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/fHosf] jqmb[li6df sLlt{k'/
sLlt{k'/–a:tLdf /fhfx¿n] kfOnf
6]s]sf 5}gg\ . k|wfgdGqLx¿ klg lj/n} k'U5g\ . ljsf;df
kl5 k/]sf] sLlt{k'/ k|:tfljt gofF rqmkysf] gS;fdf klg aflx/} k/]sf]
5 . /fhwfgLsf] 6'Fl8v]n j/k/ åGå rs{{Fbf sˆo'{
rflxF zfGt sLlt{k'/df nfU5 . cflv/ lsg <
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/fhwfgLsf] rqmkyleqsf] If]qnfO{ …bËfu|:t
If]qÚ 3f]if0ff u/]s} lbg -@^ r}q, @)^)_ sLlt{k'/df sˆo'{
nufOof], /flt !! b]lv laxfg $ ah];Dd . k|ltudglj?4 kfFr bnn]
;8s k|bz{g ul//x]sf /Tgkfs{, afuahf/ cflb If]qx¿eGbf ;ft–cf7
lsnf]ld6/ blIf0f–klZrddf kg]{ sLlt{k'/df @^ r}qsf] laxfg tL;÷rfnL;
hgfsf] Pp6f h'n'; lg:s]sf] afx]s c¿ s'g} ljz]if 36gf ePsf]
lyPg . sˆo'{sf] ;dfrf/ ;'g]kl5 sLlt{k'/af;Lsf] :jfefljs
lh1f;f lyof], s]xL gePsf] 7fpFdf crfgs lsg sˆo'{ <
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To;sf] Ps lbgcl3 :yfgLo ;xf/f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 ;~rfngsf] tf/tDo
ldnfpg lhNnf ;xsf/L sfof{no, sf7df8f}Fsf clws[t s]zj—axfb'/
yfkf lg/LIf0f / d'r'Nsfsf nflu sLlt{k'/ cfpg] sfo{qmd lyof] .
t/ sLlt{k'/;Dd hfg pgnfO{ vt/f dx;"; eof] . pgn] cfˆgf]
clkm;d} a;]/ sLlt{k'/sf] d'r'Nsf tof/ kf/] .
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bz jif{b]lv sLlt{k'/df 8]/f a:b} cfPsf ;flxTosf/ ;'s'd zdf{n] sLlt{k'/sf]
ahf/ If]qdf hUuf lsGg vf]Hbf 3/kl/jf/sf] :jLs[lt kfPgg\ . pgL
eG5g\, æsLlt{k'/ ;'Ggf;fy gftf–uf]tfn] ;d]t cfklQ hgfP .
d}n] pgLx¿nfO{ a'‰fpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .Æ
oL 36gfx¿n] b]vfpF5g\M
sLlt{k'/]af/]sf] e|d / k"jf{u|x . sf7df8f}Fsf lhDd]jf/
JolQm tyf lgsfox¿n] ;d]t sLlt{k'/nfO{ k|foM ljs6 / c;'/lIft
If]qsf ¿kdf x]g]{ u/]sf 5g\ . o;n] sLlt{k'/af;Lx¿sf]
dgdf s]Gb|n] cfkm"nfO{ ljZjf; / jf:tf gu/]sf] 5fk kf/]sf] 5 .
s'g} bËf jf tgfj g} geO{ @^ / @& r}tsf] /flt
sLlt{k'/df sˆo'{ lsg nufOof] < sf7df8f}Fsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L
jfdgk|;fb Gof}kfg] dfcf]jfbL ultljlw x'g;Sg] ;"rgfsf cfwf/df
To;f] ul/Psf] atfpF5g\ . t/, k|lhcsf] of] egfOn] dfq} sLlt{k'/af;Lsf]
zÍf lgjf/0f x'Fb}g . pgLx¿ sˆo'{nfO{ ;d]t
sLlt{k'/]af/] /fHo;+oGqsf] …unt a'‰fOÚ sf] kl/0ffd
7fG5g\ . dfcf]jfbL ultljlw z'? x'g'eGbf cl3b]lv g} ;'/Iff lgsfox¿
sLlt{k'/k|lt ;zlÍt /xg] u/]sf]] gdL7f] cg'ej 5 sLlt{k'/af;L;Fu .
lr7' ufpFsf k"j{ k|wfgk~r åfl/sf dxh{g eG5g\, ætTsfnLg
c~rnfwLzx¿n] sLlt{k'/ If]qsf k~rx¿nfO{ slxNo} k~rsf
¿kdf x]/]gg\, l;+xb/af/df a:g]x¿sf] of] b[li6sf]0f
cfh klg p:t} 5 .Æ
To;f] t /f0ffsfndf klg sLlt{k'/dfly k"jf{u|x
/flvPsf pbfx/0fx¿ e]l6G5g\ . :yfgLo jof]j[4x¿sf
cg';f/, Toltv]/ clw/fHoe/ …ljtf{ k|yfÚ rn] klg sLlt{k'/af;L
o;af6 jl~rt lyP . b/af/df lgs} rfs8L u/]kl5 dfq} pgLx¿n]
…;]/df ljtf{Ú kfpFy], h;cg';f/ k|lt /f]kgL rf/ cfgf
s/ ltg'{kYof]{ . g]kfn PsLs/0fsf ;Gbe{df k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf]
uf]vf{nL ;]gfn] sLlt{k'/df pTkft dRrfPsf]n] sLlt{k'/af;Ldf k|ltzf]wsf]
efjgf x'g;Sg] qf;af6 g]kfnL /fHo ;w}F ;zlÍt /xFb} cfPsf]
w]/}sf]] syg 5 .
@)!# ;fndf :yflkt lqe'jg ljZjljBfno -lqlj_ glhs} sLlt{k'/
ufpFdf Pp6f ;fwf/0f SofDk; ;~rfngsf] :jLs[lt kfpg ToxfFsf lzIffk|]dLx¿n]
@)$& ;fn;Dd kv{g' k/]sf], sLlt{k'/ aflx/ lg:sg] Pp6f k/Dk/fut
af6f]dfly clwsf/ hdfO{ ljZjljBfnon] Psnf}6L pkof]u u/]sf], xfn k|rngdf
/x]sf] km/flsnf] df]6/ af6f] klg ljZjljBfno kl/;/leq} /x]sf]Ù
vfg]kfgL, 9n lgsf;, 6]lnkmf]g cflb /fHok|bQ ;'ljwfsf nflu /fhwfgLs}
cGo If]qdf h:tf] k|fyldstf glbOPsf] h:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ klg sLlt{k'/af;Lx¿n]
cfkm"x¿dflysf] k|ltzf]ws} ¿kdf cYof{pg] u/]sf
5g\ .
g /fhfn] 6]s], g ;/sf/n] a'´of]
u2Lg;Lg zfxj+zLo /fhfx¿ cfhsf] ldlt;Dd sLlt{k'/sf] d'Vo a:tL
jf ahf/ k|j]z u/]sf] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ x]Ssf 5}g . lqljsf] g]kfnL
Oltxf;, ;+:s[lt tyf k'/ftTj ljefusf k|d'v k|f=8f= d's'Gb/fh cof{n
sLlt{k'/ ljhokl5 s]xL lbg /fhf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx oxfFsf] sf]6 3/df
a;]sf] t/ pgsf pQ/flwsf/Lx¿sf ;DaGwdf :ki6 gePsf] atfpF5g\ .
pgL eG5g\, æ/fhfx¿n] sLlt{k'/df e|d0f ug'{x'Fb}g eGg]
;f+:s[lts dfGotf /x]sf] klg kfOFb}g t/ To;f] lsg eof] dnfO{ yfxf
ePg .Æ o;/L sf/0f h] eP klg zfxj+zsf /fhfx¿n]
sLlt{k'/df kfOnf 6]s]sf] b]lvFb}g .
sLlt{k'/ / To; jl/kl/sf gufpF, kfFuf, rf]ef/, tf}bx,
efhËfn, rDkfb]jL, ;Nofg:yfg cflb If]qx¿nfO{ ;d]6]/ lj=;+=
@)%# df pGgfO; j6f j8f /xg] u/L sLlt{k'/ gu/kflnsf agfOof] .
xfnsf] gofF ahf/, vf;Lahf/, ;fun 6f]n, ;dn / b]j9f]sf eO{ k'gM gofFahf/
hf]l8Psf] af6f] leqsf] a:tL g} d"n sLlt{k'/ xf]Ù h;df
gu/kflnsfsf ;ft j6f j8fx¿ k5{g\ . lqlj :yfkgfkl5 s'nkltsf
x}l;otn] jif]{gL ljZjljBfno;Dd k'Ug] u/]sf /fhfx¿nfO{ …d"n
sLlt{k'/Ú lt/ pSng] vfFrf] jf OR5f hfu]sf] kfOFb}g .
:yfgLo &( jifL{o ;dfh;]jL ;fg'efO dxh{g eG5g\,
æ>L # dxf/fh h'4zdz]/ xfQL r9]/ af3e}/jsf] bz{g ug{ cfPsf]
dnfO{ ;D‰gf 5 . To;a]nf sLlt{k'/af;Ln] vfg]kfgLsf] dfu
u/]sf] x'Fbf To;sf] Joj:yf eof] . ;fj{hlgs wf/fx¿sf]
pb\3f6gsf nflu >L # g} cfpg] egL eJo tof/L ul/of] t/ lsg xf],
pb\3f6g ug{ pgsf] ;f6f] tTsfnLg rLkm ;fx]a kb\dzdz]/ cfP .
/f0ffsfnkl5 s'g} klg /fhf ljZjljBfnoeGbf dfly a:tLdf cfPsf 5}gg\ .Æ
t/ /fhgLlts k"jf{u|x /fv]/ sLlt{k'/dfly kIfkft
ePsf] cfkm"nfO{ gnfu]sf] sLlt{k'/ lgjf;L, /fhgLltzf:qsf k|fWofks
s[i0f vgfn atfpF5g\ . pgL eG5g\ æsLlt{k'/af;Ldf abnfsf]
efjgf gx'g ;S5 t/ …;asG;; dfO08Úsf sf/0f dgf]j}1flgs
¿kdf ljb|f]xL k|j[lQ a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . Tof] efjgfnfO{
/fHolj?4 kl/rfng ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] ePsf]n] a]nfa]nfdf ljleGg /fhgLlts
zlQmx¿n] pS;fpg cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .Æ k|f= vgfnsf
cg';f/ k|zf;gn] cfˆgf] gS;fdf sLlt{k'/nfO{ /ftf]lrGx nufP/
;d:of ;dfwfg x'Fb}g, o;n] t ljb|f]xsf] efjgfnfO{ ‰g} a9fOlbg
;S5 .
lg/Gt/ lje]b
/fhwfgLsf] @* lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] rqmkysf] cfsf/ …rqmkyÚh:tf]
5}g . z'?sf] of]hgfdf of] ‰08} uf]nf]] cfsf/df lyof] .
t/ kl5 To;af6 sLlt{k'/nfO{ l‰lsof] . sLlt{k'/sf] ljsf;df
rqmkyn] 7"nf] of]ubfg lbg;SYof] t/ lsg xf], of] k|frLg zx/
l/ª/f]8leq k/]g . sLlt{k'/nfO{ rqmkyleq gkfg{ …ljZjljBfnosf]
jftfj/0fdf c;/ kg]{Ú ts{ Tolt a]nf cufl8 ;fl/Psf] atfOG5 .
t/ of] Pp6f axfgf dfq ePsf] :yfgLoaf;Lx¿ 7fG5g\ .
sLlt{k'/nfO{ k|:tfljt …cfp6/ l/Ë/f]8Ún]
;d]6\nf eGg] 7"nf] cfzf lyof] . t/ o;sf] gS;faf6 klg sLlt{k'/nfO{
aflx/} /flvPsf] 5 . k|:tfljt …cfp6/ l/Ë/f]8Ú
:joDe"df k'u]kl5 jt{dfg rqmkynfO{ g} kqmG5 / ;ftbf]af6f] k'u]kl5
e}F;]kf6Llt/ nDs]/ cufl8 a9\5 . o;n] sLlt{k'/k|lt /fHon] lgotjz
g} k"jf{u|x /fv]sf] ;Í]t lbG5 .
PsLs/0fsf] a]nf ePsf] uf]/vfnL ;]gf;Fusf] o'4 Oltxf;sf]
Ps cWofo ePsf] / sLlt{k'/sf] cy{ tyf dxŒj Tof] ;dosf] eGbf
km/s eO;s]sfn] :yfgLo a'l4hLjLx¿ sLlt{k'/sf] 5ljdf ;'wf/
Nofpg'kg]{ vfFrf] cf}+NofpF5g\ . :yfgLo lzIfs hgfb{g >]i7sf
cg';f/ o;sf nflu sLlt{k'/af;Ln] cfkm"k|lt ;bfzo b]vfpg] ;a};Fu
xft]dfnf] ug}{k5{ . a]nf–a]nfdf x'g] /fhgLlts ultljlw
klg 5lj ;'wf/sf lglDt ;xof]uL x'g] pgsf] wf/0ff 5 . sLlt{k'/af;L
pk]Iff / k"jf{u|x x}g, To:t} ;bfzosf] k|tLIffdf b]lvG5g\ .
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