| :ynut÷kfNkf
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;}Go etL{ cleofg
sf]xL gkfPkl5 :s"n] ljBfyL{
pd]/ k'u]sf o'jfx¿ ufpF–lhNnfaf6
knfog u/]kl5 dfcf]jfbLnfO{ aGb's af]lslbg] hgzlQm km]nf kfg{ wf}–wf}
x'gyfn]sf] 5 . o;} eP/ kfNkf, u'NdL If]qsf dfcf]jfbLx¿
clxn] :s"n] ljBfyL{sf] k5fl8 k/]sf 5g\ .
• h]aL
k'g du/
/ljg ;fo\ld
|
…ljz]if hg;}Go
cleofgÚ sf gfddf dfcf]jfbLn] klZrd kxf8df
ljBfyL{ ckx/0f ug{] qmdnfO{ tLa|tf lbPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx¿
u'NdL, afUn'Ë, c3f{vfFrL kl5 ljBfyL{nfO{ cfˆgf] ;]gfdf
egf{ ug{ clxn] kfNkfsf] klZrd e]u;Dd cfOk'u]sf 5g\ . #) ;fpgdf
klZrd kfNkfsf ljBfnoaf6 tLg ;oeGbf a9L ljBfyL{nfO{ cg]/f:jljo"
qmflGtsf/Lsf] bf]>f] lhNnf e]nfdf hfg] eg]/ j]bj]bfË ;+:s[t
dflj l;4]Zj/Ù kfNkfdf hDdf kfl/Psf] lyof] .
dfcf]jfbL u'NdLn] of] cleofgcGtu{t If]qLo la|u]8
tof/ kfg]{ eGb} …Ps 3/ Ps JolQmÚ sf] pbL{ hf/L u/L
ljz]if hg;}Go etL{ cleofg rnfO/x]sf] 5 . of] pbL{ yfxf kfPsf
ufpFsf o'jfx¿ ljb]lzg yfn]kl5 dfcf]jfbLn] b'O{ jif{;Dd …ufpF
5f8]/ cGoq ghfgÚ lgb]{zg lbPsf 5g\ . t}klg y'k|} ljBfyL{x¿
n'sLl5kL ufpFaf6 eflu/x]sf 5g\ . ef/t l5g{ /ftf/ft efu]/ kfNkf
cfOk'u]sf u'NdL cvf{jfËsf hf]uaxfb'/ 3tL{;lxtsf Ps x'n o'jfx¿n]
lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/, æu'NdLsf klZrd ufpFx¿ nueu o'jfljxLg
ePsf 5g\ .Æ dfcf]jfbLn] ljBfyL{nfO{ af/Daf/ sfo{qmddf
n}hfg yfn]kl5 x'g]vfg] ljBfyL{x¿ kfNkf, a'6jn h:tf zx/df
a;]/ k9\g yfn]sf 5g\ eg] k};f lt/]/ k9\g g;Sg]x¿ 3/af6 efu]/
ef/t l5/]sf 5g\ . sltko rflxF g]kfns} ljleGg zx/x¿df
sfd vf]Hg lxF8]sf 5g\ . u'NdLsf kqsf/ lvd/fh clwsf/L eG5g\,
æckfË, aflx/ hfg c;Ifd / rf}w jif{d'lgsf ljBfyL{ dfq
ljBfnodf e]l6G5g\ .Æ
aGb'ssf] e/df plePsf dfcf]jfbLsf nflu o'jfx¿
ufpFaf6 knfog eOlbg' clxn] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;Í6 ePsf] 5 .
cfTd;dk{0f / ;'/Iff sf/afxLaf6 5fkfdf/x¿sf] ;ª\Vof 36\b}
uPsf] 5 . To;sf] abnfdf gofF etL{ ug{ g;s]kl5 dfcf]jfbLsf]
slyt …/0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fÚ sf] /0fgLlt ;Í6df
k/]sf] a'´g ;lsG5 . To;}n] pgLx¿ ljBfyL{ k|of]u
u/]/ cfˆgf] ;]gfsf] ;ª\Vof a9fpg] ;lhnf] af6f]df nfu]sf
5g\ . cf};t dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] eGg] z}nLd} kfNkfsf dfcf]jfbL
g]tf g]q kf08] eG5g\, ælg0ff{os n8fOFsf] nflu cGo If]qaf6
h:t} ljBfyL{{x¿n] xfd|f nflu xltof/ af]lslbg] cfZjf;g lbPsf
5g\ .Æ
hgjfbL lzIffsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg eg]/ ckxl/t w]/}h;f]
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ xltof/;DaGwL k|lzIf0f lbg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
#) ;fpgdf dfcf]jfbLsf] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL eO{ kmls{Psf lqe'jg pRr
dflj cu{nLsf ljBfyL{x¿sf] egfOdf, pgLx¿nfO{ ToxfF
lZfIffeGbf /fhgLlts efif0f a9L ;'gfOof] . v'Nnf / aGb u/L b'O{
r/0fdf rnfOPsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf k|To]s sIffaf6 r'lgPsf %÷%
hgf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ aGb;qdf g]q kf08] / cg]/f:jljo" qmflGtsf/Lsf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;Ltf af}8]nn] ljz]if k|lzIf0fsf gfpFdf o'4df xf]ldg]
cfu|x u/]sf lyP . ToxfF hDdf ul/Psf tLg ;o a9L o'jf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{
…/fli6«otf vt/fdf k/]sf]n] sfkL–snd kmfnL xltof/
p7fpgÚ cfu|x ul/Psf] lyof] . ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ g]q
kf08]n] eg]sf lyP, æo:tf a'h{'jf lzIff k9]/ s] u5f}{ <
/f]huf/L gkfOg] o:tf lzIffsf] s]xL sfd 5}g . xfdL hgjfbL lzIff
lbG5f}F . clxn] k9\g] x}g xltof/ af]Sg] a]nf xf] . k9\g]
pd]/ y'k|} 5 .Æ
h]aL |
| lqe'jg pRr dflj cu{nL, kfNkfsf ljBfyL{x¿ .
|
dfcf]jfbLsf rsf{ efif0fn] slnnf ljBfyL{nfO{ s]xL xb;Dd
k|efj kf/]sf] cg'ej lqe'jg pRr dflj cu{nLsf k|frfo{ >Lw/ e§/fO{sf]
5 . #) ;fpgdf k|lzIf0f lnP/ cfPkl5 #@ ut] dfcf]jfbLn] km]l/
ljBfnod} cleefjs;lxtsf] cGt/lqmof 8fs] . dfcf]jfbLn] cª\u|]hL
ljifo P]lR5s agfOg'kg{] s'/f /fv] . g]kfn lzIfs ;+3sf lhNnf
;efklt ;d]t /x]sf >Lw/ e§/fO{ eG5g\, æTo;kl5 sltko
ljBfyL{x¿n] cª\u|]hL k9fpg kfOFb}g eg]/ s]xL lbg;Dd
xf]xNnf g} dRrfP .Æ
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cfGbf]lnt agfpg], ljBfnosf]
z}lIfs cj:yf vNanfOlbg], lzIffk|lt g} ljt[i0ff hufpg], dgf]j}1flgs
¿kdf o'4k|lt cfslif{t ug]{ / hg;}Go cleofgdf etL{ u/fpg]
dfcf]jfbLsf] /0fgLlt b]lvG5 . pgLx¿ jt{dfg lzIff k|0ffnLn]
a]/f]huf/ dfq hGdfpg] x'gfn] /f]huf/ l;h{gf ug]{ hgjfbL lzIff k|0ffnL
nfu' ug{'kg{] / To;sf nflu hgjfbL ;Qf :yfkgf ug{ n8f}F eGb} ljBfyL{nfO{
/fhgLltdf tfGg k|oTg/t\ 5g\ . /, cGtdf To:tf] ;Qf xltof/af6
dfq ;Dej 5 eg]/ xltof/ af]Sg pS;fO/x]sf 5g\ pgLx¿ .
!% jif{;Dd lzIfs /x]sf dfcf]jfbL g]tf g]q kf08]sf] egfO klg o:t}
5, æsf]l/ofdf $÷$ jif{;Dd ljBfno aGb u/]/ ljBfyL{n]
:jfwLgtfsf] nflu xltof/ af]s]sf lyP eg] oxfF klg ljBfyL{n] xltof/
af]Sbf s] cgy{ x'G5 Û o'4df ;a hfoh 5 .Æ
…aGb's rflxPg, k9\g kfpFÚ
$ ebf}df …afnaflnsf zflGt If]q x'g\Ú eg]/ afnlbj; dgfO/xFbf
klZrd kfNkfsf cfwf bh{geGbf a9L ljBfnosf ljBfyL{ cftÍk"0f{
jftfj/0fdf lyP . …xfdLn] rfx]sf] avt ltdLx¿nfO{
hlta]nf klg lng cfpF5f}FÚ eGg] dfcf]jfbL egfOsf sf/0f # ebf}df
kqsf/x¿ cfbz{ pRr dfWolds ljBfnosf] kl/;/df l5bf{ ljBfyL{x¿
aLr efubf}8 dlRrPsf] lyof] . k|frfo{ 1fg]Gb| a:tfsf]6L eG5g\,
ætkfO{Fx¿nfO{ dfcf]jfbL 7fg]/ lng cfPsf xf]nfg\ eg]/
pgLx¿ efu]sf x'g\ .Æ t/ olt x'Fbf klg dfcf]jfbLx¿
:jtkm"t{ ¿kdf ljBfyL{x¿ sfo{qmddf uPsf] bfaL
ug{ kl5 kb{}gg\ .
;/:jtL dflj v;f}nLdf !) sIffdf k9\g] 5f]/f
cf]dk|;fb kf08]nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] hLkdf xfn]/ n}hfg nfUbf vf];]/ kmsf{Psf]
atfpg] xfyf]{ssL ljGbf kf08] elG5g\ ævfO{gvfO{ x'sf{Psf] 5f]/f]
dfcf]jfbLn] nfg] eg]b]lv /fd|/L vfg ;d]t ?Rb}g ca a'6jnlt/ k9\g
k7fpg] ;f]rfO agfPsL 5' .Æ ;/:jtL dfljs} 5fqf k|Llt dxh{g
dfcf]jfbLn] n}hfG5g\ eGg] ;'g]b]lv ljBfno uOgg\ . ToxL ‰f]Fsdf
dfcf]jfbLn] pgnfO{ cg]/f:jljo" qmflGtsf/L OsfO{ cWoIf agfOlbPsf]
;xkf7L cf]dk|;fb kf08] atfpF5g\ . To;kl5 8/n] dxh{g ljBfno
hfg} 5f8]sL l5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLsf o:tf ultljlwaf/] ;/sf/L lgsfo lrGtf
JoQm afx]s s]xL ug{ ;Sb}g . kfNkfsf lgldQ lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L,
/fdhL 1jfnL eG5g\, ædfcf]jfbLn] 5fkfdf/ aGg pS;fP/ ljBfyL{sf]
z}lIfs cj:yf 8fFjf8f]n kfl/lbPsf 5g\ .Æ
!% ufh; 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] kfNkfdf @)%$ ;fnb]lv
dfcf]jfbLn] cfˆgf] ;Ë7g z'? u/]sf] xf] . du/ft :jfoQ
If]qcGtu{t kg]{ du/ ax'n o; lhNnfdf du/x¿n] g} pgLx¿nfO{
;fy lbPsf 5}gg\ . g]q kf08] du/x¿df ePsf] r]tgfsf] sdLn]
pgLx¿sf] plrt k|ltlglwTj x'g g;s]sf] ts{ lbG5g\ . kfNkfdf
dfcf]jfbLn] ck]Iff u/]h:tf] ;kmntf kfPsf 5}gg\ . k|frfo{ >Lw/
e§/fO{sf c'g;f/, k9fO 5f8]/ aGb's af]Sg] ljBfyL{x¿ kfNkfdf
cToGt sd 5g\ . pgs} ljBfnoaf6 !) kf; u/L tfg;]gdf cfO=P:;L
k9\b} ubf{ e"ldut ePsf 6Lsf kf08] / !) sIffdf k9\bfk9\b} 5fkfdf/
ag]sf cu{nLs} dw';"bg kf08] afx]s cGo ljBfyL{x¿ aGb's
af]s]/ lxF8]sf] pgnfO{ yfxf 5}g .
#) ;fpgsf] sfo{qmddf dfcf]jfbLn] nu]sf nueu
;a} ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x¿;Fu cGt/lqmof ubf{ s'g} o:tf] ljBfyL{
e]l6Pg h;sf] klxnf] k|fyldstf …aGb'sÚ af]Sg] xf];\ .
;a}sf] Psdt lyof], xfd|f] klxnf] k|fyldstf dfq k9\g' xf] .
lqe'jg pRr dfljdf !@ sIffsL ljBfyL{ k"hf kf08] dfcf]jfbL cfP/
h] klg ug{;Sg] ePsf]n] aGb's af]Sg gfOF eGg g;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] atfpFl5g\ .
ljBfyL{x¿ Ps:j/n] eG5g\, æxfdLnfO{ s;}sf] aGb's rflxPg
k9\g kfP k'Uof] .Æ
ljBfyL{x¿ aGb's dflu/x]sf
5g\
g]q kf08], dfcf]jfbL
hgk|zf;g k|d'v, kfNkf
ljBfyL{nfO{ sfo{qmddf
lsg nu]sf] <
ljBfyL{ dfq x}g ;a}n] xfdLnfO{ ;fy lbg] elg/x]sf 5g\ . ljBfyL{
a9L ;r]t x'g] x'Fbf pgLx¿af6 cjZo cln a9L ;xof]u lnOg]5 .
o;n] pgLx¿sf]
k9fOdf c;/ kf5{ lg <
clxn] sfkLsnd x}g aGb's af]s]/ /fi6«sf] nflu n8\g'kg]{ a]nf
xf] eGg] s'/f ;r]t ljBfyL{n] a'l‰;s]sf 5g\ .
To;f] eP tkfO{Fx¿sf]
sfo{qmddf hfg ljBfyL{ lsg 8/fO/x]sf 5g\ <
clxn] sf] 8/fPsf] 5}g < ;a} 8/}8/df afFlr/x]sf] cj:yfdf
ljBfyL{ 8/fpg' s'g} gf}nf] s'/f ePg .
clxn];Dd slt ljBfyL{n]
xltof/ p7fPsf 5g\ <
xfdLn] y]Ug g;Sg] cj:yf 5 . ljBfyL{x¿ o'4k|lt cfslif{t
eO{ sfkLsnd kmfnL xltof/ dflu/x]sf 5g\ . e]/L–s0ff{nL,
;]tL–dxfsfnL / ljz]if If]qdf ljBfyL{x¿n] hgldlnl;of
lau|]8 3f]if0ff ul/;s] . kfNkfdf klg ljBfyL{n] rfF8} sDkgL
3f]if0ff ub}{5g\ . xfdLn] kfNkfdf Psfw 7fpF o:tf] agfOlbPsf
5f}F ls o'4df hfg glbg] xf] eg] ljBfyL{x¿n] cfTdxTof ug]{
l:ylt 5 .
dfcf]jfbL ;Qfdf rflxF
z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] s'g} cy{ x'Gg <
dfcf]jfbL ;Qfdf k|df0fkq ePs} cfwf/df gf]s/L kfpg] eGg] x'Fb}g .
hf] hxfF bIf 5 ToxfF p;n] gf]s/L kfpF5 . t/, oL ef]lnsf ;d:of
ef]ln g} xn ul/g] s'/f eP .
zx/df ;/sf/L z'Ns cftÍ
dfcf]jfbL cftÍaf6
u|l;t zx/sf lghL :s"nx¿dfly clxn] csf]{ cftÍ
ylkPsf] 5– gofF z'Nssf] . lghL af]l8{ª :s"nx¿sf]
dxËf] z'Ns lj?4 dfcf]jfbL, Pdfn] / sfª\u|];sf ljBfyL{
;Ë7gx¿n] u/]sf] cfGbf]ngsf] kl/0ffd:j?k @$ c;f/ @)^)
df lzIff ljefusf tTsfnLg lgb]{zs hgfb{g g]kfnsf] ;+of]hsTjdf u7g
ePsf] z'Ns tyf 5fqj[lQ lgwf{/0f;DaGwL sfo{bnn] ?=#)) b]lv ?=&))
;Ddsf] Ps}gf;sf] cfwf/e"t z'Ns l;kmfl/; u/]/ lzIff dGqLnfO{
a'‰fPsf] k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog x'gyfn]kl5 dfl;s ?=$–% xhf/
z'Ns lnO/x]sf :s"nx¿ tl;{Psf 5g\ .
k|ltj]bgn] l;kmfl/; u/] cg'?k ?=#)) b]lv ?=&))
/ To;df ljleGg ;'ljwfo'Qm ljBfnon] yk lng kfpg] elgPsf] @% b]lv
%) k|ltzt hf]8\bf klg cfkm"n] lbFb} cfPsf] :t/sf] lzIff÷;'ljwf
lbg c;Dej x'g] To:tf ljBfnox¿sf] bfaL 5 . sfo{bnn] ljBfyL{sf]
z'Ns h:t} u/L lzIfssf] tna klg l;kmfl/; ul/lbPsf] 5– dfl;s
?=$!)) b]lv ?=&%)) ;Dd . ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ :t/Lo / k|lt:kwf{Tds
lzIff lbg ?=@)–@% xhf/ lbP/ lzIfs /fVg] :s"nn] sfo{bnn]
tf]s]sf] tnaaf6 k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf ePsf lzIfs g} gkfpg] :ki6 5 .
Pp6f sIffdf (–!) j6f;Dd ;d"x agfP/ xhf/f}F ljBfyL{x¿
k9fO/x]sf s]xL ljBfnosf nflu eg] k|ltj]bgsf oL l;kmfl/;x¿sf]
sfof{Gjog j/bfg ;fljt x'g;S5 .
ef}uf]lns If]qnfO{ dfq d'Vo cfwf/ agfP/ z'Ns tyf tna
lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bgn] ljBfnox¿sf] ef}lts l:ylt,
Ifdtf, k7gkf7g z}nL, lzIf0f ;fdu|L, cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk, lzIfs–ljBfyL{
cg'kft, lzIfsx¿sf] tflnd–k|lzIf0f, lzIfsx¿nfO{
lbOg] tna ;'ljwf, cleefjsx¿sf] l:ylt h:tf s'/fsf] lglZrt
kl/efiff / dfkb08nfO{ cfwf/ agfPsf] b]lvFb}g . sfo{bnn] cfˆgf
5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ cfkm"n] /f]h]sf] h:tf] lzIff lbg rfxg] cleefjsx¿sf]
clwsf/ tyf cleefjs / ljBfyL{nfO{ l/‰fP/ z'Ns lng kfpg] ljBfnosf]
cj;/ b'j} s'l07t u/]sf] 5 . olt;Dd ls k|ltj]bgn] sfo{bnsf Ps
;b:o ;]G6 h]leo;{ :s"nsf lk|lG;kn kmfb/ n/]G;sf] …s'g}
ljBfnon] yk z'Ns lng'kg]{ cf}lrTo;lxt cleefjssf] ax'dtsf] ;xdlt
lnP/ cfPdf lng kfpg'kg]{Ú k|:tfjnfO{ klg c:jLsf/ u/]sf] lyof] .
ljBfnox¿nfO{ sDkgL sfg"g cg';f/sf] ;+:yfut dfGotf lbPkl5
/fd|f] ;]jf lbPafkt /fd|f] z'Ns lng lbg'kg]{ s'/f klg p7]sf 5g\ .
o:tf] z'Ns k4ltn] lghL If]qn] g]kfnd} k|bfg u/]sf]
pRr:t/Lo lzIffn] cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ljb]zdf k9\g k7fpg] cleefjsx¿sf]
dg kmsf{pg ;kmn x'Fb} uPsf] k[i7e"lddf pgLx¿nfO{ km]l/
cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/L ljb]zlt/} ws]Ng afWo agfpg ;S5 . ljBfyL{x¿af6
p7fPsf] z'Nssf] lglZrt c+z ljleGg lhNnf / If]qsf sdhf]/ ljBfnox¿sf]
ef}lts tyf z}lIfs :t/ dfly p7fpg] sfddf vr{ ug]{ ljBfnosf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{
klg k|efljt ug{ ;S5 .
tTsfn dfcf]jfbL / cGo kf6L{sf ljBfyL{ ;Ë7gx¿nfO{
v'zL kfg]{, lzIff If]qdf …s]xL ul//x]sf]Ú b]vfpg] /
;:tf] nf]slk|otf sdfpg] lx;fan] cfPsf] 7flgPsf] of] k|ltj]bgn] ljBfno
lzIff;DaGwL ;d:ofsf] bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfg eGbf klg 6fn6'n] / 9fs5f]ksf]
af6f] cjnDag u/]sf] sltko lzIffljb\x¿ atfpF5g\ . |
