ln] kfpg ;s"g\ . t/, ;/sf/ arfpg]] gfddf ug'{kg]{
cfly{s–k|zf;lgs ;'wf/ klg o; ;/sf/n] cl3 gNofP, /fi6«
cf]‰ndf knf{ . ;/sf/ ls /fi6«lxt < rog ;xh 5}g .
dgdf]xg l;+xn] cfkm" ljQ dGqL x'Fbf s]xL kjf{x
gu/L Jofks cfly{s ;'wf/ cl3 a9fP . /fi6«nfO{ 7"nf]
e'd/Laf6 lgsfn] . Pp6f gofF lbzf lbP / g} @! cf}F ztfAbLdf
k|j]z ubf{, ef/t Pp6f hNbf]aNbf] /fi6« eof] . jfhk]oL
;/sf/n] l;+xn] u/]sf] sfo{;"rLnfO{ g} cl3 a9fof], uxg ¿kdf .
jfdkGyL df]rf{sf 6«]8 o'lgog kIfn] ljleGg ;]jf If]qx¿
;~rf/, hLjg ;'/Iff, AoflÍË, af6f3f6f, /]n–hxfh–p8\8og,
phf{ cflb If]qdf ;'wf/ ug}{ gb]nf, >ldsx¿sf] lj:yfkg x'g]
cfzÍf / eon] . o;f] x'Fbf ljb]zL k"FhL lgj]z gcfpnf,
:6s dfs]{6af6 k"FhL lgj]zsx¿ efUnfg\ . Pg8LP ;/sf/
9Nbf cl3Nnf] ;ftf aDaO{ :6s PS;r]Ghdf b]lvPsf] eLif0f tgfjn] oxL
s'/f] OlËt ub{5 .
ef/tLo g]kfnLx¿sf lglDt of] r'gfj clt g} dxŒjk"0f{
/Xof] . tLg hgf g]kfnL efifL ;b:ox¿ nf]s;efdf cfP .
l;lSsdsf gs'n /fO{, bfhL{lnªsf bfaf ga'{nf / cf;fdsf dlgs'df/
;'Aaf . /fd|f] s'/f] xf], olb logLx¿n] hflt / If]qsf
nflu s]xL u/] eg] . ljut bzsx¿df w]/}n] s]xL u/]gg\,
;f+;bsf] eQf / k]G;g dfq} vfP .
l;lSsddf km]l/ kjg rfdlnªsf] l;lSsd 8]df]qm\ofl6s
k|mG6n] ljwfg ;efsf #@ dWo] #! j6f ;L6 lhTof] . pgL t];|f]
k6s nuftf/ d'VodGqL ag] . k"j{ d'VodGqL g/axfb'/ e08f/L
cfˆg} kf6L{, l;lSsd ;ª\u|fd kl/ifb\ 5f]8L r'gfj lhT5'
eg]/, sfª\u|];df ;fldn ePsf lyP . t/, cfkm" n8]sf]
b'j} ;L6df g/fd|f] k|sf/n] xf/] .
e08f/L;Fu s]jn qf;, c;Gt'li6 / abnfsf] efj lyof] .
ptf rfdlnª;Fu r'gf}tL / df}sfsf] kxf8} lyof] . t/ rfdlnªnfO{
ljkIfL lagfsf] ;/sf/ rnfpg c‰} ufx|f] knf{ lsgls s;}n] s]xL
k|Zg} gp7fpg] ef] . bz jif{ ;kmntfk"j{s ;/sf/ rnfPsf rfdlnªn]
o:t} k|sf/n] tg–dg–wg nufP/ ca pk|fGt klg sfd u/] eg]
pgn] cfˆg} Oltxf; agfpg]5g\, aËfndf Hof]lt a;', s]/nfdf
gfofgf/, So"afdf lkm8]n Sof:6«f] / o'uf]:nfleofsf] l66f]n]
‰}F .
bfhL{lnªdf klg Pp6f gofF s'/f] ef] . sfª\u|];L
pDd]b\jf/nfO{ dfS;{jfbL afx]s ;a} ljkIfL bn;lxt / ;'jf; l3l;ªn]
;d]t ;3fP . k|yd k6s nueu Ps bzskl5 l3l;ª / dfS;{jfbL
bnaLrsf] 3lgi6 ;DaGw 6'lËof] . km]l/ uf]vf{Nof08 d'2f
:ki6 ¿kdf cl3 cfof] . s]Gb|df sfª\u|];sf] ;/sf/
g} eP klg p;nfO{ jfdkGyL df]rf{n] ;3fPsf] x'gfn], uf]vf{Nof08 kfpg
kmnfdsf] lrp/f rkfpg' ;/x g} xf]nf . t/ klg sfª\u|]; ;/sf/n]
5'§} /fHox¿sf] dfunfO{ lglb{i6 lbzf lbg Pp6f /fHo k'gu{7g
sldl6 agfpg] ePsf] 5 . o;df uf]vf{Nof08sf] d'2f p7\g] g} 5 .
l3l;ªn] sfª\u|];nfO{ ;3fpg yfNgf;fy, bfhL{lnª]x¿
k[ystfjfbL–c/fhstf km}nfpg] hgtf x'g\ eGg dfS;{jfbLx¿nfO{
a]/ nfu]g . l3l;ªnfO{ klg sfª\u|]; pDd]b\jf/nfO{
;fy lbg} kg]{ afWotf lyof] . gq eg] pgsf lj/f]wLx¿n]
sfª\u|];nfO{ lhtfP/ k7fPsf] v08df …lxn sfplG;nÚsf]
cfufdL r'gfj n8\g uf]vf{ /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{nfO{ ;fx|} kg]{
lyof] . l3l;ª–dfS;{jfbL ;DaGwljR5]bsf] csf]{ nfe–
ca pk|fGt bfhL{lnªdf kxf8]x¿ aLr /fhgLlts lx+;f gxf]nf .
dfS;{jfbL ;/sf/ sfg"g / cg'zf;gsf] ‰08L b]vfO{ sfplG;n
avf{:t ug{ kl§ nfUnf . lx+;f–eo–qf;n] ?dlnPsf
bfhL{lnª]x¿nfO{ ;'jf; l3l;ªsf] of] r'gfjL tfnd]n
/ kl/0ffdn] /fxt k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
l;Ëf] ef/tLo kl/k|]Iodf eg]Ù sfª\u|];
;/sf/x¿n] bfhL{lnª / ef/tLo g]kfnLx¿sf] dfunfO{
v]bf] g} u/]kl5 dfq} k'/f ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . efiff dfGotfsf]
cfGbf]ng !(^) sf] bzsdf g} z'? ePsf] ePtfklg ;g\ !((@ df dfq} k'/f
ul/of] . ca km]l/ To:t} xf]nf .
o;kflnsf] r'gfjn] ef/tLox¿ aLr Pp6f gofF >[ª\vnf
z'? u¥of] . r'gfj Pp6f kf6L{n] xf]Og u7aGwgn] n8\g'kg]{
ef] . u7aGwg ;/sf/ rnfpg l;Sg} kg]{ ef] gq eg] 3l/3l/ r'gfj
x'g] ef] . o;}n] ;/sf/ stf / lsg hfnf eGg] k|Zgdf s'g} lglb{i6
egfO /fVg} g;Sg] ef] . u7aGwgdf ;fd]n Pp6f ;fgf] bnn] klg nDsL
nfpFbf ;/sf/ k5fl/g] ef] . of] jf:tljstfnfO{ :jLsf/]/ g} jfhk]oL
;/sf/ kfFr ;fn l6Sof] . dgdf]xg l;+xsf] ;/sf/n] klg o;} unf{ .
xfd|f] z'esfdgf Û
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