| cfj/0f÷dfcf]jfbL
/0fgLlt
ufpFaf6 zx/ k:g] tof/L
gfsfaGbL
u/]/ dfcf]jfbLx¿ pkTosf aflx/ / leqsf] hghLjg / sf7df8f}Fdf
k}bf x'g] /fhgLlts / af}l4s k|ltlqmofnfO{ ;"Id 9Ën] cWoog
ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] rfxG5g\– gfsfaGbLsf] sf/0f
hgtfdf ;Qflj/f]wL rsf]{ efjgf k}bf xf];\ / To;nfO{ hgljb|f]xdf abNg
;lsof];\ .
•
k'is/ uf}td
æ=== 1fg]Gb|nfO{
ws]Nb} n}hfg], c¿ kIfnfO{ ;d]6\b} n}hfg], sd;]sd clxn] /fhtGqljgfsf]
u0ftGq eg]/ xfdLn] Go"gtd eg]sf 5f}FÆ . dfcf]jfbL
cWoIf k|r08n] kf6L{sf] /fhgLlts /0fgLlt :ki6\ofpg] qmddf ut kmfu'gdf
of] s'/f eg]sf x'g\ . To;}u/L zfxL ;]gfsf] /0fgLltaf/] k|r08
eG5g\, æxfdLnfO{ sG6«f]n u/]/ lg/fz t'Nofpg], 7"nf]
;]S;gnfO{ sdhf]/ kfl/;s]kl5 g]t[Tj cln cflQof] eg] ;D‰f}tfdf
cfpF5 ls eGg] ;f]r]sf 5g\=== pgLx¿ -zfxL ;]gf_ nfO{ lhTg
n8fOF n8\b}5f}F eGg] 5}g, pgLx¿sf] cg's"ntfdf NofP/
jftf{ u/fpg] eGg]5Æ . k|r08sf] of] cfsng unt 5}g .
zfxL ;]gfsf klZrdf~rn k[tgfklt ?Sdf+ut s6jfnn] nueu o:t} jfSo af]n]sf
5g\, æxftxltof/ vf];]/ lg/:q kfb{} dfcf]jfbLnfO{ d"nwf/df
Nofpg'k5{ .Æ oxL k|of]hgsf nflu s6jfn cfˆgf] g]t[Tjdf
dWoklZrd If]qdf ;}lgs ck|]zg rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . o;}aLr, dfcf]jfbLn]
cfkm" …/0fgLlts ;Gt'ngÚaf6 …/0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fÚ
sf] r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .
dflysf sygaf6 dfcf]jfbLn] ca rflxF …u0ftGqÚnfO{
g} cfˆgf] uGtJo agfPsf] xf] ls eGg] b]lvG5 . /, /fhf rflxF
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ª\ofs]/ jftf{df Nofpg rfxG5g\ . k|r08n]
dfly ;Í]t u/]sf] …c¿ kIfÚ eg]sf kfFr
/fhgLlts bn x'g\ . oL bnsf] /fhf;Fusf] k|f/lDes r/0fsf] jftf{
cy{xLg ePkl5 ltgnfO{ ;d]6\g] cfˆgf] k|of; ;kmn x'g] s'/fdf
dfcf]jfbLx¿ cfzfjfbL ePsf 5g\ .
a]nfot nufotsf d'n'sx¿n] bnx¿ ;+nUg /x]sf] ;/sf/sf]
dfu cl3 ;f/]kl5 /fhf s]xL cK7]/f]df k/]sf 5g\ . cfkm"v';L
k|wfgdGqL 5fGg] /fhfsf] /j}ofk|lt cGt/f{li6«o hutn] k|Zg p7fpg'
eg]sf] tTsfnsf] nflu /fhgLlts ¿kn] kfFr bn / ;}Go ¿kn]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ kmfObf k'Ug' xf] . t/ /fhf / kfFr /fhgLlts bnx¿
ldNb}df /fli6«o /fhgLltdf s'g} c;/ gkg]{ dfcf]jfbLsf] ljZn]if0f
5 . /fhgLlts bnx¿s} ;/sf/ aGbf x'g] cGt/f{li6«o
/fhgLlts, cfly{s, ef}lts Pj+ yk ;}lgs ;xof]u;Fu eg] dfcf]jfbL cflQPsf]
5 .
clxn] pkTosf aflx/sf] e"–efu d"ntM
dfcf]jfbLsf] sAhfdf 5, k|ToIf / ck|ToIf ¿kdf . zfxL
;]gfsf sdf08/ / hjfgx¿ ljgf abL{df lxF8\g'Ù ;/sf/L
uf8Lsf ;]tf Kn]6 /ftf] Kn]6df ablng'Ù lah'nL / 6]lnkmf]g,
/]l8of] cflb ;~rf/dfWodx¿ ;/sf/L ;'/Iffdf eGbf dfcf]jfbLsf]
bofdf dfq rNg'Ù ;8s oftfoft dfcf]jfbLsf] lgufxdf lge{/ x'g
afWo x'g' / aGb cflb dfcf]jfbLsf s[Tok|lt ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] tkm{af6
k|lt/IffTds afx]s s'g} k|ltlqmof gx'g' o;sf cfwf/–k|df0f x'g\ .
dfcf]jfbLsf] kmf}hL tfut ut jif{sf] eGbf s}of}F u'0ff a9]sf] s'/f
lbgxF' eO/x]sf ;of}F–;of}Fsf] ckx/0fsf 36gfn] k'li6 u5{g\ .
kxf8df dfq x}g t/fO{ / 7"nf zx/x¿df ;d]t ;'/Iff kmf}h
Jof/]sdf ;Lldt x'Fb} uPsf] cg'e"lt ;j{;fwf/0fn] ug{ yfn]sf
5g\ . o;n] cfkm" /0fgLlts ;Gt'ngsf] r/0faf6 …k|Tofqmd0fÚsf]
r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] eGg] dfcf]jfbL bfaLsf] k'li6 x'G5 . ?s'd–/f]Nkfsf]
kl5Nnf] ck|]zgdf zfxL ;]gfnfO{ vfnL xft kmsf{O lbg' dfcf]jfbLsf]
csf{] 7"n} ;kmntf xf] . ToxfF pgLx¿n] cfˆgf]
kIfdf x'g;Sg] lg/y{s IfltnfO{ hf]ufP . of] pgLx¿sf]
/0fgLlts rfn x'g'k5{ . …wSsfÚ z}nLdf cfqmd0f ug{]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ o:tf cfsl:ds …ck|]zgÚdf cndlnFbf pgLx¿sf]
lgs6 eljiodf x'g;Sg] k|Tofqmd0fsf sf/afxLx¿nfO{ c;/ kg{ ;SYof] .
o; cjlwdf dfcf]jfbLn] k"jf{~rndf cfˆgf]
cj:yf lgs} ;'b[9 u/]sf 5g\ . dWo If]qnfO{ To;} 5f]l8lbPsf]
b]lvG5 hxfF k"j{ / klZrdaf6 qmdzM cufl8 a9\bf l:ylt cfkm}F
cg's"n aGb} hfG5 eGg] pgLx¿sf] ljZjf; 5 . o;y{
e"–;Ë7gsf] lx;fan] dfcf]jfbL b]zJofkL ¿kdf
;Gt'ngdf k'u]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 . pgLx¿sf lglDt of] 7"nf]
;kmntf xf] . t/fO{df …6f:skmf];{Ú dfkm{t\ kmf}hL
/ ;fË7lgs ultljlw tLj| kf/]sf 5g\ . t/fO{sf] s'g} klg
zx/ s]xL ;dosf nflu sAhf ug{ ;Sg] kmf}hL tfut pgLx¿;Fu 5 .
oxfF v'nf ;Ldfsf] pkof]u u/]/ cfˆgf] g]t[Tj hf]ufpg dfcf]jfbLnfO{
;lhnf] 5 . t/ To;f] ubf{ g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwdf eg] 7"n}
pynk'yn cfpg ;S5 / Tof] dfcf]jfbLsf] lglDt 3fts aGg ;S5 .
ljutdf s}of}F lhNnf sAhf ul/;s]sf dfcf]jfbLsf lglDt
s'g} zx/ sAhf ug'{ w]/} 7"nf] s'/f gx'g ;S5 . t/ g]kfnsf
zx/ t/fO{ If]qdf g} a9L 5g\ . /, ToxfF cfdg];fdg] o'4 n8\g}kg]{
x'G5 . o:tf] l:yltsf lglDt eg] zfxL ;]gf sdhf]/ 5}g .
t/ klg, s'g} zx/ sAhf ug'{ dfcf]jfbLsf] lglDt Pp6f 7"nf] km8\sf]
x'g]5 . o; lx;fan] klg pgLx¿ 7"nf] zx/L cfqmd0fdf
hfg;Sg] ;Defjgfsf] k'li6 x'G5 .
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] dWo:ytf jf ;'k/Lj]If0fdf
jftf{ ug]{ s'/f dfcf]jfbLn] k6s k6s bf]xf]¥ofpFb} cfPsf 5g\ .
To;f] ubf{ pgLx¿ lj?4 cfpg ;Sg] cGt/f{li6«o zlQm s]Gb|x¿nfO{
…Go"6«fnfOH8Ú ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] cWoIf k|r08sf]
ljZjf; 5 . …;+ljwfg;efÚsf] gf/f lbPsf] cfwf/df
pgLx¿nfO{ …ck|hftflGqsÚ eGg ldNg] 5}g eGg] ljZjf;
/ of] gf/fdf /fli6«o /fhgLltsf ;Dk"0f{ zlQmx¿nfO{
;xdt u/fpg ;lsG5 eGg] dfcf]jfbLsf] cfzf 5 . o; lx;fan] ;+o'Qm
/fi6«;+3k|ltsf] u'xf/ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] gf/f dfcf]jfbLsf] …/0fgLlts
k|Tofqmd0fÚdf hfg] alnof /fhgLlts c:q x'g\ . log} b'O{
a'FbfnfO{ cToGt dxŒjsf ;fy k|rf/ u/]/ b]zL / ljb]zL zlQmsf
aLrdf v]Nb} sDtLdf …u0ftGqÚ -hgu0ftGq x}g_ df k'Ug]
p2]Zo xfl;n x'g;sf];\ eGg] pgLx¿ rfxG5g\ . /fhf / /fhgLlts
bnaLrsf] tgfj t dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;'gdf ;'uGw g} eO/x]sf] 5 .
t/ dfcf]jfbL /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf k|j]z u/]
klg p;sf] xfn;Ddsf] o'4 eg] u'l/Nnf z}nLs} xf] . u'l/Nnf o'4sf]
dfWodaf6 p;n] /fi6«JofkL k|efj kfg{ ;s] klg :yfoL cfwf/ agfpg
eg] ;Dej ePg . lhNnf, :yfgLo, If]qLo / hftLo hg;/sf/sf] gfddf
ljleGg e"–efux¿ cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf ePsf] bfaL
p;n] u/]sf] 5 . t/ s'g} klg lglZrt l;dfgfleq dfcf]jfbLsf] hg;/sf/
b}lgs ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5}g . u'l/Nnf o'4af6 hgljb|f]xdf hfFbf
To; aLrdf /x]sf] lgoldt o'4sf] r/0fnfO{ p;n] 5f]8\g rfx]sf] b]lvG5 .
t/ To;f] ubf{ u'l/Nnf o'4 / cfd ljb|f]xaLr tfnd]n u/fpg] /0fgLltsf]
r'gf}tL p;n] ;fdgf ug}{ kg]{ x'G5Ù lsgls To:tf] k|of]u ;+;f/df
xfn;Dd ePs} 5}g . cfd ljb|f]x d"ntM zx/L ;ª\3if{;Fu
;DalGwt x'G5 eg] u'l/Nnf o'4 ufpF;Fu . u'l/Nnf o'4 / zxl/of
ljb|f]xaLrsf] tfnd]n gb]lvg' g} dfcf]jfbLsf] ljut b]lvsf] g;'lN‰Psf]
;d:of xf] . gfsfaGbLx¿ u/]/ To;nfO{ hf]8\g vf]h]sf]
t k|tLt x'G5 t/ To;af6 ePsf] 7"nf] abgfdLÙ p;n] kfPsf]
kmf}hL /0fgLlts nfe;Fu t'ngf of]Uo g} 5}g . xfn dfcf]jfbLx¿
b]zJofkL t/ cnu cnu 9Ën] gfsfaGbL ug{df nfluk/]sf 5g\ .
o;f] u/]/ pgLx¿ pkTosf aflx/ / leqsf] hghLjg, /fhgLltÙ
cfly{s k|efj / sf7df8f}Fdf x'g;Sg] /fhgLlts / af}l4s k|ltlqmofnfO{
glhs} a;]/ ;"Id 9Ën] cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf]
rfxgf 5 gfsfaGbLsf] sf/0f k|an ¿kdf hgtfdf ;Qflj/f]wL efjgf
k}bf xf];\ / To;nfO{ hgljb|f]xdf abNg ;lsof];\ . ;+If]kdfÙ
;z:q hgljb|f]xsf] r/0fdf k'Ug;Sg' dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf] pkNnf]
tx xf] . t/ Tof] r/0fdf pm k'u]s} 5 ls 5}g eGg] s'/f rflxF
eljiosf ltgsf lqmofsnfk / pknlAwaf6 dfq yfxf x'G5 .
zfxL ;]gf c9fO{ jif{b]lv b}lgs Ps bh{gsf] b/df …dfcf]jfbLÚ
dfb{} dfcf]jfbL sdhf]/ ePsf] k|rf/ ul//x]sf] 5 . t/ klg pm
/IffTds cj:yfaf6 dfly p7\g ;s]sf] 5}g . s'g} klg ;]gf /IffTds
x'g' eg]sf] kmf}hL lx;fan] qmdzM knfogtkm{ nfUg' eGg] a'l‰G5 .
vnËfb]lv a]gL;Dd cfOk'Ubf @% j6f 7"nf cfqmd0f eP h;df
s';'dafx]s cGoq zfxL ;]gf k/flht ePsf] 5Ù hals kmf}hL ;ª\Vof,
zlQm, xftxltof/, ;fwg;|f]t cflbdf clxn] klg zfxL ;]gf dfcf]jfbLeGbf
s}of}F u'0ff wgL 5 . cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u klg dfcf]jfbL;Fu
t'ngf ug{ gldNg] u/L zfxL ;]gfn] g} kfPsf] 5 . tyflk zfxL ;]gf
o;/L nuftf/ k/flht x'g'df s] sf/0f 5 < ;fj{hlgs ax;s} ljifo agfOg'kg]{
ePsf] 5 . zfxL ;]gfsf ;jf{]Rrklt -/fhgLlts sld:gf/_ /fhf ;d]t
/fhgLlts ¿kn] /IffTds /xFb} 5g\ . sd{rf/LtGq klg /fhfsf]
kIfdf b]lvPg . o;/L ;fF3'l/Fb} uPsf] ;Qfn] cfˆgf] cl:tTj
/Iffsf] lglDt lg/+s'ztf vf]Hg' Oltxf;sf] k'g/fj[lQ g} xf] .
o;} sf/0f /fhfsf kfOnf Tot}lt/ nlDsPsf x'g;S5g\ .
k|];dfly dfcf]jfbL HofbtL
;f}hGoM cGgk"0f{ kf]i6 |
…k|]; / cleJolQm
:jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg ug{]Ú k|rf/ ug]{ dfcf]jfbLx¿n] klqsf
af]s]sf] uf8Ldf ad la:kmf]6 u/fO{ rfnssf] ;d]t xTof u/]sf 5g\ .
!$ h]7 laxfg tgx'Fsf] 3fF;Ls'jf glhs} k[YjL /fhdfu{df kg{] d';]vf]nfdf
dfcf]jfbLn] yfk]sf] w/fkdf k/]/ d'ulnªaf6 cGgk"0f{ kf]i6
b}lgs af]s]/ uPsf] uf8Lsf rfns sGof/f; u'?ªsf] d[To' ePsf]
5 eg] uf8L Wj:t ePsf] 5 . ;f] lj:kmf]6gdf 3fOt] Ps :yfgLoaf;L
5ljnfn >]i7nfO{ pkrf/fy{ ;]gfsf] x]lnsf]K6/af6 sf7df8f}F NofOPsf]
5 .
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;f] sfdk|lt ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bnx¿,
Jofj;flos ;+3–;+:yf tyf l;Ëf] gful/s ;dfhn] lgGbf / v]b
JoQm u/]sf] 5 . cGgk"0f{ kf]i6 b}lgssf] k|sfzg ;+:yf Go"h
ldl8of lnld6]8sf k|aGw lgb{]zs /ljg nfdfn] æ;~rf/dfWod / gful/s
;dfhdfly o; k|sf/sf xdnf gug{Æ cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g\ .
/fhf / ;+;bjfbL cndNofpg] bfp
/fhf / ;+;bjfbL bnx¿nfO{ cndNofP/
cfkm"nfO{ ;ª\3if{sf] s]Gb| agfpg dfcf]jfbLn] km/s km/s
jQmJoafhL z'? u/]sf 5g\ .
@) r}t
@)%( df dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] kfFrbnsf] ;ª\3if{k|lt cfˆgf]
kf6L{sf] ;dy{g /x]sf] jQmJo hf/L u/] . To;}u/L @) j}zfv, @)^!
df 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] u0ftflGqs nf]stGqsf] dfGotfdf dfcf]jfbL
/ ;+;bjfbL w'|jLs[t eP/ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ atfpFb} clxn]sf] ;d:of u|fdL0f
;ª\3if{ / zxl/of ;ª\3if{sf] ;dfof]hgfsf] k|Zg ePsf] wf/0ff
JoQm u/] . e§/fO{n] k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf]
/flhgfdfkZrft\ # h]7df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;xof]udf /fhf, dfcf]jfbL,
;+;bjfbL / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwsf] ;+o'Qm jftf{sf] cfjZostf /x]sf]
wf/0ff JoQm u/] .
Ps dlxgfsf] cjlwdf cfPsf dfcf]jfbLsf oL km/s km/s
k|ltlqmofx¿n] d"ntM b'O6f wf/0ff /fVb5g\– of t
;j{kIfLo ;Dd]ng of dfcf]jfbL / kfFr bnaLr ;xsfo{ . km/s ;dosf
tL cnu jQmJox¿n] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efnfO{
g} /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] k|:yfg laGb' atfO/x]sf 5g\ . jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf]
vf/]hLnfO{ pgLx¿n] x/]s cj:yfdf cu|:yfgdf /fv]sf 5g\ .
xfn dfcf]jfbLx¿ zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] cj:yfaf6 …cu|ufdL 5nfª
dfg{Ú cl3 a9]sf 5g\ . km/s km/s jQmJosf] p2]Zo /fhf
/ ;+;bjfbLnfO{ cndNofpg' / ;ª\3if{sf] s]Gb| efudf cfkm"nfO{
/fVg' xf] . o;df jt{dfg ;+ljwfg vf/]h u/L j}slNks g]t[Tjdf
cfkm" /xg] dfcf]jfbLsf] bfp n's]sf] 5 . o;af6 dfcf]jfbLsf]
tTsfnLg ¿kdf /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fdf hfg] p2]Zo ;kmn x'g]5 .
kf6L{leq cGt/;ª\3if{
dfcf]jfbLdf pRr:t/sf g]tfx¿sf] lu/ˆtf/LnfO{ lnP/ kf6L{leq
cGt/;ª\3if{ rls{Psf] kfOG5 . dft[sf ofbj, ;'/]z cfn]du/
tyf kl5Nnf] k6s lu/ˆtf/Ldf k/]sf df]xg j}Bsf] ;'/Iffsf] ljifonfO{
lnP/ d"ntM clvn ef/t g]kfnL Pstf ;dfhsf] ;Ë7gfTds lhDd]jf/L
af]s]sf] g]t[Tj cfnf]rgfsf] kfq ag]sf] 5 . @)%^ ;fndf tTsfnLg
g]skf -d;fn_ af6 ljeflht ePsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lbgfgfy zdf{nfO{ g]skf
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngaf6} kf]ln6Ao"/f]df
nluPsf] lyof] . k"j{ -d;fn_ df /xFbf k|jf; If]qdf sfo{
u/]sf] cg'ejsf cfwf/df pgnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] klg k|jf;d}} v6fPsf] lyof] .
t/ clxn] pRr g]tfx¿sf] lu/ˆtf/Lkl5 pgL cfnf]Ro dfq ePsf
5}gg\, b'Zdg;Fu 3';k}7 u/]sf] x'g;Sg] uDeL/ cf/f]ksf ;fy pgLdfly
5fglagsf] k|lqmof z'? ePsf] atfOG5 . lbgfgfy;Fu} dfcf]jfbLdf
k|j]z u/]sf w]/} h;f] sfo{stf{ ToxfFaf6 o;cl3 g} knfog eO;s]sf 5g\ .
•
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