s[lif
?=& ca{sf] nufgL ;Í6df
;l~rt ug{ gldNg] s'v'/f kfng, b'Uw Joj;fo
/ t/sf/L v]tL ug{] lrtjgsf ls;fgx¿ aGb gfsfaGbLn] tLg j6}
Joj;fodf 3f6f Joxf]b{}5g\ .
•
d's]z kf]v|]n,
e}/xjfdf
 hgs
cof{n |
s'v'/f / c08f
Ps bzs cl3b]lv rf/ xhf/ s'v'/f kfNb} cfPsf g]kfn s'v'/fkfns ;+3,
lrtjgsf cWoIf OGb|axfb'/ af]xf]/fsf] s'v'/f kmfd{ b'O{ dlxgfb]lv
vfnL 5 . ToxfF gofF rNnf /fVg] s'g} ;'/;f/ 5}g . rNnf,
bfgf / cf}iflw dxFuf] x'Fb} hfg] clg ;:tf]df s'v'/f / c08f a]Rg'kbf{
af]xf]/fsf] sdfO{sf] ;|f]t ;'Sof] . æJofkf/ 8'laxfNof],
u|fxs kfPF eg] hUuf a]r]/ AofÍ C0f lt5'{ clg gofF rNnf /fVg'
knf{Æ pgn] eg] .
nuftf/ aGbsf] sf/0fn] Joj;fo wfGg g;s]kl5 lrtjgsf
ls;fgx¿ lhNnfaf6} lj:yflkt x'gyfn]sf 5g\ . ut k';b]lv
h]7;Dddf Joj;fo cf]/fnf] nfUg yfn]kl5 lrtjgsf b'O{ xhf/ ls;fgn]
s'v'/f kfNg 5fl8;s] . @)%( ;fn;Dd b'O{ xhf/ j6f 7"nf kmfd{
lyP, of] jif{ 36]/ Ps xhf/df ‰/]sf] 5 . nfut g} k|lt
lsnf] ?=%) b]lv %% kg]{ s'v'/fsf] df;' ?=$) b]lv $% df a]Rg'kg]{
ePkl5 ls;fgx¿ Joj;fo 5f]8\g afWo ePsf x'g\ .
æbfgfsf] efp k|lt s]hL ?=! a9]sf] 5, ca xfdL
s;/L l6Sg]Æ, g]kfn pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3, gf/fo0fu9sf låtLo
pkfWoIf ldq/fh bjf8Ln] lrGtf kf]v] . s'v'/fhGo pTkfbgdf b}lgs
%) b]lv &% nfv 3f6f kl//x]sf] 5– bjf8Ln] df]6fdf]6L lx;fa
atfP .
g]kfn bfgf pBf]u ;+3, lrtjgsf cWoIf k|tfkl;+x u'?ª eG5g\, æo:t}
cj:yf /lx/Xof] eg] afFsL s'v'/f kfns klg l6Sb}gg\, pgLx¿
l6s]gg\ eg] xfd|f] Jofkf/ klg rNb}g .Æ
lrtjgsf] s'v'/f Joj;fodf s/La ?=& ca{ hltsf] nufgL
5 . h;df AofÍsf] nufgL ?=# ca{sf] 5 . of] Joj;fodf
#^ xhf/ kl/jf/ ;+nUg 5g\ .
ufO{ / b"w
e/tk'/sf a;'Gw/f /]UdL / ejfgL kf}8]nn] ev{/ JofPsf b'O{ j6f n}gf
ufO{ a]r] . æb"w a]r]/ cfPsf]] k};fn] bfgf / cf}iflw
vr{ klg wfGb}g . clg s;/L kfNg' ufO{ <Æ pgLx¿n]
ljjztf ;'gfP . ^ h]7df o1k'/Lsf xl/k|;fb l3ld/] sfFwdf …s06/Ú
/fv]/ b"w a]Rb} lxF8] . t/ laxfgel/df !% ln6/ dfq a]Rg
;s], k|ltln6/ ?=!) df . ;fdfGo cj:yfdf ufO{sf] b"w k|ltln6/
?=!% df laS5 .
Pslbg g]kfn aGb x'Fbf lrtjgdf Ps nfv ln6/ b"w
v]/ hfG5 . ut jif{ nueu !)) lbg lrtjgsf ls;fgn] b"w a]Rg
kfPgg\ . of] jif{sf] j}zfv dlxgfb]lv otf aGb / ldNs xf]ln8]sf]
sf/0f !& lbg b"w a]Rg kfPgg\ .
gf/fo0fu9 pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf] lx;fa cg';f/, Ps lbgsf]
aGbn] lrtjgdf ?=@) nfvsf] b"w v]/ hfG5 . lhNnf b'Uw pTkfbs
;xsf/L ;+3sf pkfWoIf zÍ//fh /fhe08f/L eG5g\, ækf]xf]/
h]7b]lv of] h]7;Dddf oxfFsf b"w ls;fgnfO{ ?=@# s/f]8 eGbf a9Lsf]
gf]S;fgL eO;s]sf] 5 .Æ ædg'{eGbf ax'nfpg lgsf]
eg]/ of] k]zfdf nflu/x]sf] 5',Æ $) jif{b]lv ufO{ kfNb} cfPsf
^) jifL{o xl/k|;fb l3ld/] cfˆgf] b'Mv kf]V5g\ .
t/sf/L
lrtjgdf !^ ;o x]S6/df Jofj;flos t/sf/L v]tL ul/G5 . lhNnf s[lif
ljsf; sfof{no, lrtjgsf cg';f/ /Tggu/, r}gk'/, e08f/f, dËnk'/,
hutk'/, z'qmgu/, kl6xfgL, u'~hgu/ h:tf a9L t/sf/L nufpg] 7fpFsf
ls;fgn] nufgL g} p7fpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . k"jL{ lrtjgsf]
r}gk'/df t/sf/L v]tL u/]sf s[i0f ;fksf]6f, lzj 9'Ëfgfn] sfpnL
/ aGbsf]eLaf6 ahf/ k'¥ofpg] Hofnf klg p7fpg ;s]gg\ . o;}sf/0f
ToxfFsf s/La Ps ;o ls;fgn] 6«ofS6/ nufP/ af/Ld} t/sf/L gi6
u/] . lhNnf tfhf t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"n pTkfbg ;+3sf cWoIf
k"0f{bQ e";fnsf cg';f/ k"jL{ lrtjgdf pTkflbt t/sf/Lx¿
af/Ld} s'lxg] cj:yf cfOk/]sf]n] hf]t]/ gi6 ug'{ k/]sf] xf] .
oxLFsf ls;fgx¿n] cfˆgf t/sf/L p7fP/ /fhdfu{df
pn{'Ë nufOlbPsf lyP . pgLx¿n] y'kf/]sf] t/sf/Ln]
k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{sf] s/La #)) ld6/ efu 9fs]sf] lyof] .
hghfu[lt xl/ofnL tfhf t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"n pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf
e08f/fsf cWoIf r"8fdl0f jtf}{nfn] eg]– lrtjgsf] t/sf/L
Pslbg laSg kfPg eg] ?=!) nfv 3f6f k5{ .
•
hgs cof{n, lrtjgdf
ls;fgdf/f /fhgLltsf] v]n
b]znfO{ b"w, df;', c08f / tfhf
t/sf/Ldf cfTdlge{/ t'Nofpg nfluk/]sf ls;fgsf] yfKnfdf /fhf, kf6L{
/ dfcf]jfbL;d]taf6 k|xf/ eO/x]sf] 5 .
dLg ah|frfo{ |
lat]sf] gf} dlxgf leq cfJxfg ul/Psf aGbsf sf/0f
‰08} Ps dlxgf g]kfnsf ;8sx¿df uf8L rNg kfPgg\ .
g]kfn aGb, dw]z aGb, u08s If]q aGb / ljz]if lhNnf aGbsf /fhgLlts
sfo{qmdn] cfly{s pGgltsf] wdgL dflgg] /fhdfu{df oftfoftsf ;fwg rNg
glbPkl5 dWo g]kfnsf &% nfv >dzLn ls;fgx¿n] pTkfbg
u/]sf] ‰08} ?=@% s/f]8 a/fa/sf] xl/of] t/sf/L ;8\of] .
clg ?=# s/f]8 a/fa/sf] b"w gfnL / s'nf]df aufOof] .
o;/L kl;gfsf] sdfO{ ˆofFSg]x¿ wflbª,
sfe|], dsjfgk'/, lrtjg, ;nf{xL, dxf]Q/L, uf]/vf, nlntk'/, af/f,
k;f{, /f}tx6, ?kGb]xL / gjnk/f;Lsf ls;fgx¿ lyP . oL
lhNnfx¿af6 sf7df8f}Fsf] ahf/df b}lgs ?=! s/f]8 a/fa/sf] tfhf
t/sf/L / s/La ?=## nfvsf] b"w cfk"lt{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
oL a:t'x¿ rfF8} ;8\g] uNg] / lau|g] ju{df kb{5g\ . h:tf];'s}
aGb eP klg ufO{–e}F;Lsf] b"w b'x'g' g} k5{ . To;}u/L
xl/of] t/sf/L klg ;do k'u]kl5 l6Kg' g} k5{ . tTsfn ahf/ gkfOPsf]
cj:yfdf o:tf pTkfbgsf] d"No sf}8Lsf] efpdf ‰5{ .
uPsf] h]7 % ut] lrtjgsf ls;fgn] k|ltln6/ ?=!%
a]Rb} cfPsf] ufO{sf] b"w ?=* df a]Rg ufpFufpF 8'nfpFbf klg
u|fxs kfPgg\ . pTkfbg nfut g} ?=% k|ltlsnf] kg]{ km"nsf]eL
/ /fdtf]l/ofF ?=! k|ltlsnf]df a]Rg vf]Hbf klg las]g .
wflbª, sfe|] / dsjfgk'/sf ls;fgx¿n]
cfˆgf kz'nfO{ v'jfpFbf klg xl/of] t/sf/L ;lsPg . kmntM
lrtjgsf ls;fgn] $, % / ^ h]7df k|ltlbg ;/b/ ! nfv ln6/ b"w
uf]a/UofF;sf 6\ofÍL / glhs}sf] gfnf÷vf]nfdf aufpg'k¥of] .
ToxL cjlwdf ?kGb]xLdf b}lgs ^) xhf/ ln6/ b"w gfnf / s'nf]df
aufOof] . wflbª, sfe|] / dsjfgk'/ -kfn'ª / lrTnfª_
sf ls;fgn] xl/of] t/sf/L / b"w dn–vf8ndf vGofP .
lrtjgsf ls;fgn] t cfˆgf] kL8fk|lt /fhf,
;/sf/, kf6L{ / dfcf]jfbL;d]tsf] Wofg cfslif{t ug{ $ 6g xl/of] t/sf/L
dx]Gb| /fhdfu{df oftfoft cj?4 x'g]u/L g} y'kf/LlbP . t/sf/L
/ b"wsf] To:tf] xl/ljhf]u b]v]/ lrtjgsf j[4j[4fx¿ /f]P .
?kGb]xLsf ls;fgn] AofÍ;Fu C0f lnP/ k|ltuf]6f ?= @% xhf/df
lsg]sf ufO{ ?=!) xhf/df laqmL ug{ vf]Hbf klg kof{Kt u|fxs kfpg ;s]sf
5}gg\ . pgLx¿ Pp6f ufO{nfO{ b}lgs Ps ;o krf; ?k}ofFsf] bfgf
v'jfP/ yk 3f6f a]xf]g]{ kIfdf rfxFb}gg\ . o:tf] 3f6faf6 aRg
sltko ls;fgn] t cfˆgf uf]7af6 ufO{ 5f]l8lbFbf /fhdfu{, hËn
/ v]taf/L ;d]t ufO{n] 9flsof] . a'6jn gu/kflnsf / lhNnf 6«flkms
k|x/L sfof{no ?kGb]xLsf sd{rf/Lsf] sfd ls;fgsf ufO{ v]b]/ ef/t k'¥ofpg]
x'g yfNof] . ?kGb]xLdf dfq kfFr xhf/ uf]7 vfnL x'g] cj:yfdf
k'u]sf 5g\ . lrtjgdf b'O{ xhf/ s'v'/f Joj;foLdWo] Ps xhf/ dfq afFsL
5g\ . sfe|] / wflbªsf dn–vf8ndf xflnPsf xl/of t/sf/L
c‰} uln;s]sf 5}gg\ . t/, csf]{ nfdf] aGbsf] ldlt tf]lsO;s]sf]
5 . aGbsf] l;nl;nf /f]lsPsf] 5}g .
otf /fhf, kf6L{ / dfcf]jfbLsf] x7 eg] ;u/dfyf
ag]/ plePs} 5 . aGbsf] v]n v]Ng]x¿n] aGb ug]{ jxfgf
kfO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] /fhgLlts rqm rn'~h]n …s]xL u/f}FÚ
eGg] g]kfnL ls;fg cfˆg} kl;gfsf] kf]v/Ldf 8'a]/ 56k6fO/xg'kg]{
b]lvG5 .
/fh / /fhgLlt ug]{x¿n] g]kfnsf >dzLn
ls;fgsf] Ifdtf / nugzLntfsf] cy{ a'‰]sf eP, ljut !^ jif{sf]
cjlwdf log} ls;fgn] b]zdf …Zj]tqmflGtÚ u/]/ b]vfO;s]sf
5g\ . To;cl3, @)$$ ;fnlt/b]z r]gf]{ljn cf0fljs e§L b'3{6gf
x'Fbf km}lnPsf] ljls/0faf6 k|b"lift b"w;d]t leœofpg'
kg]{ l:yltdf lyof] . To:tf] cj:yf km]l/km]l/ b]Vg gk/f];\ eg]/ g]kfnL
ls;fgn] ;ft–cf7 jif{ -@)%# ;fn;Dd_ d} b]zsf] b"w ahf/nfO{
…;/Kn;Ú df k'¥ofOlbP . ls;fgn] pTkfbg u/]sf]
#) k|ltzt b"wn] gfsfaGbL / aGb–x8tfn gx'Fbf ahf/ kfO/x]sf]
lyPg . t/ cfh b]znfO{ b"wdf cfTdlge{/ t'Nofpg] ltg} ls;fgsf]
yfKnfdf rf/}lt/af6 k|xf/ eO/x]sf] 5 .
lat]sf] Ps bzsdf g]kfnL ls;fgn] u/]sf] xl/t
qmflGtsf] kl/0ffd:j?k g]kfnsf ;fu;AhLn] vf8L / o'/f]lkog ahf/;d]t
tfSg ;Sg] l:ylt k}bf ePsf] 5 . t/, cfh log} ls;fgsf] >dzLntfsf]
;Ddfg st}af6 eO/x]sf] 5}g .
df;' / c08f pTkfbgsf] If]qdf klg g]kfnL ls;fgn]
b]znfO{ nueu cfTdlge{/tfsf] :t/df k'¥ofO;s]sf 5g\ . @)%&
;fnd} lrtjgsf ls;fgn] ef/taf6 cfoft x'g] s'v'/fsf] df;' / c08fsf]
Jofkf/ /f]Sg /fhdfu{d} cfˆgf s'v'/f / c08f ˆofFs]/ lj/f]w
hgfPsf lyP . o;/L b]zsf] cfly{s d]?b08 bl/nf] kfg]{ sfddf lbg/ft
kl;gf r'xfO/x]sf ls;fgnfO{ /fhgLlt u/]sf] eGg ?rfpg] zlQmx¿n]
;Ddfg / clegGbg ug'{kg]{df pN6} pgLx¿sf] 9f8 s;/L efFRg ;lsG5
eGg] v]ndf nfu]/ ljleGg lsl;dsf …aGbÚ ug]{ rqmJo"xsf]
/rgf u/] . h;sf] sf/0f pBdL / >dzLn ls;fg C0fsf] sxfnLnfUbf]
bnbndf zg}Mzg}M km:b} uO/x]sf 5g\ .
aGbx¿sf] b'irqm rln g} /x]df ls;fgx¿;Fu
knfog x'g'afx]s csf]{ ljsNk /xg] 5}g . To;kl5 …Zj]tqmflGtÚ
/ …xl/t\ qmflGtÚ Psfb]zsf] syf x'g] 5 . o:tf]
b':jKgaf6 ls;fgnfO{ arfP/ b]zsf] pGglt rfxg] xf] eg] …aGbÚ
h:tf] ls;fgdf/f /fhgLltsf] v]n cfh} jf ef]lnb]lv g} 6'lËg'kb{5 .
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x:t u'?ª
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