| l/kf]6{÷dfcf]jfbL
cv8f g} vt/fdf
•
8Da/s[i0f >]i7÷tLy{ l;Ub]n,
l;lnu'8Ldf
gLnd l3ld/]
|
| cbfnt nluFb} j}B . |
cfˆgf] k"jL{
sdf08 sfof{no ePsf] l;lnu'8Ldf jl/i7 g]tf df]xg
j}B -ls/0f_ kqmfp k/]kl5 g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_n] 7"nf]
wSsf Joxf]/]sf] 5 . l;lnu'8Lsf] x}b/kf8f / k|wfggu/, clg klZrdL
8'j;{, bfhL{lnª / v;f{ª dfcf]jfbLsf] ;'/lIft ynf] dflgGYof] .
km"nf] k/]sf] bflxg] cfFvfsf] ck|]zg u/fpg l;lnu'8L cfPsf j}Bn]
ToxfF cfkm"nfO{ ;xof]uL gf/fo0fljqmd k|wfgsf] sfsfsf] ¿kdf
lrgfPsf lyP . :yfgLo ;g/fOh gl;{ª xf]ddf pkrf/ u/]/ kmls{/x]sf
j}BnfO{ k|x/Ln] !^ r}t /flt cf7 ah] l;lnu'8Lsf] bfhL{lnª df]8df
lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] lyof] . ToxL /ft afu/fsf]6df pgsf ;xof]uL
k|wfg klg kqmfp k/] .
@^ r}tdf l;lnu'8L cbfntn] j}B / k|wfgnfO{ !% lbgsf]
nflu y'gfdf /fVg] cfb]z lbPsf] 5 . o;cl3 pgLx¿nfO{ cbfnts}
cfb]zaf6 cg';Gwfgsf] nflu gf} lbg dfltu8f yfgfdf y'lgPsf] lyof] .
l;lnu'8Ldf j}B >LdtL / !) sIffdf k9\g] sfG5L 5f]/L;Fu /xFb} cfPsf
lyP . j}B lu/ˆtf/ ePsf] ef]lnkN6 k|x/Ln] pgsL >LdtL
;'ifdf j}BnfO{ 8]/faf6 kqmfp u/]/ tTsfn} l/xf u¥of] . x}b/kf8fl:yt
j}Bsf] 8]/f /x]sf] b]jlk|o a?O{sf] 3/af6 ;}Go k|lzIf0f ufO8, u'l/Nnf
o'4k4lt, k"j{df ls/fFtjfbL cfGbf]ng, zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf / p;sf
xftxltof/ ;DaGwL ;of}F k':ts, hgo'4sf kf]i6/, b"/aLg, sDKo'6/,
lk|G6/, kmf]6f]skL, ˆofS;, *) lsnf]ld6/ Ifdtfsf] /]l8of] 6«fG;ld6/,
sDKo'6/ ˆnkL / ;L8Lx¿ a/fdb ul/Psf 5g\ . k|x/Ln]
dfcf]jfbL o'4 /0fgLlt, cfqmd0fsf If]q, of]hgf / efjL tof/L ;DaGwL
b:tfj]h tyf gS;fx¿ klg km]nf kf/]sf] / ljz]if1sf] ;xof]uaf6
ltgsf] cWoog ul//x]sf] 5 . a/fdb ul/Psf ;fdfgdWo] j}Bdfly ef/tdf
d'2f rnfpg lgs} dxŒjk"0f{ 7flgPsf] 5'jfpg] lalQSs} a]xf];
kfg]{ cd]l/sfdf ag]sf] Pp6f On]S6«f]lgs pks/0f klg 5 .
g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLx¿n] nfdf] ;dob]lv l;lnu'8LnfO{
d'Vo cf>o:yn agfpFb} cfPsf] s'/f @)%* ;fndf dfcf]jfbL / cGo jfdkf6L{sf
g]tfx¿aLr ePsf] rlr{t …l;lnu'8L a}7sÚb]lv g}
yfxf x'Fb} cfPsf] xf] . o;afx]s pgLx¿n] l;lnu'8LnfO{
cfˆgf 3fOt] sfo{stf{x¿sf] pkrf/ ug]{ / k|rf/ ;fdu|L
/ xftxltof/ leœofpg] ynf]sf] ¿kdf klg k|of]u u/]sf]
cfzÍf ul/Fb} cfPsf] lyof] . t/ o; If]qdf ef/tLo k|x/Lsf]
;lqmotf j}B ;dfltg'eGbf b'O{ ;ftfcl3 dfq a9]sf] xf] . To;a]nf
l;lnu'8Ldf a}7s u/]/ o; If]qsf ef/tLo ;'/Iff k|d'vx¿n] g]kfnsf]
dfcf]jfbL ;d:of / To;af6 l;lnu'8L, bfhL{lnª / cf;kf;sf ef/tLo
If]qdf k/]sf] c;/af/] 5nkmn u/]sf Pj+ tTsfn 5'§} ljz]if sfo{bn
u7g u/L dfcf]jfbL ultljlwdfly lgu/fgL a9fpg] lg0f{o lnPsf lyP .
To;cl3 ef/tLo ;}lgs SofDkdf pQm If]qsf …;Ldf ;'/IffÚ
clwsf/Lx¿sf] a}7s klg a;]sf] lyof] .
ef/tLo ljb|f]xL;Fusf] ;fF7ufF7
ef/tLo k|x/Ln] g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLn] l;lnu'8L / hnkfOu'8L If]qdf ;lqmo
sdtfk'/L lnj/]zg cu{gfOh]zg -s]Pncf]_ / cNkmf o'gfO6]8 lnj/]zg ckm
cf;fd -pNkmf_ h:tf ef/tLo pu|jfbL ;Ë7gx¿;Fu ;D‰f}tf
u/]sf] b:tfj]h ;d]t km]nf k/]sf] atfPsf] 5 . pQ/ aËfn
If]qsf cfOhLkL aflu; ld>fn] dfcf]jfbLn] l;lnu'8LnfO{ s]Gb| agfP/
pQm If]qdf cfˆgf] ;Dks{ / ;Ë7g lj:tf/ u/]sf] / o;lglDt
j}Bn] …ef/tLo g]kfn sDo'lgi6 ;]G6/Ú :yfkgf u/]sf] atfPsf
5g\ . j}Bsf] 8]/faf6 ;f] ;Ë7gsf] n]6/Kof8 ;d]t a/fdb ePsf]
5 . k|x/Ln] dfcf]jfbLn] lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ v/Lb ug{ j}Bdfkm{t\
Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF vr{ u/]sf] / c? b'O{ s/f]8 ?k}ofF l;lnu'8Lsf ljleGg
:yfgdf n'sfP/ /fv]sf] klg yfxf kfPsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 . Tof]
?k}ofFsf] vf]hL ug{ hnkfOu'8L / bfhL{lnª k|x/Lsf b'O{ 6f]nL
vl6Psf 5g\ .
gLnd l3ld/] |
| ef/tLo k|x/L clws[t /fhLj ld>f j}Bsf]
8]/faf6 a/fdb ePsf ;fdu|L b]vfpFb} . |
klZrd aËfn /fHosf] snsQfkl5sf] bf];|f] 7"nf]
zx/ l;lnu'8Ldf kfFr nfv g]kfnLefifLx¿ a:b5g\ . pQ/ k"jL{
ef/tsf ;ft /fHo nufot l;lSsd, bfhL{lnª, e'6fg / k"jL{
g]kfnsf] nflu cfly{s, ;fdflhs / oftfoft w]/} s'/fn] kfos kg]{ zx/
xf] l;lnu'8L . g]kfn / aËnfb]zsf] aLrdf cfˆgf pQ/k"jL{
/fHox¿nfO{ hf]8\g] ;fF3'/f] sf]l/8/sf] ¿kdf /x]sf]
l;lnu'8L / o; j/k/sf] If]qnfO{ ef/tn] ;'/Iffsf] b[li6n] clt g} ;+j]bgzLn
;fdl/s dxŒjsf] 7fpFsf] ¿kdf lng] u/]sf] 5 . o;
If]qdf Pstfsf pu|jfdkGyLx¿sf] gS;njfbL cfGbf]ngn] tLj| ¿k
lnPsf] lyof] .
j}B kqmfp k/]sf] ef]lnkN6 !& r}tsf] ;fF‰
l;lnu'8Ldf cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf bfhL{lnªsf k|x/L clws[t
/fhLj ld>fn] l;lnu'8L dfcf]jfbLsf] s]Gb| aGb} uPsf] atfpFb} v'Nnf
l;dfgfaf6 x'g] dfcf]jfbL 3";k}7 /f]Sg l;dfgf l;n ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf
hf]8 lbP . o; If]qsf ;'/Iff k|d'vx¿sf] a}7sn] ;Ldf l;naGbL
ug{ s]Gb| ;/sf/nfO{ klg ;'‰fj lbO;s]sf] 5 . l;lnu'8Ldf
lxdfn ;Fu s'/f ub}{ bfhL{lnª lhNnfsf cltl/Qm k|x/L clwIfs cf/
z]v/gn] l;dfgf kfl/ / jfl/ b'j}lt/ g]kfnL efiff af]Ng] / p:t} cg'xf/sf
dflg;x¿ /x]sfn] klg dfcf]jfbL 3";k}7 a9]sf] atfP .
pgn] eg], æaf]8{/df cg'xf/ x]/]/ dfq dfcf]jfbL / ;j{;fwf/0f
5'6\ofpg ;lsGg, v'Nnf l;dfgfaf6 eO/x]sf] of] 3";k}7 lgoGq0f
ug{ dflyNn} lgsfon] Wofg lbg'k5{ .Æ t/ pgn] ljut 8]9
jif{otf l;lnu'8Ldf ef/tLo k|x/Ln] s]xL dfcf]jfbL :yfgLo g]tf, sfo{stf{
kqmfp ul/;s]sf] hfgsf/L klg lbP .
o;cl3 l;lnu'8Ldf !# k'; @)%( df cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_sf
tTsfnLg j}slNks s]Gb|Lo ;b:o 6Lsf kf]v/]n, ljBfyL{ sfo{stf{ ;'lgns'df/
/fhj+zL / s[i0f lnDa" kqmfp k/]sf lyP . o;sf] nuQ} l;lnu'8Lsf]
PghLkL /]]nj] :6]zg glhs} dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo hg;/sf/ ;b:o, rt'/dfg
/fhj+zL, cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;D‰gf, lrof dhb'/
o'lgogsf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf ld;L lwdfn, ljBfyL{ g]tf ;'/]z kf]v/]n, cgf
;'j]bL / tf/f l/hfn u/L ^ hgf ;dfltP . lu/ˆtf/ ePsf] s]xL
lbgleq} g]kfn a'‰fOPsf oL ^ hgfsf] ;}lgs lx/f;tdf d[To' ePsf]
cfzÍf 5 .
g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofaf6 k|efljt l;lnu'8L gSsnL
dfcf]jfbLsf] rk]6fdf klg kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . k|x/Ln] ut ! sflQsdf
dfcf]jfbLsf nflu ;f9] b'O{b]lv !) nfv;Dd rGbf dfu ul/Psf] lr¶L
;lxt l;lnu'8Laf6 O6x/Lsf ;'/]z l/hfn;lxt cGo s]xL ef/tLox¿nfO{
kqmfp u¥of] . l/hfn gSsnL dfcf]jfbL ePsf] kQf nfu]kl5 k|x/Ln]
5fl8lbPsf] lyof] .
ef/td} d'2f rnfpg] tof/L
j}BnfO{ dfG5] a]xf]; kfg]{ On]S6«f]lgs pks/0f km]nf k/]sf]
cfwf/df ef/td} d'2f rnfpg] tof/L ul//x]sf] j}Bsf jlsn e'k]g bf;n]
lxdfn nfO{ atfP . j}Bsf tkm{af6 e'k]g bf; / pgL;Fu} kqmfp k/]sf
gf/fo0f ljqmd k|wfgsf] tkm{af6 bf;;lxt cg'k ldqf / cgdf]n k|;fb
u/L tLg hgf jlsnx¿ pgLx¿sf] d'2f n8\b}5g\ . k|wfgnfO{
!$ cu:t @))# df l;lnu'8Ldf pQ/ k|b]z, laxf/ / aËfnsf gS;njfbLsf]
a}7sdf ;xof]u u/]sf] cf/f]kdf d'2f rnfOg] ePsf] 5 . jlsn cg'k
ldqfn] eg], æj}Bsf] ;jfndf k|x/Ln] ef/td} d'2f rnfpg vf]h]sf]
x'g;S5 . g]kfndf ;'k'b{uLsf nflu pRr txaf6 k|of; geP oxLF d'2f
rN5 .Æ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;'k'b{uL ug]{ ;DaGwdf s]Gb|n]
dfq lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] ePsf]n] o; ;DaGwdf cfkm"n] s]xL eGg g;Sg]
cltl/Qm k|x/L clwIfs cf/ z]v/gsf] egfO 5 . !% lbgsf] y'gfs}
qmddf j}Bn] Pl8;gn sf]6{df ckLn ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg ePklg pgsf] tkm{af6
c‰};Dd ckLn ePsf] 5}g . k|x/Ln] j}B / k|wfg;Fu e]6 ug{
s;}nfO{ lbPsf] 5}g . lx/f;tdf ;d]t e]6\g gkfPsf] k|wfgsf afa'
ab|Lgf/fo0f / lbbL uLtf k|wfgn] lxdfn nfO{ atfP .
8Da/s[i0f >]i7] |
| j}Bn] cfFvfsf] pkrf/ u/fPsf] ;g/fOh gl;{ª
xf]d . |
of] 36gfkl5 ef/tLo k|x/Ln] l;lnu'8L, bfhL{lnª,
8'j;{ jL/kf8f, afg/xf6, dfnahf/, n's;fg, afu/fsf]6, d6]nL Onfsfdf
Jofks vf]htnf; u/]sf] 5 / :yfgLo Ps ljBfno lzIfs czf]s ;'AafnfO{
kqmfp u/L /fhb|f]xsf] cf/f]kdf hnkfO{u'8L cbfntdf d'2f rnfOPsf]
5 .
o;nfO{ lnP/ dfcf]jfbLx¿n] ef/tk|lt cfqmf]z
klg JoQm ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . lu/ˆtf/Lsf] nuQ} !* r}tdf g]skf
dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] k|]; lj1lKt hf/L u/L ef/t;Fu j}BnfO{ ;Ddfghgs
/fhgLlts Jojxf/ ug{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP . @@ r}tdf dfcf]jfbLn]
wgu9L glhs} ;Ldf If]qdf g]kfn cfon lgudsf] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{
9'jfgL ug]{ ef/tLo gDa/ Kn]6sf t/ g]kfnL Joj;foLs} !* j6f 6\ofÍ/
hnfOlbPsf 5g\ . of] 36gfsf] nuQ} ef/tLo ljb]z dGqfnosf k|jQmfn]
s8f k|ltlqmof hgfP . dfcf]jfbL k|jQmf s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] Ps
lj1lKt dfkm{t of] 36gf cfˆgf] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo lg0f{oaf6 gePsf]
atfPsf 5g\ .
gkTofpFbf g]tf
df]xg j}B
kqmfp k/]sf] @) 306f;Dd klg pgL dfcf]jfbLsf of] :t/sf g]tf x'g\
eGg] l;lnu'8Lsf k|x/L / kqsf/x¿n] kTofPgg\ . k|x/Ln]
7"n} k"j{tof/Lsf ;fy kqmfp u/] klg x'lnof b]v]/} …dfcf]jfbLsf]
gfpFdf 7Ug] JolQm xf]nfÚ eGg] cg'dfg u/]sf] lyof] .
/ftel/ y'gfdf /fv] klg j}B Toqf] 7"nf] g]tf xf]nfg\ eGg] gnfu]sf]
dfltu8f k|x/L yfgfsf k|x/L lg/LIfs u[xo'4 bf; :jLsf/ u5{g\ .
pgn] lxdfn ;Fu eg], æTo:tf] ;fdfGo cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf j}B
7"nf g]tf x'g\ eGg] kTofpg} ufx|f] ef] .Æ
k|wfggu/af6 lg:sg] …;'gr/LÚ b}lgsn] kl5Nnf]
k[i7df 5fk]sf] …b'O{ ;+lbUw dfcf]jfbL kqmfpÚ eGg] b'O{
sf]nd, ^) zAbsf]] ;fgf] ;dfrf/ afx]s l;lnu'8L / snsQfaf6 k|sflzt
x'g] aËfnL, lxGbL, cª\u|]hL, g]kfnL efiffsf Ps bh{g klqsfn]
j}Bsf] lu/ˆtf/Laf/] s]xL n]v]gg\ . …;'gr/LÚ
sf ;dfrf/ ;Dkfbs gu]Gb| k|wfg cfˆgf] klqsfn] ;dfrf/ …a|]sÚ
u/] klg kTof/ gnfu]/ ;fgf] se/]h lbPsf] atfpF5g\ .
ef]lnkN6 lbpF;f] x}b/kf8fsf] 8]/faf6 cfwf 6«s
;fdfg a/fdb ePkl5 dfq k|x/Ln] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng af]nfP/ j}Baf/] hfgsf/L
lbof] / pgsf] lu/ˆtf/Ln] /fd|f] se/]h kfof] . olt eO;Sbf
klg g]kfnaf6 ;fdfrf/ ;Íng ug{ l;lnu'8L cfPsf kqsf/x¿nfO{
ef/tLo kqsf/ / k|x/Lx¿ Pp6} k|Zg ;f]lw/x]sf x'Gy], æs]
j}B ;fFRr} dfcf]jfbLsf 6k ln8/ x'g\ <Æ lxGb':tfg 6fOD;sf
kqsf/ k|df]b lu/L / kmf]6f] kqsf/ lgnd l3ld/]n] ef/tLo k|x/Ln] a]nfa]nfdf
dfcf]jfbLsf] gfddf 7uL ug]{x¿nfO{ kqmfp ub}{ cfPsf]n] ljZjf;}
gnfu]sf] atfP . æafa'/fd / k|r08sf] gfd w]/} ;'GYof}F .
j}B klg pgLx¿ hlQs} 7"nf g]tf x'g\ eGg] xfdLnfO{ yfx}
lyPgÆ, lu/Lsf] egfO lyof] .
g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08sf ;d]t /fhgLlts u'?
dflgg] df]xg j}B -ls/0f_ ;ft ;b:oLo kf6L{ :yfoL ;ldltsf ;b:o x'g\ .
dfcf]jfbLsf tLg 7"nf g]tfdWo] ulgg] j}B k|r08 eGbf klg cufl8
@)$@ ;fndf g]skf -dzfn_sf dxfdGqL ePsf lyP . x]bf{ Vofp6],
b'Anf–kftnf j}BnfO{ dfcf]jfbLleq TofuL / pbfx/0fLo JolQmTjsf]
¿kdf x]l/G5 .
$) jif{b]lv e"ldut hLjg latfO/x]sf %* jifL{o
jfd g]tf j}Bsf] :yfoL 3/ bfªdf 5 . bz{g / ;f}Gbo{zf:q
cWoog u/]sf j}BnfO{ kf6L{n] b'O{ jif{b]lv k"jL{ If]qsf] OGrfh{
agfPsf] lyof] . pgn] k"j{df hftLo :jfoQtfsf] nflu ;ª\3if{
ub}{ cfPsf lnDa'jfg /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ / vDa'jfg /fli6«o
d'lQm df]rf{nfO{ Ps u/L ls/fFt /fli6«o df]rf{ u7g u/]/ dfcf]jfbL;Fu
;xsfo{df Nofpg 7"nf] e"ldsf lgaf{x u/]sf lyP . dfcf]jfbLdf
;a}eGbf kfsf / ;DdfgLt g]tf dfg]/ j}BnfO{ s]Gb|Lo k|sfzg ljefu klg
;'lDkOPsf] lyof] .
gfsf t dfcf]jfbLsf aGb
x'Fb}5g\
df]xg j}Bsf] lu/ˆtf/Ln]
…ef/tn] rfxFbf dfcf]jfbL g]tfnfO{ ;dfpg ;S5Ú eGg] ;Gb]z
dfq lbPg, dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿ ef/tLo ;'/Iff 3]/feGbf aflx/ 5}gg\
eGg] s'/fsf] yk k'li6 ;d]t u¥of] . o;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] kfPsf]
…kl5Nnf] 7"nf] /fhgLlts wSsfÚ dfGg ;lsG5 .
• k'is/
uf}td
/fd]Zj/ af]x/f |
l;lnu'8Ldf cfˆgf
jl/i7 g]tf tyf /fhgLlts …u'?Ú sd/]8 df]xg j}B -ls/0f_
sf] lu/ˆtf/LnfO{ …gbLgfnf / k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;f}bfafhLÚ
sf] kl/0ffd egL dfcf]jfbL g]tf k|r08 of] k|;Ëaf6 ;lhnf];Fu
klG5Psf 5g\ . t/ g]kfnsf s'g s'g gbLgfnf jf k|fs[lts ;Dkbfdf
ef/t;Fu ;f}bfafhL x'g nfu]sf] 5Ù To;f] x'g glbg dfcf]jfbL
:jo+n] s]–s:tf] gLlt lnPsf] 5 tyf To:tf] x'gfsf] k5fl8 s'g
sf/stTjn] sfd u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f pgn] v'nfPsf 5}gg\ .
b]zleq b'O6f eofgs …kmf}hL wSsfÚ lbPsf]
b'O{ xKtf glaTb} dfcf]jfbLn] cfˆgf Ps jl/i7 g]tf;Fu} dxŒjk"0f{
sfuhft / k"jL{ sdf08sf] sfof{no u'dfof] . o; 36gfaf6 dfcf]jfbL;dIf
cfGtl/s ;+/rgf, efjL of]hgf, g]t[Tjsf] ;'/Iff / ef/tLo zf;sx¿sf]
gofF /j}of Joxf]g'{kg]{ h:tf r'gf}tL Ps}rf]l6 cfPsf 5g\ . sd/]8
ls/0fsf] lu/ˆtf/Ln] …ef/tn] rfxFbf dfcf]jfbL g]tfnfO{
;dfpg ;S5Ú eGg] ;Gb]z dfq lbPsf] 5}g, dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿
ef/tLo ;'/Iff 3]/feGbf aflx/ 5}gg\ eGg] s'/fsf] yk k'li6 ;d]t u/]sf]
5 . o;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] kfPsf] …kl5Nnf] 7"nf] /fhgLlts
wSsfÚ dfGg ;lsG5 .
ef/t;Fu dfcf]jfbLsf] ;DaGw crDd nfUbf] 5 . gf}
jif{ cufl8 dfcf]jfbL Ps gDa/ ef/tlj/f]wL lyof] . ef/tLo lkmNdb]lv
ToxfFsf] gDa/ Kn]6sf uf8L;Dd g]kfndf rNg lbPg . t/ To;kl5sf
cf7 jif{df p;n] g]kfndf ef/tLo :jfy{sf s'g} klg pBf]u, Joj;fo, JolQm
cflbnfO{ 5f]Pg . …ef/tk/:tÚ elgg] u/]sf] ;b\efjgf
kf6L{sf sfo{stf{ p;sf] …hg–sfaf{xLÚ df slxNo}
k/]gg\ . cyf{t\ j}Bsf] lu/ˆtf/L eGbf cufl8;Dd dfcf]jfbL
s/La s/La ef/tk/:t g} lyof] . p;sf gLlt / Jojxf/n] klg cfly{s
/ /0fgLlts ¿kdf ef/tnfO{ g} kmfObf k'¥ofPsf lyP .
csf]{tkm{ dfcf]jfbLsf] …hgo'4Ú bafpg
g]kfnsf] ;QfnfO{ cd]l/sfeGbf a9L cfly{s, ef}lts, /fhgLlts ;xof]u
lbg] klg ef/t g} xf] . t/ cf7 jif{b]lv dfcf]jfbLsf] gh/df ef/teGbf
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb g} p;sf] 7"nf] b'Zdg /x]sf] 5 . hgo'4
cf/De ubf{ dfcf]jfbLsf] syg lyof], æef/tLo lj:tf/jfbaf6 ;+/lIft
b]zLo ;fdGtjfb -/fhtGq_ hgo'4sf] k|d'v b'Zdg xf] .Æ xfn
cfP/ pgLx¿ eGg yfn]sf 5g\, æ;fdGtL tyf bnfn /fhtGq
g} xfd|f] k|d'v b'Zdg xf] .Æ
t/ dfcf]jfbL–ef/t ;DaGwsf] la8Dagf oxLF ;lsFb}g .
otf dfcf]jfbLn] b'Zdgsf] lni6af6 …ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbÚ
x6fof], ptf ef/tn] pmk|lt ;b\efjgfsf] ;§f s8f /j}of b]vfpg
yfn]sf] 5 . ef/tn] ljutdf dfcf]jfbLsf] rnv]nnfO{ hlt a]jf:tfh:tf]
u/]sf] lyof] otf cfP/ To;sf] 7Ls pN6f] Jojxf/ k|bz{g eO/x]sf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLsf] ef/tl:yt efOrf/f ;Ë7g …clvn ef/t g]kfnL
Pstf ;dfhÚ dfly …cftÍsf/LÚ cf/f]k;lxt
k|ltaGw nufpg', g]kfneGbf klxn] g} p;nfO{ cftÍsf/L 3f]if0ff
ug'{ tyf qmdzM dfcf]jfbL g]tf / sfo{stf{ ;dfP/ g]kfnnfO{ lhDdf nufpg'
ef/tn] g]kfnsf] ;/sf/nfO{ u/]sf] /fhgLlts ;xof]u xf] . o;n]
cd]l/sg xf}jf b]vfP/ ef/tnfO{ cfˆgf] kIfdf /fVg] dfcf]jfbLsf]
s"6gLlt c;kmn ePsf] ;Í]t klg lbG5 . xfn cfP/ dfcf]jfbLx¿n]Ù
/fhf 1fg]Gb|, ef/t / cd]l/sfsf] cfkm"k|ltsf] wf/0ffdf Ps?ktf
cfPsf] / To;sf] k|ltkmn g} df]xg j}Bsf] lu/ˆtf/L xf] eGg] s'/f
:jLsf/]sf 5g\ .
j}Bsf] lu/ˆtf/Lk|lt lj/f]w hgfpg dfcf]jfbLx¿n]
Psflt/ ef/tLo hldg k|of]u ub}{ kz'klt gu/sf] k|x/L rf}sLdf cfqmd0f
u/]Ù wgu9Ldf ef/tLo gDa/ Kn]6sf 8]9 bh{g 6\ofÍ/ hnfPÙ
e}/xjfdf ef/tLo 6«ssf 8«fOe/ / vnf;L dfly uf]nL xfg]
/ g]kfnu~hdf ef/tLo lkmNd aGb ug{ cfb]z lbP eg], csf]{lt/ rflxF
dfcf]jfbLsf sf/0f lj:yflkt x'g k'u]sf s~rgk'/sf xhf/f}F hgtfnfO{
ef/tLo ;'/Iff kmf}hn] cf>o lbP/ /fv] . t/ oL ;a} sf/afxLx¿
…pQ]hgfTds dfq x'g\ gLltut xf]Ogg\Ú eg]/ dfcf]jfbL
k|jQmfn] ef/tnfO{ cfZj:t kfl/;s]sf 5g\ . o;n] gLltut ¿kdf
dfcf]jfbLsf] s]Gb|Lo g]t[Tj c‰} klg ef/tsf] g/d /j}ofsf lglDt
cfzfjfbL /x]sf] b]vfpF5 . t/ olt g} a]nf ef/tLo pkk|d nfns[i0f
cf8jf0fLn] g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbL / ef/tsf gS;njfbL -kL8ANo"hL,
Pd;L;L_ cflbnfO{ ;dfg 9Ën] k|ltsf/ ug'{kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ .
olb cf8jf0fLsf] sygnfO{ g} ef/tsf] gLlt 7fGg] xf] eg] dfcf]jfbLsf
w]/} ljsNkx¿ ;dfKt x'Fb} uPsf b]lvG5g\ . pgLx¿sf
;fd' hgo'4sf] :j?knfO{ abn]/ hgcfGbf]ngdf cfpg' of t /fhf;Fu jftf{
u/]/ ;D‰f}tf ug'{h:tf ljsNk dfq afFsL /xg]5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLn] xfn;fn};Dd /fhf 1fg]Gb|;Fu jftf{ jf ;D‰f}tfsf]
s'/f c;Dej eg]sf 5g\ . t/ pgLx¿sf] of] syg kTofpg ;lsg]
cfwf/ alnof 5}gg\ . lsgeg] k|ltufdL /fhf;Fu pgLx¿n]
kf]xf]/ ;fn} jftf{ u/]/ lxF8]sf x'g\ . tyflk kf]xf]/sf] o'4lj/fd
/ jftf{n] Psflt/ /fhfsf] k|ltudgnfO{ d2t k'¥ofPsf] / csf{lt/
jftf{ eË u/]sf] ckh;sf sf/0f ljZj;gLotf w/f;foL ePsf]n] dfcf]jfbLx¿
jftf{ jf ;D‰f}tfdfkm{t\ lgsf;df hfg rfxFb}gg\ . dfcf]jfbLsf]
of] afWotf ;Qf kIfn] klg a'‰]sf] 5 . To;} eP/ pgLx¿nfO{
/fhgLlts jf kmf}hL afWotfdf kf/]/ dfq jftf{df Nofpg ;lsg] lgisif{
p;n] lgsfn]sf] xf] . zfxL ;]gfsf] nuftf/sf] k/fhon] dfcf]jfbL
To;lglDt afWo eO/x]sf] lyPg . t/ df]xg j}Bsf] lu/ˆtf/L
/ ef/tsf] s8f /j}ofn] /fhf / dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] ;DjfbnfO{ glhSofpg
;S5 . s"6gLlts k|of;af6 ef/tnfO{ cfˆgf] kIfdf lng]
dfcf]jfbLsf] k|of; xfnnfO{ ;kmn gx'g] b]lvG5 . t/ ef/tn] ;fgfltgf
g]tfx¿nfO{ a'‰fP/ ;LkL uh'/]n / df]xg j}Bh:tf jl/i7
g]tfx¿nfO{ k|fljlws sf/0fsf cfwf/df ef/td} /fVg'df rflxF
/fhgLlts cy{ n's]sf] x'g;S5 . o;af/]df dfcf]jfbL Ps lhDd]jf/
/fhgLlts zlQm xf] eg] p;n] g} ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] s'g} k|sf/sf] uf]Ko
;f}bfafhLsf] sf/stTj cfkm}F gagf];\ .
dfcf]jfbL cfkm"nfO{ kmf}hL ¿kdf ljhosf]
lg0ff{os 38Ldf k'u]sf] atfpF5 . olb Tof] bfaL ;xL xf] eg] p;n]
cfˆgf] kmf}hnfO{ of t cfwf/ If]q agfP/ /fHo;Qfsf sfdx¿
lbg;Sg'k5{ of t lg/Gt/ n8fOFdf xf]Dg'k5{ . nfdf–nfdf
gfsfaGbLdfkm{t\ p;n] cnUu} /fHo;Qfsf] k|f?k tof/ ug]{ jf cEof; ug{
u/]sf] x'g;S5, t/ tL If]qx¿ k|ydtM 3f]lift ¿kdf gofF
;Qf xf]Ogg\, låtLotM tL If]qx¿df ad / a'n]6sf] e/df
dfq p;sf] cl:tTj b]lvPsf] xf] . ;DejtM ;+;f/df olt cnf]slk|o
…hgo'4Ú jf cfGbf]ng st} ePsf 5}gg\Ù hxfF lgxTyf
hgtf dfg]{Ù afn / j[4fnfO{ ;]gf agfpg] -x]=tl:a/_Ù
hgtfnfO{ hah{:tL o'4df xf]Dg] ul/G5 . log} sf/0fn] hgtf dfcf]jfbL
lj?4 s~rgk'/df xTofsf] :t/;Dd plqg ljjz eP . hgtfn] Ps}7fpFdf
;ft hgf dfcf]jfbL dfg'{ dfcf]jfbL–HofbtLn] k/fsfi7f gf3]sf]
:ki6 k|df0f xf] . pgLx¿sf] …gfsfaGbL o'4Ú
pgLx¿s} sfn eP/ ;dfKt x'g'sf] sf/0f klg hgcfqmf]z g} xf] .
a[4x¿nfO{ slyt …hgdfr{Ú df lxF8\g afWo kfg]{,
krf; nfv afnaflnsfnfO{ ;]gfdf egf{ ug{] 3f]if0ff ug]{ h:tf o'4 ck/fwdf
k|ToIf ;+nUg dfcf]jfbLn] /fi6«;+3sf] dWo:ytfsf lglDt u'xf/
ug'{ cfkm}Fdf nHhf:kb s'/f xf] .
/fhgLlts bnx¿sf] cfGbf]ngdf pn]{sf] hg;fu/af6
lzIff u|x0f u/]/ cfˆgf] o'4nfO{ hgcfGbf]ngdf ¿kfGt/0f
ub}{ cfˆgf sfdx¿sf] ;dLIff ug'{ dfcf]jfbLsf lglDt casf]
;a}eGbf pko'Qm af6f] x'g;S5 . ef/tLox¿sf] ablnFbf] gLlt,
xfn rln/x]sf] cfGbf]ng / cfˆgf] Jofks cnf]slk|otfnfO{ dgg\
u/L g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] clxn] g} cfkm"nfO{ abNg] lxDdt u/]g eg]
p;sf lglDt ljho t k/} hfcf];\Ù ljgf;sf] af6f] dfq ;'/lIft
/xg] b]lvG5 .
/fhdfu{df
k}bn lxF8\g'kg]{ ljjztf
dfcf]jfbLx¿n]
;'b"/klZrddf u/]sf @^ lbg nfdf] gfsfaGbLn]
o; e]usf hgtfnfO{ r/d ;f:tL / qf;df afFRg ljjz agfof] . ;'b"/klZrdnfO{
dfcf]jfbLn] Psk6s km]l/ dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ lgdf{0f x'g'cl3sf] cj:yfdf
kmsf{P/ ef/tsf] af6f] cfjthfjt ug'{kg]{ jf ;of}F lsnf]ld6/ k}bn
lxF8\g'kg]{ cj:yfdf k'¥ofP .
dxfsfnL–;]tL a; tyf ldgLa; Joj;foL ;ldltsf
tLg ;o j6f a; ‰08} Ps dlxgf u'8]gg\ . ;ldltsf dxf;lrj
afa'/fd zdf{ z'?df rnfpg] k|of; ul/P klg dfcf]jfbLx¿n] s~rgk'/sf]
u'nl/of ahf/ glhs} b'O{ ofq'jfxs a;df uf]nL k|xf/ / b'O{ j6f 6]Dkf]df
cfuhgL u/]kl5 ;Dk"0f{ oftfoft 7Kk ePsf] atfpF5g\ . ef/t
hfg]–cfpg] ;'b"/ tyf dWoklZrdsf afl;Gbfx¿n] xKtf}F
lxF8]/ u8\8frf}sL l5rf]Ng' k¥of] . sflnsf]6, l;pgfsf ^%
jlif{o nfnaxfb'/ km;f{nnfO{ u8\8frf}sL cfOk'Ug !) lbg nfUof] .
w]/}n] rf/–kfFr 306fsf] df]6/ af6f] dx]Gb| /fhdfu{sf] lr;fkfgL
ahf/af6 b'O{ ;o lsld klZrd dx]Gb|gu/ cfOk'Ug tLg lbg lxF8\g' k/]sf]
lyof] .
ahf/df b}lgs cfjZostfsf y'k|} ;fdfgx¿sf]
cefj /Xof] . n'lDagL Uof;sf clws[t laqm]tf lji0f'k|;fb v/]nn]
r}tsf] klxnf] ;ftfaf6 k;ndf nfu]sf] ;6/ clGtd ;ftf;Dd vf]n]gg\ .
kmnfd] 58 / l;d]G6 gkfP/ lgdf{0f sfo{x¿ /f]lsP . æs]xL
jif{cl3;Dd g"g–t]nsf] nflu ;LdfjtL{ ef/tLo ahf/ wfpg]
dx]Gb|gu/sf afl;Gbfn] km]l/ To:t} ug'{ k¥of]Æ, dx]Gb|gu/sf
Jofkf/L dfgaxfb'/ rGb eG5g\ .
;'b"/klZrdsf gf}j6} lhNnfdf ul/Psf] gfsfaGbL;Fu}
dfcf]jfbLn] s'g} Ps lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf cfqmd0f ug]{ xNnf lkmFhfPsfn]
:yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿n] 7"nf] qf;aLr dlxgf u'hf/]sf lyP .
dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/]/ le8Gtdf …dfgj 9fnÚ agfpg] 8/n]
s~rgk'/sf] blIf0fL e]usf xhf/f}F afl;Gbf ef/tLo ;'/IffsdL{sf] z/0fdf
k'u]sf lyP .
•
/fh]Gb|gfy, dx]Gb|gu/
ef/tLo e"ldaf6 dfcf]jfbL
cfqmd0f
sdnf e§/fO{ |
| dfcf]jfbLn] cfqmd0fdf k|of]u u/]sf] ef/tsf]
;LdfjtL{ kmf6s ahf/sf] ahf/ 8fF8f] . |
dfcf]jfbLn] ;DejtM
klxnf] k6s ef/tLo e"ld;d]t k|of]u u/]/ Onfdsf] kz'kltgu/df
cfqmd0f u/]sf 5g\ . @^ r}t /flt of] cfqmd0f x'Fbf ef/tLo ;'/Iff
lgsfox¿n] s'g} k|ltlqmof hgfPgg\ . cfqmd0fkl5 rflxF
ef/tLo ;'/Iff clwsf/Lx¿n] of] If]qsf] ;'/Iffk|lt uDeL/ rf;f]
b]vfpFb} kz'kltgu/sf] lg/LIf0f u/]sf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLn] cfqmd0f ug'{cl3 ef/tLo e"ldaf6}
…g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s dfldnfdf x:tIf]k gug{Ú dfOlsª
u/]sf lyP . bfhL{lnª, ;'lsofkf]v/L k'ln; :6]zgsf k'/g
/fO{ eG5g\, æxfdL b'O{ j6f uf8L lnP/ cfpFb} lyof}F, dfcf]jfbLn]
r]tfjgL lbPkl5 cl3 a9\g ;s]gf}F .Æ dfcf]jfbLn] ef/tLo
e"ld k|of]u gu/]sf] bfaL u/] klg kmf6s ahf/ / bzuhf If]q ;d]t
pkof]u u/]/ Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nodf cfqmd0f u/]sf] k|x/L ;xfos lg/LIfs
s[i0f >]i7 atfpF5g\ . Onfdsf k|lhc k|]dk|;fb ;fksf]6fn]
dfcf]jfbLåf/f ef/tLo e"ldsf] k|of]u u/]sf]af/] dfly cjut
u/fPsf] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLn] Ps]–$&, o'kLPdhL,
PnPdhL, OG;f/, P;Pncf/ h:tf cTofw'lgs xltof/ k|of]u u/]sf] uf]nLsf
vf]sfaf6 yfxf ePsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .
cfqmd0fdf k|x/L lg/LIfs k|h's'df/ /fO{ / xjNbf/
;"o{ -;'/]z_ >]i7n] Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\ . kfFr lbgcl3
cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf >]i7 tLglbg] aGbn] ubf{ 3/ hfg kfPsf lyPgg\ .
dfcf]jfbLn] $! ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ ckx/0f u/]sf / Onfsf k|x/L, ;Ldf k|zf;g,
afl0fHo AofÍ / eG;f/ sfof{no Wj:t kf/]sf 5g\ . k|x/L
sfof{noaf6 @^ y|Lg6y|L /fOkmn, ^ l/eNe/, Pp6f ;6ug, kfFr lrlgof
k]:tf]n, sfof{nod} /flvPsf] afl0fHo AofÍsf] ns/af6 ef? !$
nfv eGbf a9L /sd / ahf/af6 s]xL ;fdfg n'l6Psf] 5 .
cfqmd0fkl5 s]xL dfcf]jfbL d]x]naf]6], uf]v]{,
hf]udfO{ / hd'gf uflj;lt/ tyf s]xL lhd{n] / ls6]gLtkm{ nfu]sf lyP .
kz'kltgu/df cfqmd0f x'g yfn]kl5 n's]/ /ft sf6]sf :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿n]
dfcf]jfbLn] ef]hk'/ cfqmd0f ug]{ klg cfkm"x¿ g} ePsf]
atfPsf ;'g]sf lyP .
•
sdnf e§/fO{÷/f]zg ;fFjf
/ ;6]Gb| hj]u'
cTofrf/sf] k|ltsf/
bL3{/fh pkfWofo |
| ufpFn]åf/f dfl/Psf dfcf]jfbL . |
clxn];Dd dfcf]jfbLsf
;a} HofbtL ;xFb} cfPsf s~rgk'/sf] lqe'jga:tL / k/f;g
uflj;sf hgtfn] cGttM pgLx¿sf] k|ltsf/ ub}{ ;ft hgf dfcf]jfbLnfO{
df/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLn] @$ r}tdf o; If]qsf b'O{ xhf/ eGbf
a9L dflg;nfO{ ckx/0f u/]/ …;z:q hgdflr{ª cleofgÚdf
n}hfg vf]h]kl5 pgLx¿ k|ltsf/df plqPsf x'g\ .
ufpFn]nfO{ o;/L lj/f]wdf ptfg]{ sfddf ;lqmo ;'saxfb'/
tfdfª / /fdrGb| g]kfnnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] dfg{ vf]h]kl5 ufpFn]x¿
ckm}F hfOnfu]sf x'g\ . o; qmddf lqe'jga:tL–!, k|ltefgu/sf
afl;Gbfn] @% r}t /flt ls/0f tfdfª -z]v/_, bLks ljs -bLk_ /
rf}w/L y/sf Ps 5fkfdf/sf] xTof ug'{sf ;fy} Ps yfg P;PdhL /fOkmn,
b'O{ e?jf aGb's, Ps s6'jf k]:tf]n / !) j6f ;s]6 ad sAhfdf lnP .
ufpFn]n] To;kl5 k/f;g–#, s ufpF / k/f;g–(, v8\8fufpFaf6
^ hgfnfO{ kqm]/ lbg]z hf]zL, ;kgf rf}w/L, axfb'/ ljs
-nId0f_ / cfO6d pkgfdsf rf/ dfcf]jfbLsf] lgd{dtfk"j{s
xTof u/] . pgLx¿n] ;dfltPsf dWo] :yfgLo lzIfs kbd zfxnfO{
To;} 5fl8lbPsf / xf]ljGb| ljs -sf]6L_ nfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ a'‰fPsf
lyP . ;'saxfb'/ tfdfª eG5g\, æxfdLn] xTof, lx+;fdf
;+nUg geO{ :jtGq ¿kdf hLjgofkg ug]{ lgwf] u/]sf lyof}F .
t/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ kr]g, pN6} xfdLnfO{ dfg{ vf]h] . /, :yfgLo
afl;Gbfx¿ r'k nfu]gg\ .Æ
of] 36gfkl5 lqe'jga:tL / k/f;gdf dfcf]jfbL cfqmd0f
x'g;Sg] cfzÍf 5fPsf] 5 . s}of}F dflg;x¿ ;/sf/n]
dfcf]jfbL;Fu h'Wg ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ xltof/ lbg'kg]{ dfu ug{ yfn]sf
5g\ . :yfgLo afl;Gbf v'zL/fd tfdfª ;/sf/n] xltof/ lbPdf
dfcf]jfbLlj?4sf] cleofgdf ;Dk"0f{ :yfgLo afl;Gbf pqg] atfpF5g\ .
hgtfsf] k|ltsf/kl5 ToxfF k'u]sf] ;'/Iffkmf}hn] :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf]
cfu|xdf :yfoL SofDk /fVg] ePsf] 5 .
lqe'jga:tLl:yt o; If]qsf] Onfsf k|x/L rf}sL ut jif{
;b/d'sfd dx]Gb|gu/ :yfgfGt/0f ul/Pkl5 dfcf]jfbLn] ;f] If]qdf n'6kf6,
s'6lk6, cfuhgL, xTof / ckx/0fnfO{ tLa| agfpFb} cfPsf lyP .
ut sflQssf] klxnf] ;ftf sflnsf ahf/df pgLx¿n] kfFr hgf ufpFn]sf]
lgd{dtfk"j{s xTof u/]sf lyP .
•
bL3{/fh pkfWofo÷;'/]Gb|| e§
|
