s[lif

d]jfsf] cy{zf:q

dLg ah|frfo{

…d]jf–ldi7fGgÚ cyf{t\ dfG5]sf] lha|f]n] clt ?rfpg] vfBa:t';Fu hf]l8g] ;f}efUo kfPsf] kmnkm"n ju{sf] Ps dfq k|ltlglw d]jf vfgdf hlt dL7f] / :jflbnf] 5, o;sf] v]tL / cy{zf:q klg Tolt g} cfsif{s Pj+ ;/n 5 . sltkonfO{ sf7df8f}Fsf afl;Gbfn] jif]{lg ?=% s/f]8eGbf a9L d]jfdf vr{ ug{ yfn]sf] ;'Gbf ckTof/ nfUg ;S5 . t/ o;dWo] &) k|ltzt /sd ef/tLo ls;fg–Jofkf/Lsf] xftdf k5{ . /fhwfgLsf km"6kfyb]lv kfFrtf/] xf]6n;Dd plQs} lk|o x'Fb} uPsf] 5 d]jf .

d]jfsf] ahf/ a9]sf] t'ngfdf :jb]zleq pTkfbg a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfnosf] tYofÍ cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)%@÷)%# df g]kfnsf] @^%$ x]S6/ hldgdf d]jf kmnfOGYof] . clxn] klg o;sf] v]tL @^(& x]S6/d} ;Lldt 5 . o;n] g]kfnL ls;fg d]jfsf]] Jofj;flos v]tLtkm{ c‰} cfslif{t x'gg;s]sf] b]vfpF5 . tYofÍn] g]kfnsf ^@ lhNnfdf d]jf kmNg] u/]sf] b]vfP klg ahf/df eg] ef/tLo d]jfsf] afx'No 5 .

xfn}sf] csf]{ Ps ;j]{If0fn] sf7df8f}Fsf] zx/L If]qdf l;hg -kmfu'g !% b]lv h]7 !% ;Dd_ df b}lgs ^–* 6g d]jfsf] dfu x'g] b]vfPsf] 5 . d]jf vktsf b[li6n] k|lts"n ;do dflgg] k';–df3df /fhwfgLdf b}lgs @–# 6g d]jfsf] a]rlavg x'G5 . afFsL ;dodf pkTosfsf nflu b}lgs #–$ 6g d]jf cfjZos kg]{ atfOG5 . o;/L sf7df8f}Fsf] ahf/df jflif{s ;/b/ !& ;o 6g d]jf vkt x'g] u5{, h;dWo] s/La &) k|ltzt ef/taf6 cfpF5 eg] afFsL lrtjg, gjnk/f;L / /f}tx6af6 cfk"lt{ x'g] ub{5 . pkTosfsf] kmnkm"n Jofkf/df ef/tLo Jofkf/Lx¿sf] afx'No /x]sf] / g]kfnsf ljleGg ahf/af6 d]jf ;Íng ug'{eGbf ef/taf6 ;f]‰} Nofpg ;lhnf] x'g] x'gfn] ef/tLo d]jf a9L lelqg] u/]sf] xf] . ls;fgdf Jofj;flostfsf] sdL / ahf/ k|a4{gsf] cefj g]kfnL d]jfn] ahf/ lng g;Sg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f b]lvG5 .

g]kfndf ef/taf6 b'O{y/L d]jf cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . !) lsnf]sf] sf6"{gdf l:6s/;lxt lbNnLaf6 cfpg] nfDrf] d]jfsf] leqL efu /ftf] / u'lnof] x'G5 . ahf/df a9L u'0f:t/Lo dflgg] …l8:sf]Ú e]/fO6Lsf] o:tf] d]jf kmfu'gb]lv h]7;Dd cfpF5 . o;nfO{ w]/} lbg;Dd /fVg ;lsG5 . afx|} dlxgf cfpg] d]jfrflxF gfuk'/sf] xf] . s]xL 8Nnf] b]lvg] kx]Fnf] /Ësf] of] d]jfsf] leqL efu /ftf] kx]Fnf] ldl>t vfnsf] x'G5 . ef/tsf] kGtgu/af6} NofOPsf] aLp / k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t eP klg g]kfnL d]jfdf Ps?ktf kfOFb}g / ´jf§ x]bf{ Tolt cfsif{s klg b]lvFb}g . l56f] uNg], lau|g] x'Fbf ahf/df s]xL ;:tf] klg 5 of] d]jf . …l8:sf]Ú d]jfsf]] yf]s d"No k|ltlsnf] ?=@% x'Fbf gfuk'/] ?=@)–@@ df kfOG5 eg] g]kfnL d]jfsf] d"No k|ltlsnf] ?=!* sf] xf/fxf/Ldf k5{ . pkef]Qmfn] rflxF oL d]jf qmdzM ?=#%–%), #)–$) / @%–#) sf] b/df v/Lb ug{ kfpF5g\ . o;n] yf]s Pj+ v'b|f Jofkf/Lx¿n] a9L nfe lnPsf] b]vfpF5 . t/ Jofkf/Lx¿sf cfˆg} vfn] u'gf;fx¿ 5g\ . pgLx¿sf cg';f/ Ps Kofs cyf{t\ !) lsnf] d]jf laqmL ug{ $–% lbg nfU5 . g]kfnL d]jf rflxF @$–@% lsnf] jhgsf] l;Ë} 8f]sf] lsGg'kg]{, To;df ^–& lsnf] gkfSg] / lau|g] x'Fbf gfkmf3f6fsf] 6'Ëf] gx'g] Jofkf/Lx¿sf] ts{ 5 .

ef/taf6 cfoft ubf{ ;fdfGotof Ps 6«sdf gf} 6g d]jf cfpg] u5{ . k|ltlsnf] ef?=* sf lx;fan] o;sf] g]kfnL d"No ?= ! nfv !% xhf/ kg{ cfpF5 . 6«s ef8f, sf7df8f}F;Dd NofpFbf nfUg] cGo b:t'/ / kfFr k|ltzt gf]S;fgL vr{;lxt Ps 6«s d]jfsf] d"No sf7df8f}F cfOk'Ubf ?=! nfv *^ xhf/ k'U5 . o;/L k|ltlsnf] ?=@!=&& kg]{ d]jf ?=@%sf b/n] laqmL ubf{ klg k|ltlsnf] ?=#=@# gfkmf x'g] b]lvG5 . o:tf] d]jf k|ltlsnf] ?=#%–%) sf b/df pkef]QmfnfO{ a]Rg] ul/Psf] 5 .

otf, g]kfnL d]jf lrtjgsf] hodËnf / gjnk/f;Lsf] gofF a]nxfgLaf6 sfnLdf6L ahf/;Dd NofpFbf k|ltlsnf] qmdzM ?=!# / !! kg{ hfG5 . yf]s laqm]tfn] qmdzM ?=@) / ?=!^ k|ltlsnf]df laqmL ug]{{ g]kfnL d]jf cfd pkef]Qmfn] k|ltlsnf] ?=#)–#% df kfpF5g\ . ptf ls;fgn] eg] k|ltlsnf] ?=^ dfq xft kf5{g\ . o;/L pkef]Qmfn] w]/} ltg]{ / ls;fgn] yf]/} kfpg] cj:yf d]jfsf] v]tL / ahf/Ls/0f Jojl:yt ¿kdf gePsf sf/0f k}bf ePsf] b]lvG5 .

lgof{tsf] ;Defjgf
g]kfndf pTkflbt d]jf lgof{tsf] ;Defjgfaf/] klg k/LIf0f x'g yfNg' kmnkm"n ahf/df b]lvPsf] Pp6f ;sf/fTds ;Í]t xf] . k/LIf0fsf] qmddf ut jif{ ;fN6 6«]l8ª skf]{/]zgn] k6s–k6s u/L #%) lsnf] d]jf stf/ k7fPsf] lyof] . g]kfnL kmnkm"n Pj+ t/sf/Lsf] Jojl:yt a]rlavgsf nflu cfpFbf] ebf}b]lv stf/df Ps zf] ?d ;~rfng ug]{ ;f]rfO alg/x]sf] pQm skf]{/]zgsf ljgf]bs'df/ rf}w/L atfpF5g\ . d]jf klg lgof{tof]Uo kmnkm"n ePsfn] pko'Qm ;dodf l6k]/ u|]l8ª Pj+ Koflsª u/L afXoahf/df k7fpg ;lsg] atfpFb} pgL eG5g\, æt/ o;sf nflu g]kfnL ls;fgx¿nfO{ o;sf] Jofj;flos pTkfbgaf/] ;'lzlIft ug'{k5{ .Æ

cfofltt / :yfgLo d]jfsf] ahf/d"Nodf w]/} cGt/ gb]lvPsf] t/ 9'jfgL ef8f sd nfUg] x'Fbf g]kfnL d]jfn] ef/tLo d]jf;Fu ahf/df ;lhn} k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt 5 . g]kfnL pTkfbsx¿n] Jofj;flos v]tL z'? ugf{;fy d]jf cfoftsf nflu jif]{lg ef/t uO/x]sf] tLg s/f]8eGbf a9L ?k}ofF oxLF /f]lsg] lglZrt 5 . To;sf nflu pko'Qm pTkfbg k|ljlwsf] cg';Gwfg, pTkfbgkl5 ahf/;Dd NofpFbf ug'{kg]{ u|]l8ª, Kofs]lhª tyf lgjf{w 9'jfgLsf nflu ls;fg ;d"x / dWo:y Jofkf/Lx¿nfO{ bIf agfpg' eg] h?/L 5 .

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