cfj/0f÷;/sf/
;fy{s k|hftGqsf] ;xL cEof;
awfO{ dGqL Û
/lj dfgGw/ |
cf};t
g]kfnLsf] cfo' %(=& jif{ ePsf] d'n'sdf @))&
;fn kmfu'g & ut]sf] dd{ a'´g]x¿dWo] yf]/} JolQmx¿
dfq xfdLdf‰ /xg' c:jfefljs xf]Og . ;ft ;fnsf] t s] s'/f
eof] /, @)!& ;fn k'; ! ut]kl5 hGd]sf g]kfnLx¿sf] Pp6f
l;Ëf] k':tf g} clxn] k|f}9 eO;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . @)$^ ;fn
r}t @^ ut] hGd]sfx¿dWo] ;d]t sltko hLjgsf] kf7zfnfdf k|j]z
ug]{ o'jf eO;s] . t/ lsg g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] k|of]u k6s k6s
c;kmn 7xl/g] u/]sf] 5 < ;ft ;fn, ;q ;fn, ;}FtL; ;fn / ;t\rfnL;
;fnsf hLjGt ;fIfLx¿n] OdfGbf/L;fy cfTd–lg/LIf0f ug]{
cfF6 b]vfpg ;s]gg\ eg] @)^! df3 !( ut] /fhf 1fg]Gb|åf/f JoQm
ul/Psf] pb\uf/, ædfgjclwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / /Iffn] k|hftflGqs d"Nosf]
;+/If0f tyf k|j4{g ug]{ dfq x}g, @! cf}F ztfAbL ;'xfpFbf] hLjg k|0ffnL
/ ;Eotfsf] klg ljsf; x'G5 eGg] xfd|f] ljZjf; 5Æ df cGt/lgxLt
efjgf / dd{nfO{ hLjgz}nLdf ptfg]{ k|of; ;kmn x'g ufx|f] x'g]5 .
;q ;fn / @)^! sf aLr ;dfgtf vf]Hg] cEof;df nfu]sfx¿n] …s]
eof]Ú eGg'eGbf klg …ca s] ug]{Ú eGg] s'/fdf
Wofgs]lGb|t ug'{ pko'Qm 7xl/g ;S5 .
n'O{ g]kf]lnogsf] c7f/f}F a|'d]o/sf
af/]df l6Kk0fL ub}{ sfn{dfS;{n] n]v]sf 5g\, æx]u]n eG5g\–
;a} P]ltxfl;s JolQm / k|j[lQx¿ bf]xf]¥ofP/ k|s6 x'G5g\ .
t/ pgn] s] yKg lal;{P eg] klxnf] cjt/0f bf?0f x'g] ub{5 eg] bf];|f]
dfq k|x;g .Æ k~rfotsfnsf …e"tÚ x¿nfO{
hufP/ ax'bnLo k|hftGqk|ltsf] /fhfsf] ckl/jt{gLo k|lta4tf sfo{¿kdf
?kfGt/0f x'g c;Dej ePsfn] /fhf lqe'jgsf kfnfb]lv g} /fh;+:yfaf6
k6s k6s cleJolQm x'Fb} cfPsf] k|hftGqk|ltsf] cf:yfnfO{ hLjGt t'Nofpg
/fhgLlts bnx¿ g} k'gM cufl8 a9\g ;Sg'kb{5 lsgeg] ;lqmo /fhgLlts
bnx¿ a]u/sf] ax'bnLotf Pj+ k|hftGqsf] sNkgf ;d]t ug{ ;lsFb}g .
o;y{ df3 !( sf] zfxL 3f]if0ff tyf To;kl5sf /fhfsf zf;sLo sbdx¿
k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx¿sf nflu r'gf}tLsf ;fy;fy} cj;/sf] ¿kdf
;d]t pkl:yt ePsf 5g\ . ca klg bnx¿n] cfˆgf] cf}lrTo
/ pkof]lutf l;4 ug{ ;s]gg\ eg] tL Oltxf;sf kfgfx¿df ;d]l6g
k'Ug]5g\ / ch/, cd/, k|hftGqsf] lg/Gt/tfsf nflu g]kfnLx¿n]
k'gM Psk6s gofF kfqx¿sf] vf]hL z'? ug{ afWo x'g]5g\ .
casf] sfo{;"rL
zfxL ;Daf]wgdf /fhfn], æk|hftGq hLjgz}nL agf];\, /fhgLlt k|hftflGqs
d"No / dfGotf adf]lhd rnf];\, ;a}n] ;a} If]qdf k|hftflGqs ljrf/k4ltnfO{
OdfGbf/Lk"j{s cg';/0f u?g\===Æ eGb} :ki6 zAbdf cfˆgf
rfxgfx¿nfO{ JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . /fhfsf]
;lbR5fnfO{ ;fsf/ t'Nofpg k"j{ c~rnfwLz, k"j{ /fli6«o
k~rfot ;b:o tyf cGo e'/]6fs'/] k"j{ k~rx¿sf] ;xof]un]
dfq ;Dej 5}g eGg] s'/f :jtM l;4 5– ltgn] ;Sg] eP plxNo} g]kfnLx¿sf]
hLjg:t/ Pl;ofnL dfkb08nfO{ pl5lg;s]sf] x'GYof] . zfxL
;Daf]wgsf] efjgf / dd{nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ dgf]j}1flgs, ;fdflhs Pj+
;+/rgfut kl/jt{gx¿ ug{' h?/L 5 / o:tfvfn] ;a} sfo{x¿
/fhgLlts bnx¿sf] cu|;/tf a]u/ ;Dej g} 5}g . zfxL ;Daf]wgdf
ax'bnLotfk|lt bzf{OPsf] k|lta4tf /fli6«o cfjZostf / k|fyldstfsf]
k|ltWjlg xf] .
of]uL ljsf;fgGbn] dgf]qmflGtnfO{ cfWoflTds ¿kdf
cYof{pg] u/]sf 5g\, t/ ;f]rfOd} kl/jt{g gNofO{ zf;sLo kl/jt{g lbuf]
x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f /fhgLlts dgf]1fgsf] cfwf/e"t dfGotfsf]
¿kdf :yflkt 5 . b'ef{Uojz cg'bf/jfb -sGh/e]l6Hd_ ;De|fGt
g]kfnL ;dfhdf lgs} g} km}lnPsf] 5 . cg'bf/jfbLx¿ cl:y/tf;Fu
8/fpF5g\ / lglZrttf dg k/fpF5g\ . km/s wf/0ff /fVg]x¿k|lt
cfqmfds x'g' Pj+ kl/jt{gnfO{ g;xg' cg'bf/jfbLx¿sf] cGt/lgxLt
rl/q xf] . t/ cfkm"eGbf zlQmzfnLx¿sf ;fd' nDk;f/
k/]/ lgwf{x¿sf cufl8 bDe k|bz{g ug]{ ltgsf] å}w rl/qn]
ubf{ ljutdf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] g]t[Tj:t/df ;d]t cg'bf/jfbLx¿
xfjL x'g k'u]sf lyP . g]kfnL sfª\u|]; / Pdfn] h:tf d"nwf/sf
bnx¿n] ;dfhdf JofKt cg'bf/jfbsf lj?4 ;f+:s[lts r]tgfsf] cleofg
g} z'? ug'{kb{5 . ;flxTo, kqsfl/tf, lzIff, :jf:Yo, Jofkf/ /
Joj;fo h:tf ;fj{hlgs hLjgsf] x/]s If]qdf k|hftflGqs hLjgz}nLsf ljleGg
cfofdx¿af/] k|rf/k|;f/ x'g' h?/L 5 . :jfutåf/,
lbkfjnL / s[t1tf 1fkgsf jQmJox¿af6 /fhfn] rfx]sf] æ@!
cf}F ztfAbL ;'xfpFbf] hLjg k|0ffnL / ;EotfÆ sf] ljsf; x'g
;Sb}g . t'?Gt} cflQg], l56} dflQg] tyf df}sf kfpgf;fy kflQg]
cj;/jfbLx¿sf] dgf]j[lQ kl/jt{g ug{ :ki6 k|hftflGqs ljrf/wf/fåf/f
clek|]l/t tyf hglxtk|lt k|lta4 ;+:s[ltsdL{x¿ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf]
kxndf dfq cufl8 cfpg ;Sb5g\ . gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08kl5 czf]egLo
gf/f nufpg], dfcf]jfbLx¿af6 c;Dej ck]Iff /fVg] tyf bnx¿nfO{
;Qf];/fk ug{ eg] ;aeGbf cufl8 ;g]{ hdftsf] dgf]j[lQnfO{ bnLo ;lqmotfaf6
dfq kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsG5 . k|hftGqjfbLx¿ :jefj}n] ;+oldt
x'g] ub{5g\ . To;}n] /fhgLlts bnsf s]xL g]tf–sfo{stf{x¿n]
cfˆgf lg/fzf jf s'07f kf]Vg slxn]sfxLF cdof{lbt efiff k|of]u
ug]{ xb;Dd k'u]sf eP tfklg dgf]j}1flgs kl/jt{gsf nflu ;+oldt ;f+:s[lts
cfGbf]ngsf] csf]{ s'g} ljsNk 5}g .
/fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;fdflhs sfo{;"rL klg
cfpg] lbgx¿df slDt r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'g] 5}gg\ . zfxL
;Daf]wgdf æ;fy{s ax'bnLo k|hftGq g} hgtfsf] k|efjsf/L zf;g
k|0ffnL xf] . ;kmn k|hftGq g} ;SsnL hgjfb xf]Æ eGg] lbzflgb]{z
cleJoQm ePsf] 5 . oL b'O{ jfSox¿n] g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf]
k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfb Pj+ Pdfn]sf] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] dd{nfO{ ;+Zn]if0f
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o; efjgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ d'Vo /fhgLlts bnx¿n]
;dfj]zL k|hftGqnfO{ c‰ Jofks ¿kdf JofVof ug'{ h?/L
5 . dw]zL, dlxnf, d';ndfg, blnt Pj+ cGo pk]lIft ;d'bfo, ju{
Pj+ If]qx¿nfO{ /fli6«o hLjgdf ;dflxt ug]{ 7f]; sfo{qmd
agfpg ;s] dfq bnx¿n] dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] k|rf/o'4nfO{ r'gf}tL
lbg ;Sg]5g\ . cNk;ª\Vos Pj+ ckx]lnt ;d'bfonfO{ alnsf]
af]sf] agfpg] k|j[lQ cg'bf/jfbLx¿df JofKt /x]sf] x'G5 .
/fhgLltzf:qdf ælgDgjuL{o clwgfosjfbÆ elgg] 3fts :jefj
o:t} rl/qsf] pkh xf] . o;nfO{ lg:t]h ug{ /fhgLlts bnx¿n]
dg, jrg / sd{n] ljljwtf, ax'ntf Pj+ ax'bnLotfk|lt k'gM k|lta4tf
hgfpg h?/L 5 .
;fdflhs kl/jt{gnfO{ ult lbg /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿sf]
lqmofsnfk k|]/0ffbfos x'g h?/L 5 . lg0ff{os 38Ldf s[i0fk|;fb
e§/fO{sf] cy{xLg df}gtf Pj+ ;Í6 ulxl/Fb} uPsf] a]nf
z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] if8\oGq–Ifdtfn] g]kfnL sfª\u|];nfO{
lj36gsf] ;+3f/df k'¥ofof] . h;/L eP klg l;+xb/af/ l5g]{
/ h] u/]/ eP klg dxŒjxLg s';L{df 6fFl;/xg] dfwjs'df/ g]kfnsf]
;Qfdf]xn] Pdfn] clxn] g 3/sf] g 3f6sf] bf?0f cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 .
g]tfx¿sf o:tf ckl/kSj lqmofsnfkn] ;fdflhs kl/jt{gk|lt k|lta4
h'‰f?x¿ t lrl9Psf 5g\
g}, k|hftGqnfO{ abgd ug]{ d;nfsf] lg/Gt/ vf]hLdf
/xg] cg'bf/jfbLx¿df gofF pT;fx knfPsf] 5 . clxn] k~rfotsf
…cfdfÚb]lv lnP/ 5f]/fgflt;Dd Ps}k6s ;nanfpg yfn]sf
5g\ . ltgnfO{ tx nufpg /fhgLlts bnx¿n] k|hftflGqs cEof;åf/f
k|dfl0ftsf ;fy;fy} gofF g]t[Tjk+lQm ;d]t cufl8 ;fg{ h?/L 5 .
dfcf]jfbL jf cGo s'g} lg/+ª\s'z tTjx¿;Fu k6Ss}
;D‰f}tf gug]{ ;+3if{zLn tyf cfbz{jfbL g]t[Tj /fhgLlts bnx¿af6
dfq pbo x'g ;Sb5 .
;fy{s k|hftGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ ;+/rgfut ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx¿
lgwf{/0f ug'{ ‰g} r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{ xf] . @))&
;fn kmfu'g & ut]sf] bL3{sfnLg c;/sf] ¿kdf g]kfndf b'O{
j6f s'/fx¿ b]lvP . k|ydtM /fhf lqe'jgsf] g]kfn cfudg
;Fu;Fu} zfxj+zsf] jr{:j k'g:yf{lkt eof] . bf];|f], k|hftGqsf]
la?jf g]kfnL df6f]df /f]lkof] . ;f}efUojz klxnf] pknlAw ljleGg
cf/f]x cj/f]xsf afah"b oyfjt\ 5 . t/, bf];|f] ;'?cftn]
lsg k"0f{tf kfpgaf6 ;w}F jl~rt x'g'k/]sf] 5 < k|hftGqnfO{
lbuf] t'Nofpg o;sf ;fyLx¿ cyf{t\ /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿n]
/fh;+:yfsf] lg/Gt/tfaf6 kf7 l;s]/ cf–cfˆgf] sfo{;"rLnfO{
kl/dfh{g ug{ pko'Qm x'g]5 .
/fh;+:yfsf] :yfloTj g]kfnLx¿sf] cfd;xdlt;Fu
hf]l8Psf] 5 . k|hftGqsf] xsdf ;d]t oxL s'/f nfu" x'G5 .
t];|f] ljZjsf clwsf+z d'n'sx¿sf] cg'ejn] s] b]vfpF5 eg] k|hftflGqs
d"No / dfGotfx¿sf kIfdf cfd;xdlt sfod x'g g;s]sf] ;dfhdf
k|hftGq sbflk km:6fpg ;Sb}g . cfd ;xdltsf] ;f‰f b:tfj]h
eg] d'n'ssf] ;+ljwfg xf] . ;+ljwfgdf lg/Gt/ kl/jt{gsf] rfxgf
/fVg' c:jfefljs xf]Og, t/ x/]s k6s ;+ljwfg g} RofTg cu|;/ x'g] k|j[lQn]
hlxn] klg ;+ljwfg–Ot/ kIfnfO{ g} alnof] agfpF5 .
k/:k/ ;Ddfg :yflkt x'g] /fhgLlts jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f
;+/rgfut ;'wf/sf] bf];|f] a'Fbf x'g h?/L 5 . ;Qf;Lgsf] pkxf;
/ k|ltkIfsf] cjx]ngfaf6 k|hftGq ;+:yfut x'g ;Sb}g . ;q ;fnsf]
sf08kl5 To;a]nfsf] k|d'v k|ltkIfL uf]/vf bn g]kfnL sfª\u|];;Fu
;Qfnf]en] xft]dfnf] ug{ uPsf] kSs} klg xf]Og . t/ To; pT;fxk|b
k|s/0fsf kf7x¿ cfTd;ft\ ug{ dfwj g]kfn / kz'klt zdz]/sf]
t s] s'/f, u'?–r]nf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf tyf z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn]
;d]t s'g} cu|;/tf clxn];Dd b]vfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . /fhf dx]Gb|
/ aLkL sf]O/fnfaLr /fhgLlts ;fdGh:o slxNo} :yflkt x'g ;s]g, t/ pgLx¿sf]
cfk;L ;DaGwdf s6'tf klg slxNo} pTkGg ePg . ;+:yfx¿ ltSttf
xf]Og, ;xgzLntfaf6 dfq lbuf] aGg ;Sb5g\ eGg] tYonfO{ sfo{¿kdf
ptfg]{ /rgfTds ;f]rsf] vfFrf] @)!( ;fnsf] k~rfotL ;+ljwfg agfpFbf
hlt lyof] clxn] klg Tolt g} 5 . c¿df kl/jt{g x'G5 eGg]
ck]Iff /fVg' c:jfefljs xf]Og, t/ bnx¿n] cf–cfˆgf
g]tf sfo{stf{x¿sf] cfr/0f k|hftflGqs agfpg] ;+:yfut k|of;
cljnDa z'? ug'{kb{5 .
k|hftGqsf] eljio
ljut ( jif{b]lv dfcf]jfbL lx+;faf6 cfqmfGt g]kfnLx¿nfO{ df3
!( sf] zfxL sbdx¿n] yk lrlGtt t'Nofpg' c:jfefljs xf]Og .
t/ ljklQsf a]nf lrGtf eGbf klg ljZjf;n] an k|of]u ub{5 eGg]
s'/f klg plQs} alnof] oyfy{ xf] . casf] hdfgfdf k|hftflGqs
cfsf+IffnfO{ s'l07t u/]/ /fVg ;lsFb}g eGg] s'/f dfcf]jfbLx¿sf]
clxn];Ddsf c;kmntfaf6 g} ;fljt eO;s]sf] 5 . hlt;'s}
bdg / b'ik|rf/sf xts08fx¿ ckgfOP klg hgfb{g eO;s]sf hgtfnfO{
/}tL jf sdf/f] agfO/fVg sbflk ;Dej 5}g . of] tYo ædfgjclwsf/sf]
;Ddfg / ;+/If0fdf /fHosf ;a} c+ux¿ ljz]if ¿kdf ;ts{
/ ;hu /xg'kb{5Æ eGg] zfxL ;Daf]wgsf] jfSodf k|ltWjlgt ePsf]
5 . k|hftGq a]u/ dfgjclwsf/sf] sNkgf ;d]t ug{ ;lsFb}g .
/fhgLltzf:qdf egfO 5M h;n]
;'/Iffsf nflu :jtGqtfsf] d"No r'sfpg ws dfGb}g, p;n] cGttM
b'j} s'/f u'dfpF5 . dfcf]jfbL lj?4sf] ;ª\3if{nfO{
ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] cEof;n] dfq k|efjsf/L agfpg ;Sb5 eGg] s'/fdf
g]kfnsf k|fozM ;a} ljb]zL ldq tyf z'e]R5'sx¿ Psdt 5g\ .
cGt/f{li6«o ;d‰bf/Lsf] pn{+bf] j]unfO{ ;fy{s k|hftGqsf]
lxtdf k|of]u ug{ /fhgLlts bnx¿n] cljnDa cu|;/tf lng plrt
x'g]5 . ;Í6 / ljklQsf] >[ª\vnf;Fu
;+;f/sf] ljleGg efudf h'lw/x]sf] cGt/f{li6«o hgdtnfO{ g]kfnsf
hgtfx¿sf] kIfdf pEofpg g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] dxflwj]zg
jf Pdfn]sf] sfo{stf{ e]nf h:tf /fhgLlts sfo{qmdx¿n] ljb]zL
ko{j]Ifsx¿sf] pkl:yltdf lg/Gt/tf kfpg h?/L 5 .
rf}w jif{;Dd slxNo} /fhgLlts
bnx¿sf] lqmofsnfk;Fu ;Gt'i6 x'g g;s]sf ;~rf/sdL{x¿n]
k|hftGqsf] dxQf !( df3kl5sf] @$ 306fleq yfxf kfP . of] …zs
y]/fkLÚ af6 u'h|]sf ;~rf/sdL{x¿ /fhfsf] ;lbR5f
cg';f/ æzf;g z}nL;Fu} hLjg k4ltnfO{ g} k|hftflGqs d"No
/ cfbz{af6 k|]l/tÆ agfpg yk pT;fxsf ;fy nflukg]{ lglZrt 5 .
;fy{s k|hftGqsf] eljio ;'lglZrt ug{ ;~rf/sdL{x¿ k|lta4 x'g'
;'gf}nf] eljiosf] Bf]ts xf] .
/fhfn] d'n'sdf zflGt :yfkgf ug{ sDd/ s;]sf eP tfklg
/fhgLlts bnx¿ cu|;/ geP;Dd /fi6«k|d'vsf rfxgfx¿n]
d"t{?k kfpg ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsFb}g . To;}n]
/fhfnfO{ cgfjZos pxfkf]xaf6 d'\Qm /fVg /fhfs} ;lbR5f cg';f/ ;d]t
ax'bnLo k|hftGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ h?/L 5 .
;do, JolQm Pj+ kl/l:ylt h:tf
;a} s'/fx¿ k|hftGqsf nflu cg's"n x'Fbfx'Fb} kmfu'g &
sf] efjgf / dd{ ;Í6df kg{ k'Ug' P]ltxfl;s c;Ëltsf ¿kdf
g]kfnLx¿sf cufl8 pkl:yt ePsf] 5 . ;ft ;fnkl5 jL/]Gb|
afx]ssf /fhf lqe'jg, /fhf dx]Gb|sf ;fy} /fhf 1fg]Gb|nufotsf tLg
tLg /fi6«k|d'vx¿n] ;/sf/ k|d'vsf] ;d]t lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x
ug{ cu|;/ x'g'kg]{ cj:yfnfO{ pT;fxhgs dfGg ufx|f] 5 . o; k|sf/sf
lj;Ëltx¿af6 ;bfsf nflu d'lQm kfpg k|hftflGqs hLjgz}nLnfO{
;a}n] cfTd;ft\ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf k'gM Psk6s phfu/ ePsf] 5 .
. t/ k|hftGqsf] eljiosf
af/]df zÍf p7fpg' eGg' g} /fi6«sf] eljionfO{ vt/fdf
k'¥ofpg' xf] . g]kfnsf] cv08tf, :jtGqtf tyf ;fj{ef}ldstf
k|hftGqsf] eljio;Fu cljl5Gg ¿kdf ufFl;Psfn] g} /fhfn] ;d]t
ax'bnLo k|hftGqdf pgsf] k|lta4tf ckl/jt{gLo /x]sf] s'/f dxŒjsf
;fy JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . lbzfe|d / cj?4 ultn] s]xL cndlnPsf] h:tf]
cg'ej eP klg ;fy{s ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] uGtJodf k'¥ofpg] ;xL uf]/]6f]
/fhgLlts bnx¿sf] g]t[Tj Pj+ ;lqmotfaf6 dfq lgdf{0f x'G5 eGg]
oyfy{nfO{ dgg ug{ h?/L 5 . ;ft ;fnb]lv
xfn;Ddsf cg'ej cg'e"ltx¿sf kl/k|]Iodf g]kfnL hgtf k|hftflGqs
cEof;sf nflu c‰} kl/kSj eO;s]sf 5}gg\ eGg] 7DofO ljNs'n} j:t'k/s
5}g . hgflwsf/sf] pn{+bf] nx/nfO{ c:yfoL tj/n] s]xL ;dosf nflu
5]Sg ;lsP klg nfdf] cjlw;Dd To;nfO{ /f]s]/ /fVg sbflk ;lsFb}g .
o;k6ssf] k|hftGq lbj;n] hgtfsf] zlQmnfO{ km]l/ Psk6s ;lD‰g]
df}sf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . eljiodf ljZjf; /fVg]x¿ jt{dfg
oyfy{b]lv tl;{g 5f8]/ Oltxf;af6 pTk|]/0ff lng cl3 a9] eg] cfz hf]ufpg
ufx|f] x'g] 5}g .
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