/d‰d
ljh]tf
k|hfklt
rf/–kfFrj6f Do"lhs lel8of],
s]xL l6eL lj1fkg / Pp6f d}lynL rnlrqdf clego u.l/;s]sL ljh]tf cfˆgf]
sl/c/ eg] df]8lnªnfO{ g} agfpg rfxlG5g\ .
tl:a/÷>[Ëf/M
8LhL Kn;
gofF
k':tf ;Kt/ª\uL l;h{gfdf
g]kfnL nf]suLt÷;ËLtn]
rrf{ / Jofj;flos ;kmntf kfO/x]sf] a]nf ;'ud ;ËLt sxfF bf}l8Fb}5 <
o;nfO{ s;n], s'g af6f]df 8f]¥ofO/x]sf] 5 < s:tf] 5 o;sf]
ult < st} of] ;':tfPsf] t 5}g < o:tf k|Zgx¿n]
af/Daf/ 3f]Rg yfn]kl5 cfw'lgs ;ËLtsf ;|i6fx¿ cfˆgf]
a]Un} klxrfg / cl:tTj b]vfpg] gofF cleofgdf nfu]sf 5g\ . oBlk,
ahf/df cfw'lgs ;ËLtsf gfddf y'k|} l;h{gfx¿sf] pkl:ylt
gePsf] xf]Og . /, ufx|f] klg 5 ltgsf] u'0fbf]if v'6\ofpg] sfd .
ahf/df h:tf] vf]Hof], To:t} kl/sf/ pknJw 5g\ . o;sf kl5Nnf
pbfx/0f x'g\ leGgtf, kmRo"{g, :kz{ / dgf]efj . km/s–km/s
k|s[ltsf oL l;h{gfx¿n] g]kfnL ;'ud–;ËLtsf] gofF
k|j[lQdfq b]vfPsf 5}gg\, >f]tfx¿nfO{ s0f{lk|o uLt–;ËLt
5gf}6sf] /fd|f] cj;/ klg lbPsf 5g\ . oyfy{df ;Kt/ËL 5g\
gofF k':tfsf gofF l;h{gfx¿ . 5'§f5'§} ;'Gbf
ck'/f, cw'/f nfu] klg ;du|df ;'Gb/ OGb]|0fL‰}F nfU5g\ .
kl5Nnf] cNad dg sf] ;kmntf;Fu} xf}l;Psf od a/fnn]
>f]tfx¿df‰ NofPsf 5g\ csf]{ ;fËLlts pkxf/,
leGgtf . 5flgPsf zAb, dw'/ ;ËLt / jhgbf/ :j/sf] lqj]0fL
ag]sf] 5 of] cNad . zLif{s uLt …=== pgsf] cfudgn] NofPsf]
w]/} leGgtfÚ s0f{lk|o 5 . :j/df ;xhtf odsf] ljz]iftf
g} xf] . /fh' l;+xsf] ;ËLt /x]sf] …ca t eGg' s]
5 /Ú / GXo" ah|frfo{sf]] …sf]N6] km]/Lkm]/LÚ
df odn] gf}nf] :jfb k:s]sf 5g\ . …ltdL d]/f] sf]xL xf]OgÚ
uLtdfkm{t\ :j= gfltsfhLk|ltsf] pgsf] >4f~hln ;/fxgLo 5 .
…;d'b|sf] 5fnÚ / …lr/]/ x]/Ú
df kf]lvPsf] odsf] snf c?eGbf leGg klg 5 . :j/sf wgL eP/ klg
zAb / ;ËLtdf Wofg gk'¥ofpg] u/]sf] pgsf z'elrGtsx¿sf]
k'/fg} u'gf;f] xf] . leGgtf ;'g]kl5 >f]tfx¿n] od
o;tkm{ ;hu x'g yfn]sf] cg'ej ug]{5g\ .
;dsfnLg ;kmn k|ltefx¿ /fds[i0f
9sfn, od a/fn, s0f{bf;, hubLz ;dfn, :j?k/fh cfrfo{ / ;kgf>Lsf
dw'/ :j/x¿sf] tfFtL nufOlbPsf 5g\, uLtsf/ pQd ef}sfhLn] cfˆgf]
cNad :kz{ df . pQdn] cfˆgf /rgfaf6 x/]s k':tf / hLjgsf]
syf / dd{nfO{ k|ToIf :kz{ u/]sf 5g\ . hubLz ;dfnsf] :j/ /x]sf]
…cln clnÚ ahf/df nf]slk|o eO;s]sf] 5 . …dg
hn]/ s] ef]Ú, …Pp6f e"n eP5 cfhÚ / …of]
cfFvfsf] P]gfleqÚ n] ef}sfhLnfO{ ;d]t ;kmn uLtsf/sf ¿kdf
pEofpg] kSsf 5 .
…x]/ g ?G5 dg, ltdLnfO{ ;D‰L ;D‰L,
lsg xf] of] lbgÚ
kk uLtsf kf/vLx¿sf nflu bLk]zlszf]/ e§/fO{sf]
gofF ;Fufnf] kmRo"{g sf] zLif{s uLt xf] of] . t/ bLk]z
kk–ufogdf dfq ;Lldt /xg rfxGgg\ . æd}n] kmRo"{g
df ;a} ju{sf] ?lrnfO{ ;d]6\g] k|of; u/]sf] 5'Æ, bLk]z eG5g\ .
…lsg dnfO{Ú / …;'v s] xf], b'Mv
s] xf]Ú af6 bLk]zn] a]Un} prfO kfpg] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 .
…;dosf] bf}8dfÚ / …afFR5' ltd|} nfluÚ
af6 pgn] >f]tfx¿nfO{ /fd|};Fu grfpg]5g\ . …cfpm
lk|o====Ú ;'g]kl5 cf};t >f]tfn] klg bLk]zsf] d]xgt 7Dofpg
;S5g\ . kmRo"{g df bLk]zn] kfZrfTo /s ;ËLtsf ;fy}
k"jL{o ‰ª\sf/x¿sf] klg nf]enfUbf] ;+of]hg
u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] bLk]z 9'Ss 5g\, kmRo"{g sf] uLt–;ËLtn]
>f]tfsf] dg lhTg] s'/fdf .
…xfd|f] Pp6f ;+;f/ lyof]==Ú af6 /fds[i0f
9sfnnfO{ / …afbn'sf] 3'D6f]n]===Ú af6 od a/fnnfO{ ;'gf}nf]
;fËLlts ofqflt/ 8f]¥ofO{ >f]tfx¿af6 PsfPs 6fl9g
k'u]sf] gfpF xf], lbg]z ;'Aaf . l9n} ePklg 6Í ;Dafxfª\km]sf
zAbdf xªsªsf] sf];]nL dgf]efj dfkm{t lbg]zn] pg]sf ;fËLlts
;';]nLx¿ >f]tf;Fu gftf ufF:g g]kfn lelq;s]sf 5g\ .
/fds[i0f 9sfnsf] :j/ /x]sf] …hLjg s] xf] egLÚ dL7f]
nfU5 . …;f]Rbf oxfF ;f/fÚ df bLk >]i7sf] :j/
/ lbg]zsf] ;fËLlts d]n cfkm}Fdf pbfx/0fLo ag]sf] 5 . …dfly
r9F" lxpF, tn tf/]eL/Ú, …b'lvofsf] Pp6f ‰'k|f]Ú
h:tf uLt dd{:kzL{ 5g\ . ;ËLtk|]dLx¿n] dgf]efj ;Fu}
ePsf] lbg]zsf] ;fËLlts k'g/fudgn]] lg/Gt/tf kfpg] cfzf /fv]sf
5g\ .
•
;'/]z/fh Gof}kfg]
cfw'lgs
cfgL
ls/0f kf08]
|
sf7df8f}Fsf] xf]6n
ah|l:yt …:6'l8of] ;]jgÚ df x/]s dfr{df k|bz{g ul/G5
s'g} pTs[i6 cª\u|]hL gf6s . ut jif{ b kmfo/ /]h;{ sf]
kfnf] lyof] . /, To;df Ps km]zg]jn o'jtLsf] e"ldsf ug]{
snfsf/sf] vf]hL x'Fbf afUdtL df]8g{ sn]hdf …Kn; 6'Údf
cWoog/t l5l/ª 8f]Ns/ 5flgPsL lyOg\ . d~rdf klxnf]rf]l6
plqPsL ePklg pgsf] hLjGt clegon] bz{sdf /fd|} 5fk 5f]8\of] / v'Nof]
sl/c/sf] gofF 9f]sf . pg} l5l/ª u'Dafdf hLjg latfpg] leIf'0fLx¿dfly
alg/x]sf] lkmNd sdf{ df zLif{ e"ldsfdf b]vf kg{ nfu]sL 5g\ .
sf7df8f}FsL cfw'lgs o'jtLnfO{ cfgLx¿sf] hLjgz}nLdf
;dflxt x'Fb} clego ug'{ sd r'gf}tLk"0f{ lyPg . t/, l5l/ª
Tof] sd{df ;kmn ;fljt eOg\ . k|of]uk|]dL l;g]sdL{ l5l/ª
l/tf/sf] lgb]{zgdf hf]8bf/ e"ldsf kfPkl5 clxn] pgL bË
l5g\ .
gf6s ga'´g] pd]/b]lv g} :6'l8of] ;]e]gsf ;a}
gf6s x]b}{ cfPsL l5l/ª gf6s–lgb]{zs ;fgLcfdf ;ljgf n]xdg
/ cleg]tf afa' zDe' nfdfaf6 clego–sd{lt/ k|]l/t ePsL x'g\ .
lkmNd sdf{ df 5flgg'nfO{ pgL Pp6f ;+of]u dflG5g\ . sdf{ sf
nflu snfsf/ vf]lhFb} lyof] . l5l/ªn] ;'lgg\ / ;fyLx¿;Fu}
cfˆgf] gfd k7fOg\ . cfgLsf] e"ldsfsf nflu skfn sf6\g'k5{
eg]kl5 pgL cln xlRsOg\ . kl5 …/f]nÚ /fd|f] 5 eGg]
;'lgg\ / k'lug\ lgb]{zssxfF . æl:qmK6 dg k¥of] /
x'G5 elglbPF,Æ cfˆgf] klxnf] lkmNdL cg'aGwsf] s'/f sf]6\ofpFb}
pgL elG5g\, ælnl8ª /f]ndf 5flgPkl5 dfq 3/df atfPsL x'F .Æ
z'l6ªk"j{ l5l/ªn] lbUuh snfsdL{ cg'k
a/fn;Fu PsxKt] clego k|lzIf0f lnPsL lyOg\ . kl/0ffdÙ
lkmNdsf] rl/q a'´g pgnfO{ w]/} ;lhnf] eof] . b'O{dlxg]
;'l6ª cjlwdf d':tfªdf eg] lgs} ufx|f] ePsf] cg'ej ;'gfpFl5g\
l5l/ª . pgn] ToxLF klxnf]rf]l6 k|ToIf lxpF b]v]sL lyOg\ .
clg, laxfg kfFrah] g} ;'l6ªsf nflu tof/ x'g'kYof]{ . xfkm
;6{h:tf] cfgL–klx/g nufpg'kYof]{ . To;dfly lxpF kl//x]sfn]
sfd ug{ lgs} ufx|f] ePsf] cg'ej ;'gfpFl5g\ l5l/ª . z'l6ª
;lsPkl5 eg] pgL cfˆgf] sfddfly uj{ ul//x]sL 5g\ . elG5g\,
æd]/f] hLjgs} …a]i6 PS;kl/oG;Ú xf] of] .
•
s[i0f zfx ofqL
dg
5'g] l;g]df
elgG5, lxGbL
l;g]hutsf k|of]uwdL{ lgb]{zs ;~honLnf eG;fnLsf x/]s lkmNd w]/} b[li6n]
rrf{of]Uo / pNn]Vo x'G5g\ . ev{/} ;fj{hlgs ePsf] ANofs df cleJoQm
pgsf] Ifdtf / k|:t'lt x]g]{x¿n] km]l/ elg/x]sf 5g\, æjfx
Û k|of]u xf];\ t o:tf] .Æ cldtfe aRrgn] hLjgs}
;jf{lws ufx|f] rl/q of] lkmNddf lgjf{x u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ .
xf] klg, ANofs x]/]kl5 w]/}nfO{ cldtfesf] clego clxn];Dds} cg'kd
/ ;jf]{Ts[i6 nfU5 .
eG;fnLn] pgsf] klxnf] Psn lgb]{zg vfdf];L df gfgf
kf6]s/ / ;Ldf ljZjf;nfO{ alx/fx¿sf] e"ldsfdf pEofPsf
lyP, snfTds k|:t'ltsf b[li6n] cAan lyof] Tof] lkmNd . xd lbn
b] r's] ;gd / b]jbf; n] t Jofj;flos sLlt{dfgsf y'k|} dfgsx¿
:yflkt u/] . t/ ANofs n] tLeGbf cnUu} prfO agfPsf] 5 ljifo
/ k|:t'ltsf b[li6n] . o;n] ;dsfnLg ef/tLo lkmNdL–z}nLeGbf
Psbd} k[ys wf/ cFufn]sf] 5 . df/wf8÷gfrufg 5}gg\, Jofj;flos
d;nfx¿ klg 5}gg\ / bz{sn] sl/j b'O{ 306f dfgjLo ;+j]bgfo'Qm
Pp6f cs}}{ ;+;f/sf] cg'ej lng ;S5g\ .
lkmNd hGdhft ;'Gg, af]Ng / b]Vg g;Sg] o'jtL ld;]n
-/fgL d'vhL{_ sf] cfTdsyfaf6 z'? x'G5 . ;a}vfn] pkrf/af6 xf/
vfPkl5 afa'cfdfn] ld;]nnfO{ afNofj:yfd} kz'jt\ Jojxf/ ul//x]sf x'G5g\ .
pgnfO{ clGtd cfzfsf ¿kdf ;fÍ]lts efiffk|lzIfs b]j/fh
;xfo -cldtfe_ sf] lhDdf nufOG5 . pk]lIft, clgolGqt ld;]nnfO{
r]tgf / ;~rf/sf] k|lzIf0f lbg' b]j/fhsf nflu r'gf}tL aG5 .
pgn] ld;]nsf] hLjgsf] cFWof/f] kf6f]nfO{ cfTdljZjf;, zlQm / ;kmntfdf
¿kfGtl/t ul/lbG5g\ . vfg, a:g / lxF8\g ghfGg] ld;]n
cGttM …Uo|fh'P6Ú alG5g\ . o;cl3 b]lvG5g\ u'?–lziosf]
kf/:kl/s st{Jo, ;dk{0f, efjgfTds ;DaGw / cGwL o'jtLdf knfPsf] cJoQm
of}g–cfsfª\Iffsf /f]rs l‰Nsfl‰NsL .
o:t} Pp6f df]8df b]j/fhnfO{ …cNhfOd;{Ún] RofK5 .
o;/L ;D‰g] / af]Ng] zlQm g} u'dfPsf cfˆgf a[4 u'?nfO{
;fdfGo cj:yfdf Nofpg] gofF k|of;dfkm{t\ g]qxLg ld;]n u'?blIf0ff
r9fpg rfxlG5g\ .
ANofs df /fgL / afn snfsf/ z/gfh k6]nsf] clego klg
plQs} a]hf]8 5 . lkmNds} nflu nuftf/ 5 dlxgf;Dd ;fÍ]lts
efiff l;s]sf cldtfe / /fgLn] o;nfO{ sl/c/s} ;jf{lws ;+‰gfof]Uo
cWofo dfg]sf 5g\ . l;g]Dof6f]u|fkm/ /lj s]=rGb|gsf cg';f/ lgb]{zs
eG;fnLn] of] lkmNddf d]xgtsf] sLlt{dfg g} agfPsf 5g\ .
ANofs df lgb]{zg / clegokl5sf] csf]{ ;zQm kIf o;sf]
k6syf xf] . . eG;fnLn] lkmNddfkm{t\ pHofnf]sf] gofF vf]hL
k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ …cFWof/f] gx'g] xf] eg] pHofnf]sf] dxŒj
x'Fb}gÚ eGg] ;Gb]zsf ;fy . of] k|:t'lt snfsf] hLjGt
clen]v dfq} aGnf jf ;kmn Jofj;flos lkmNd, clxNo} eGg ;lsGg .
t/, o;n] lgb]{zs eG;fnL / pgsf] ;f]rfOsf] prfO XjfQ} a9fOlbPsf]
5, ;fy;fy} ef/tLo lkmNdsf] klg .
•
s[i0f
gfssf]
l;tf/
…Rofª\af
x} Rofª\af, ;'g ;'g x} Rofª\afÚ
aLaL;L g]kfnL ;]jfdf aHg] of] nf]sw"g sxfF aHof] egL vf]Hbfvf]Hb}
bz{ssf cfFvf d~rdf plePsf] Ps JolQmdf cl8G5g\, h;n] bfofF xftsf]
a"9Lcf}Fnfn] gfssf] Pp6f Kjfn aGb u/L xfdf]{lgodsf] s8{ lyr]h:t}
rf]/ cf}nfn] csf]{ Kjfn lrly/x]5, afofF xftn] dfOs ;dfP/ 3fF6Lsf]
gzf tGsfpFb}5 / lgsfNb}5 dL7f] nf]sw"g, æRofª\af
x} Rofª\af .Æ pgL x'g\ snfsf/ /fdxl/ l/hfn .
bfªaf;Ln] pgsf] of] snfsf] gfd h'/fOlbPsf 5g\ …/fdxl/sf]
gfssf] l;tf/Ú .
s;/L aH5 gfssf] l;tf/ < l/hfn eG5g\, ægfssf]
Kjfn y'Gg] clg crfgs xfjf 5f]l8lbg], tf/nfO{ cf}Fnfn] tfg]/ PSsf;L
5fl8lbP h;/L g} . …cFÚ …cFÚ u/L dl;gf]
cfjfh lgsfNg] clg lg:sG5, w"g .Æ o;/L l;tf/sf] ;'/h:t}
h'g;'s} uLtsf] w"g lgsfNg ;Sg] bfaL u5{g\ l/hfn . …Rofªaf
x} ===Ú / …t/sf/L ufef, P]of d]/f] afafÚ af]nsf
uLltw"gdf cfkm" a9L hDg] u/]sf] /fdxl/sf] cg'ej 5 .
bfªdf lgs} nf]slk|o 5 …/fdxl/sf] gfssf] l;tf/Ú .
/fdxl/n] @)@* ;fnb]lv g} gfssf] l;tf/ ahfpg yfn]sf
x'g\ . sn]h k9\bf pgL e/tk'/sf] xf]:6]ndf a:y] . ;fyLx¿sf]
;+utn] Sofl/s]r/ klg v'a} u/]] . gofF 9Ën] s] ug]{ <
;f]Rbf;f]Rb} gfsn] cEof; ug{ yfn] / la:tf/} w"g ahfpg l;s] .
t/, sf]lzz ubf{ub}{ klg pgsf ;fyLx¿n] gfssf] l;tf/ ahfpg
;s]gg\ . lrlGtt x'Fb} l/hfn eG5g\, æcfkm";Fu} cfˆgf]
snf klg hfg] t xf]Og <Æ
/fdxl/ d"ntM cfkm"nfO{ afF;'/Ljfbs 7fG5g\,
rlr{t bËfnL uflosf tyf pgs} cwf{lËgL clDasf l/hfnnfO{
;fy lbFb} ufpF5g\ klg . 3f]/fxLsf] /‰]gf df=lj=df cª\u|]hL
k9fpg] l/hfn :yfgLo :ju{åf/L PkmPddf …c+u|]hL l;sfO
af]nfOÚ ;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;d]t rnfpF5g\ . t/, cGo ;+nUgtfx¿eGbf
cfˆgf] gfssf] l;tf/ arfpg] lrGtfn] pgnfO{ a9L 56\k6L x'g] u/]sf]
5 . /fdxl/ c¿df klg o:t} rf;f] hflulbP x'GYof] eGg]
rfxG5g\ .
•
gjLg ljef;
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