/fhgLlt

sfª\u|]; / ;+ljwfg;efa
sfª\u|]; / ;+ljwfg;ef

@))& ;fn
æg]kfnL sfª\u|];n] ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] tfut a6'n]/ clGtd cfGbf]ngsf] tof/L u/L kfl/jfl/s zf;gnfO{ pv]nL ˆofFSg] lgZro u/]sf] 5 === jt{dfg zf;gsf] cGt eO;s]kl5 aflnu dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] Pp6f kl/ifb jf ;ef u7g ul/g]5 / ToxL kl/ifb jf ;efn] g]kfn hg/fHosf] ;+ljwfg jf /fHo ;~rfng;DaGwL lgodsfg'g agfpg] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{5Æ,
–g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] 3f]if0ffkq, @))&

)& ;fnsf] /f0ffzf;g lj/f]wL ;ª\3if{ ljwfg;ef -;+ljwfg;ef_ sf] lgjf{rg ug]{ ;xdltdf 6'lËPsf] lyof] . /fhf lqe'jgn] klg & kmfu'g @))& sf] ;Gb]zdf :ki6 eg]sf lyP, æxfd|f k|hfsf] zf;g ca pk/fGt logLx¿n] lgjf{lrt u/]sf] Ps j}wflgs ;efn] th'{df u/]sf] u0ftGqfTds ljwfgcg';f/ xf];\ eGg] xfd|f] OR5f / lg0f{o xf] .Æ !( r}t @))& df hf/L ul/Psf] cGtl/d zf;g ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf klg /fhfsf] of] OR5f bf]xf]¥ofOPsf] 5 .

@)!@
tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL 6Ík|;fb cfrfo{n] ljefg;efsf] geO{ ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg'kg]{ dfu cl3 ;f/]kl5 ;+ljwfg;efsf] k|;Ë klxnf]rf]l6 ljjfbdf k¥of] . sfª\u|]; g]tf aLkL sf]O/fnfn] To;sf] lj/f]w ub}{ lgjf{rg ljwfg;efs} x'g'kg]{ lhls/ u/]/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ u/fP . t/ cbfntn] Tof] d'2f tLg dlxgfkl5 vf/]h ul/lbof] .

@)!$
g]kfnL sfª\u|];n] ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] dfu ub}{ eb|–cj1f cfGbf]ng z'? u/]kl5 /fhf dx]Gb|n] ljwfg;efsf] ;§f ;+;b–lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff ul/lbP . aLkL sf]O/fnfn] /fhfsf] pQm 3f]if0ff @))& ;fnsf] zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] t'ngfdf k|ltlqmofjfbL ePsf] t/ d'n'ssf] c;xh /fhgLlts l:yltnfO{ x]bf{ sfª\u|];;Fu ;+;bsf] r'gfj :jLsf/ ug'{sf] ljsNk gePsf] k|ltlqmof lbP . To;kl5 )& ;fnb]lv sfª\u|];sf] cfwf/e"t dfusf ¿kdf /xFb} cfPsf] ljwfg;ef -;+ljwfg;ef_ sf] dfu yfGsf] nfUof] .

@)!&–@)$^
/fhf dx]Gb|n] ! k'; @)!& df lgjf{lrt ;/sf/, ;+;b / ;+ljwfg vf/]h u/]kl5sf #@ jif{ -@)$^ ;Dd_ g]kfnL sfª\u|];n] k~rfotsf] ;dflKt / ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs Joj:yfsf] k'gM:yfkgfsf] dfu /fv]/ cfGbf]ng ul//Xof] . -sfª\u|]; g]tf /fdrGb| kf}8]n @)@# ;fndf ;'j0f{ zdz]/sf] cWoIftfdf snsQfdf ;DkGg sfª\u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfu u/]sf] atfpF5g\ . t/ To;a]nfsf] cflwsfl/s lg0f{o kf6L{df ;'/lIft 5}g ._ @)!* ;fnsf] cfGbf]ng, @)#^–#& sf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng / hgdt ;ª\u|x, @)$@ sf]] ;Tofu|x / @)$^ sf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf a]nfdf ;d]t sfª\u|];n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfu u/]g .

@)$&–)%*$^
@# sflQs @)$& df g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg nfu" ePb]lv !* c;f]h @)%( ;Ddsf] !@ jif{sf] cjlwdf ;+;bsf lglDt tLg j6f cfdr'gfj ;DkGg eP, ;of}++ sfg'gx¿ ag] . oxL cjlwdf -! kmfu'g @)%@ b]lv_ dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x hlGdof] . ;+;bLo /fhgLltdf y'k|} ptf/r9fj / ljs[ltx¿ klg b]vf k/] . ;]gf kl/rfngsf] ;jfndf t b'O{ b/af/aLrsf] rsf]{ dgd'6fj ;fj{hlgs g} eof] . oxL cjlwdf b/af/ xTofsf08 -!( h]7 @)%*_ eof] / /fhtGqsf] Oltxf;d} klxnf]k6s bfh'af6 efOdf /fhu2L uof] . t/ klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] s'/f sfª\u|];n] p7fPg .

!* c;f]h )%(
/fhfn] lgjf{lrt ;/sf/ avf{:t u/] .

% sflQs )%(
/fhfsf] !* c;f]hsf] sbdkl5 nuQ} kf6L{n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08f af]Sg'kg]{ ts{ sfª\u|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:oåo rqm afF:tf]nf / g/xl/ cfrfo{n] ub}{ cfPsf lyP . oxL k|;Ëdf 5nkmn ug{ a;]sf] sfª\u|]; s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sn] …;+ljwfg;ef x'Fb}gÚ eg]/ cf}krfl/s lg0f{o u¥of] . tyflk jfF:tf]nf / cfrfo{n] JolQmut ¿kdf o;nfO{ ax;sf] ljifo agfO/x] . sfª\u]|; ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] cfkm"nfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljkIfdf pEofpFb} ;+;b k'gM:yfkgfsf] dfu p7fO/x] . kf6L{sf] cflwsfl/s dfu klg oxL lyof] .

( c;f/ )^)
sfª\u|];sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sn] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k|:tfj;lxt !$ a'Fb] /fhgLlts sfo{qmd kfl/t u¥of] h;df ;+ljwfg;efsf] pNn]v lyPg .

@) h]7 )^!
z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] k|wfgdGqL kbdf k'glg{o'lQm / g]skf Pdfn]sf] cfGbf]ng kl/Tofukl5sf] cj:yfsf] ;dLIff ug{ @! h]7df a;]sf] sfª\u|]; s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sdf /fdrGb| kf}8]n, dx]z cfrfo{, 8f= /fdz/0f dxt, ch'{gg/l;+x s];L, cfdf]b pkfWofo, eLdaxfb'/ tfdfªnufotn] kf6L{n] ;+ljwfg;ef;Ddsf] ljsNk v'nf /fVg'kg]{ s'/f p7fP . o;af/] tTsfn 6'Ëf]df k'Ug g;s]kl5 cfjZos ;'‰fj lbg @$ h]7df dxfdGqL ;'zLn sf]O/fnfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf /fdrGb| kf}8]n, rqm afF:tf]nf, dx]z cfrfo{ / s[i0f l;6f}nf /x]sf] sfo{bn u7g ul/of] .

@^ h]7 )^!
sf7df8f}Fsf] 7d]ndf sfª\u|];sf $* lhNnf ;efkltx¿sf] uf]Ko a}7sdf rf/ hgfafx]s ;a}n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIf lnP . @( h]7df lj/f6gu/ k'u]sf kf6L{ ;efklt sf]O/fnfn] tTsfn ;+ljwfg;efdf hfFbf k|ltudgnfO{ g} an k'Ug] ts{sf ;fy cfkm"nfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljkIfdf k|:t't u/] . #! h]7df lhNnf ;efkltx¿n] ;+ljwfg;ef;Ddsf] ljsNkdf kf6L{ hfg'kg]{ ;'‰fj;lxtsf] @! a'Fb] k|ltj]bg ;efklt sf]O/fnfnfO{ a'‰fP . sf]O/fnfn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef sfª\u|];sf] dfu x'g g;Sg] / s;}sf] uf]6L aGg] lx;faaf6 o:tf s'/f gp7fpg ;'‰fj lbP .

^ c;f/ )^!
dxfdGqLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t sfo{bnn] tof/ u/]sf] k|ltj]bg kf6L{ ;efkltnfO{ a'‰fOof] h;df ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg, hgdt ;ª\u|xb]lv ;+ljwfg;ef;Ddsf] ljsNk v'nf /fVg'kg]{ ;'‰fj l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] lyof] .

& c;f/ )^!
cfGbf]ng/t rf/ kf6L{sf] ;+o'Qm ;efdf sfª\u|]; ;efklt sf]O/fnfn] dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu cfˆgf] kf6L{n] cu|;/tf lng] / ;+ljwfg;ef;Ddsf] ljsNk v'nf /fVg] 3f]if0ff u/] .

@) ;fpg )^!
;+ljwfg;efn] sfª\u|];sf] a}7sdf cf}krfl/s Ph]08fsf ¿kdf k|j]z kfof] . % ;b:oLo sfo{bnn] tof/ u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdfly nfdf] 5nkmnkl5 g]kfnL sfª\u|]; ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgb]lv hgdt ;ª\u|x / ;+ljwfg;ef;Ddsf] ljsNksf nflu tof/ ePsf] lg0f{o ul/of] . a}7sdf uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL, s[i0f l;6f}nf, anb]j dhu}ofnufotsfn] k|ltlglw;efsf] 3f]if0ffåf/f dfq ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljsNk;Dd hfg ;lsg] lg0f{o x'g'k5{ eGg] c8fg lnP . l;6f}nfn] sfo{bnd} klg of] s'/f p7fPsf lyP . t/ ;a} ljsNkx¿ v'nf /fVb} k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yfkgf sfª\u|];sf] cfwf/e"t dfu x'g]5 eg]/ lg0f{o u/f+}+ eGg] kIfdf kf}8]n, cfrfo{, af:tf]nfnufotsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿ lyP . ;efklt sf]O/fnfn] h'g;'s} ljsNkdf hfg klg jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] lg/Gt/tf ckl/xfo{ x'G5 eg]kl5 æhgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;QfnfO{ ;fsf/ ug{ jt{dfg ;+ljwfgd} 6]s]/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljsNkdf hfg]Æ lg0f{o a}7sn] u¥of] . of] lg0f{ok|lt z}nhf cfrfo{n] c;xdlt hfx]/ ub}{ …gf]6 ckm l8;]G6Ú n]lvg\ . pgsf] ljrf/df of] lg0f{o u/]/ sfª\u|];n] dxfe"n u/]sf] 5 / aLkLsf] dWodfuL{ wf/nfO{ Tofu]sf] 5 . csf{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o afF:tf]nfsf] wf/0ff 5, æg]kfnL sfª\u|];leq ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljifodf x'g] ax; ca o;sf] sfof{Gjog / To;df lng'kg]{ ;ts{tfsf] ljifodf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 .Æ

sfª\u|];nfO{ ‰08} %) jif{kl5 cfP/ ;+ljwfg;ef;Ddsf] ljsNksf nflu tof/ u/fpg'df /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] e"ldsfn] ljz]if of]ubfg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cfˆg} kf6L{af6 km'6]/ uPsf z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ d'n'ssf] k|wfgdGqL agfOg' / Pdfn] ;8s cfGbf]ngaf6 aflxl/g'n] klg sfª\u|];nfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljsNk;Dd k'¥ofPsf] xf] . Ps /fhgLlts ljZn]ifs eG5g\, æ/fhfn] k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgf ul/lbPsf] eP of b]pjf afx]ssf] csf]{ s;}nfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfOlbPsf] eP sfª\u|];n] of] lg0f{o ug]{ ;Defjgf g} lyPg .Æ
hgdt ;ª\u|xb]lv ;+ljwfg;ef;Ddsf] ljsNk v'nf /fVg] sfª\u|];sf] lg0f{o p;n] cfˆgf] Oltxf;df u/]sf] dxŒjk"0f{ ;}4flGts / gLltut km8\sf] xf] . o:tf dxŒjk"0f{ ;}4flGts / gLltut ljifosf] clGtd 6'Ëf] of l5gf]kmfgf] kf6L{sf] ;jf]{Rr lgsfo dxflwj]zgn] g} ug'{kb{5 . o;sf nflu sfª\u|];n] cfufdL !( kmfu'gb]lv jL/u~hdf P3f/f}+ dxflwj]zg ug]{ lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] 5 . g]t[ z}nhf cfrfo{n] ;+ljwfg;ef;Ddsf] ljsNk v'nf /fVg] kf6L{–lg0f{osf lj?4 dxflwj]zgdf k|:tfj n}hfg] 3f]if0ff u/]sL 5g\ . of] 3f]if0ffkl5 sfª\u|]; dxflwj]zgdf b'O{ vfnsf /fhgLlts k|:tfj -Pp6f g]t[ cfrfo{sf] / csf]{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltåf/f kfl/t k|:tfj_ k|:t't x'g] b]lvG5 .

sfª\u|];sf] ljwfgdf ;efklt

ækf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] ;efklt / lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] ;efkltdf lg/Gt/ ¿kdf b'O{k6s eGbf a9L x'g] u/L pDd]bjf/ x'g kfOg] 5}g .Æ
-@)%& df3df kf]v/f dxflwj]zgn] kfl/t u/]sf] ljwfgsf] bkmf $! sf] pkbkmf !&_
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf / pxfF km]l/ pDd]bjf/ x'g ljwfgn] 5]Sb}g eGg]x¿n] gofF ljwfg nfu" ePkl5 sf]O/fnf Psk6s dfq ;efklt x'g'ePsf]n] cfufdL jL/u~h dxflwj]zgdf pDd]bjf/ aGg pxfFnfO{ ljwfg afws aGb}g eGg] JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . sf]O/fnf km]l/ g]t[Tjdf hfg'x'Fb}g eGg]x¿n] pxfF …nuftf/ b'O{k6s ;efklt eO;s]sf]Ú eGg] k|fjwfgnfO{ cfwf/ agfPsf 5g\ .

cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf nflu sfª\u|];n] to u/]sf tLg ljsNk

!= @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] pknlAw jt{dfg ;+ljwfg / hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;QfnfO{ ;Dk"0f{tf lbg tyf dfcf]jfbLn] p7fPsf d'2fnfO{ ;d]t ;Daf]wg ug{ k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yfkgf u/fO{ ;+ljwfgdf cu|ufdL ;+zf]wg ub}{ zflGt :yfkgf u/]/ cfd lgjf{rgdf hfg] .
@= hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|of]u / cEof; ub}{ hgtfsf] k|ToIf ;xeflutf / cledtåf/f ;+ljwfgdf ;'lglZrt / ;f/e"t kl/jt{g ug{ hgdt ;ª\u|xdf hfg] .
#= hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;QfnfO{ ;fsf/ ug{ jt{dfg ;+ljwfgnfO{ 6]s]/ ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg] .

sfª\u|];n] cfˆgf] lg0f{odf oL tLg j6} ljsNksf nflu k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yfkgf p;sf] cfwf/e"t dfu x'g] hgfPsf] 5 .