casf g]kfnL efG;f

ls/0f g]kfn

cfw'lgs 3/sf ;'ljwfhgs efG;f / ltgdf hl8g] ;fdfgx¿sf] Jofkf/df ePsf] j[l4n] rs6L, lksf{ x'Fb} 8folgª\ 6]a'n;Dd k'u]sf] zx/ahf/sf g]kfnLx¿sf] vfgkfg z}nLdf kl/jt{g NofPsf] 5 . Pp6f Jo:t zx/L kl/jf/sf sfdsfhL dlxnfx¿ efG;fdf a;]/ vfgf ksfpFb} 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ …xf]djs{Ú ug{ ;3fpF5g\
eg] clkm; hfg xtf/ ePsf k'?ifx¿ efG;fsf] :nfad} a;]/ …a|]skmfi6Ú vfO/x]sf b]lvG5g\ .

æ3/ agfpFb} x'g'x'G5 < xfdL kmnfgf] sDkgLaf6 cfPsf] . tkfO{F xfdLnfO{ Pp6f sf]7f dfq lbg'xf];\, xfdL cTofw'lgs ;fdfgn] ;';lHht o'/f]lkog :6f088{sf] efG;f agfOlbG5f}F . vr{ tkfO{Fn] agfpg] ;fdfGo efG;fsf] eGbf @%–#) k|ltzt dfq} a9L nfU5 .Æ

sf7df8f}Fdf 3/ agfpg]x¿ w]/}n] lxhf]cfh o:tf k|:tfj lnP/ cfpg] ljleGg sDkgLsf Jofkf/ k|a4{sx¿nfO{ e]6]sf] x'g'k5{ . b}lgs bh{gf}Fsf] ;ª\Vofdf cfpg] oL dflg;sf s'/f ;'Gg'kbf{ sltnfO{ ‰sf]{ / k6\of/ nfu]sf] klg x'g;S5 . t/, oL dflg;x¿ TolQs} cfPsf x'Fb}gg\, ahf/df gf}nf dflgPsf cg]sf}F j:t' / ;]jf lnP/ cfPsf x'G5g\ .

g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f;Fu;Fu} cfw'lgstfsf] kl/rfos ag]sf cg]sg\ j:t'x¿sf] ahf/ lj:tf/ x'Fb} uPsf] 5 lxhf]cfh . ljutdf wgf9\ox¿sf 3/df dfq} x'g] 6]lnlehg, cl8of] l;:6d, sDKo'6/h:tf ;fdfgx¿ ca cfd cfjZostfsf j:t' alg;s]sf 5g\ . s/La–s/La o:t} cj:yf 5, …df]8'n/ lsr]gÚ / To;df cfjZos ljB'tLo lrDgL, s'lsª /]~h, dfOqmf]j]e, jf6/ lkmN6/, /]lk|mlh/]6/h:tf efG;fsf cfw'lgs ;/;fdfgx¿sf] . tLg–rf/ jif{b]lv sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf v'a} laqmL x'gyfn]sf efG;fsf cfw'lgs ;fdfgx¿ lxhf]cfh w]/} g]kfnLx¿sf] 3/df l5l/;s]sf 5g\ . ahf/ k|j4{sx¿ 3/3/df uP/ u|fxsx¿sf] hLjgz}nL, ;do, Jo:ttf, :jf:Yo cflb s'/f;Fu hf]8\b} cf–cfˆgf] a|f08sf ;fdfgsf] Jofkf/ ul//x]sf b[Zo ;fdfGo ePsf 5g\ .

s:tf] x'G5 df]8'n/ lsr]g
;fgf] t/ lrl6Ss k/]sf] efG;f, vfg]s'/f / efF8fs'F8fx¿ dhfn] ;hfP/ /fVg ;lsg] v08}v08 k/]sf ¥ofsx¿, v'nf / ;kmf;'U3/ jftfj/0fÙ o:t}–o:t} y'k|} ljz]iftfx¿ 5g\, df]8'n/ lsr]gsf . To:t}, vfgf ksfpFbf lg:sg] w'jfF / t]n ;f]:g] ljB'tLo lrDgL, kfgL ;kmf / z'4 kfg]{ cTofw'lgs lkmN6/x¿, vfgf :jR5 /fVg] /]lk|mlh/]6/, vfgf ksfpg ;lhnf] x'g] s'lsª /]~h, s's 6k, cf]egh:tf UofF; / lah'nLaf6 rNg] yl/yl/sf r'Nxf], dfOqmf]j]e cflb w]/} lsl;dsf efG;fsf ;fdfg -PS;];f]l/h_ x¿n] ;lhPsf] x'G5, Pp6f :j:y, ;kmf;'U3/ / Jojl:yt df]8'n/ efG;f .

;fgf]df ^ kmL6 rf}8f, & kmL6 nfdf]b]lv 7"nf]df cfˆgf] cfjZostf cg';f/ h'g;'s} cfsf/sf] sf]7fdf tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 df]8'n/ lsr]g . sf]7fsf] s'gfsfKrf ;d]t cf]u6]/ agfOg] ¥ofsx¿ / ¥ofsleq ldnfP/ /flvPsf :6Ln tyf kmfOa/sf Xofª\u/x¿ x'g] o:tf] efG;f ePsf] 3/df vfg]s'/fsf ;fdu|L / efF8fs'F8f /fVg 5'§} :6f]/ rflxFb}g . ;fgf] 7fpFd} 7"nf] kl/df0fdf ;fdfgx¿ c6fpg ;lsG5 . ;fdfgx¿ htftt} c;/Nn k/]sf], efG;f kmf]xf]/ ePsf] b]Vg'kb}{g .

¥ofs agfpg ljb]zaf6 cfoftLt jf :jb]zL b'j}yl/sf7sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . cfoftLt sf7x¿ gk;flËg], gaflËg], kfgL, cfuf] / sL/fn] gvfg] / l6sfp clg /fd|f] x'g] bfjL Joj;foLx¿sf] 5 . :yfgLo sf7nfO{ klg ljz]if k|sf/n] l;hlgª / l6«6d]G6 u/]/ /fd|f] kfl/Psf] x'G5 . ahf/df O6fnLdf ag]sf cd]l/sf / o'/f]ksf Pz, cf]s, aLrb]lv g]kfn / ef/tsf cf]v/ -cf]s_ ;Ddsf sf7x¿ pknAw 5g\, h;nfO{ cfuf], kfgL / sL/fn] gvfg] u/L k|LNofldg];g u/]/ jf Ans af]8{ tyf ;fdfGo af]8{df ;gdfOsf jf kmf]/dfOsf 6fF;]/ agfOPsf] x'G5 . sf7sf] sfd ;s]/ ¥ofsleq ;fdfg /fVg] XofË/x¿ lkm6 u/]kl5 cfjZos x'G5 s'lsª\ /]~h, lrDgL, jf6/ lkmN6/ cflbsf] . df]8'n/ lsr]g agfOlbg] Joj;foLx¿n] oL ;fdfgx¿ klg pknAw u/fpF5g\ . u|fxsn] j:t'sf] u'0f:t/, pkof]lutf, Uof/]06L–jf/]06L, d]G6]g]G; / laqmLkl5sf] ;]jfdf Wofg lbP k'U5 . Ps–Ps jif{sf] Uof/]06L / jf/]06L, tLg jif{;Ddsf] lgMz'Ns d]G6]g]G;– w]/}n] b]vfpg] cfsif{0fx¿ x'g\ .

sf7, XofË/, ljleGg lkml6ª, lsnf sAhf cflbsf] a|f08 / u'0f:t/df e/ k5{ efG;fsf] d"No– ;a}eGbf ;fgf] ^ afO{ * kmL6sf] efG;fsf] nflu ?=&) xhf/b]lv ?=! nfv $) xhf/;Dd . oxL d"Nodf cfpF5g\ ;fdfGo s'lsª\ /]~h, cf]eg jf s's 6kdWo] Pp6f vfgf ksfpg] ;+oGq, Ps–Ps j6f lrDgL, jf6/ lkmN6/ / efF8f df´g] l;Gs . efG;f agfpFbf cfjZos u|]gfO6, 6foN;, l;d]06 cflb lgdf{0f ;fdu|L rflxF 3/wgL cfkm}Fn] pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . xfn;Dd ‰08} kfFr bh{g df]8'n/ lsr]g agfO;s]sf P;PgkL 6«]8;{sf k|jL0f ;ª\u|f}nf eG5g\, æefG;fsf] nfut eg]sf] o;sf] cfsf/ / o;df k|of]u x'g] PS;];f]l/hsf] cfwf/df a9\g] jf 36\g] x'G5 .Æ ;+u|f}nfsf] egfOdf pgsf] sDkgLn] sf7df8f}Fdf ;f9] % nfv ?k}ofFeGbf a9L nfutsf] efG;f agfPsf] 5 .

a9\bf] ahf/
bfp/f, e';, lx6/, UofF; x'Fb} On]lS6«s cf]eg / s'lsª /]~hdf k'u]sf] zxl/of g]kfnL efG;fdf lksf{df kn]6L s;]/ vfg] rng k|foM x/fO;s]sf] 5 . k"/} kl/jf/ 8fOlgª\ 6]a'n jl/kl/ a;]/ vfg] rng klg x6\b} hfg yfn]sf] 5 . 3/aflx/ sfd ug]{ dlxnfx¿sf] ;ª\Vof klg a9\b}5 . laxfg efG;fsf] :nfad} a;]/ s]xL vfFb} sfd / :s"n–sn]hlt/ bf}8g] u5{g\ kl/jf/sf k|foM ;b:ox¿ . dWofXgsf] vfgf aflx/}, afa'cfdfsf] clkm;lt/ / 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] :s"ndf, x'G5 . a]n'sL klg Pp6f Kn]6df vfg]s'/f lnP/ lnleª ?dlt/ l6eL x]b}{ a:of] / vfof] . o:t} 5 lxhf]cfhsf] Psn kl/jf/sf] Jo:t lbgrof{ . To;}n] w]/}nfO{ ;lhnf] efG;fsf] cfjZostf v6\lsg yfn]sf] 5 .

zx/L hLjgsf] Jo:ttf, PSnf]kg, :jf:Yok|ltsf] ;Dj]bgzLntf / cfw'lgstf log} k|d'v sf/0f x'g\, cTofw'lgs efG;f / o;sf ;fdfgsf] laqmL a9fpg] . clxn] s/La ;ft j6f sDkgLn] xft xfn]sf 5g\, b]zsf k|d'v zx/L If]qdf …df]8'n/ lsr]gÚ agfpg] Joj;fodf . lrDgL, s'lsª\ /]~h, /]lk|mlh/]6/ cflb ;fdfg laqmL ug]{ bh{gf}F sDkgLx¿ 5g\ . oL sDkgLsf ‰08} b'O{ ;o Jofkf/ k|a4{sx¿sf] nIo ag]sf 5g\ d'Vo ¿kdf sf7df8f}F pkTosf clg To;kl5 kf]v/f, lj/f6gu/, jL/u~hsf zx/jf;Lx¿ .

zx/L If]qdf alg/x]sf gofF 3/x¿ t pgLx¿sf] klxnf] 6fh]{6 eOxfn] . ltgdf aGg] efG;fdf ;fdfGo ¥ofs, ksfpg] :Nofa, UofF; r'Nxf] cflb /fVbf dfq} klg sDtLdf ?=$)–%) xhf/ vr{ eOxfN5 . o;/L agfOg] efG;f cfjZostfeGbf 7"nf] eP/ nfut a9]sf] kQ} x'Fb}g . efG;f ;kmf gx'g], ksfP/ /flvg] vfgf / ;'Vvf vfBfGg rfF8} lalu|g] ;d:ofn] a9fpg] vr{sf] t lx;fa} x'Fb}g . k/Dk/fut efG;fsf log} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ vf]h]sf] 5, cfw'lgs efG;fn] . s'lsª /]~h / lrDgL pknAw u/fpg] o'lge;{n 6«]l8ª ;s{nsf ldng kf08] eG5g\, ætLg jif{cl3;Dd dlxgfdf ?=$ nfvsf] lrDgL laqmL x'g] u/]sf]df clxn] ‰08} ?=^) nfv k'Ug nfu]sf] 5 .Æ Joj;foLx¿sf cg';f/, df]8'n/ lsr]g / o;sf ;fdfgx¿sf] dfl;s ?=% s/f]8sf] Jofkf/ x'G5 .

efG;fdf k|of]u x'g] gofF–gofF pks/0fx¿sf] cfsif{0f oltlj£g 5 ls 7"N7"nf Joj;foLx¿ ;d]t o;tkm{ cfslif{t ePsf 5g\ . uf]N5f cu{gfOh];gn] …;fd;'ªÚ cf]eg, /]lk|mlh/]6/ / cGo lsr]g PS;];f]l/hx¿ ;d]t /fv]/ b/af/dfu{df Pp6f 7"nf] zf]?d g} vf]n]sf] 5 . To:t}, ;f]N6L xf]6n kl/;/df /x]sf] …d]6«f] dnÚ l8kf6{d]06n :6f];{sf] k|d'v cfsif{0f g} ag]sf 5g\, PNaf a|f08sf lsr]g PS;];f]l/hx¿ .

g]kfnd} aG5g\
efG;f ;hfpg]tkm{ g]kfnLx¿sf] a9\bf] cfsif{0fsf] df}sf 5f]k]sf 5g\ s]xL g]kfnL pBdLx¿n] klg efG;fsf s]xL ;fdfgx¿sf] b]z leq} pTkfbg z'? u/]/ . !) jif{cl3 xf]6nx¿nfO{ cfjZos 7"N7"nf l8k lk|mh, cf]egx¿ pTkfbg ug{ z'? u/]sf] ljzfn lsr]g OlSjkd]06 k|fln clxn] s'lsª /]~h, lk|mh, l;+s, 6f]:6/, s's/ x'8 nufotsf ;fdfgx¿ pTkfbg ub{5 . ljleGg 7"N7"nf xf]6n, /]i6'/]06x¿ g} d'Vo u|fxs ePsf] of] pTkfbgsf] ahf/df ljzfn lsr]g;Fu} sflGtk'/ tyf Sjfln6L lsr]g OlSjkd]06– tLg k|lt:kwL{x¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ . jflif{s s/La ?=* s/f]8sf] ahf/ ePsf] lsr]g OlSjkd]06sf g]kfnL pTkfbgx¿ ltAatdf ;d]t lgof{t x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf jif{x¿df ljzfn lsr]gn] dfq} ltAatsf ljleGg cf7–gf} j6f xf]6ndf cfˆgf pTkfbg lgof{t u/]sf] 5 . tLg j6f sDkgLdf u/L ‰08} ;o hgf hltn] /f]huf/L kfPsf 5g\ . g]kfnL lsr]g OlSjkd]06 pTkfbsx¿ ljb]zL sDkgLx¿nfO{ cfˆgf k|lt:kwL{ dfGb}gg\ . ljzfn lsr]gsf ljzfn 9sfn eG5g\, æaNsdf l8n ug]{ xfdL / zf]?d jf 8fO/]S6 dfs]l6{ªdfkm{t\ JolQmut ¿kdf u|fxsnfO{ k5\ofpg] c¿ sDkgLx¿sf] ahf/ g} 5'§} 5 . pgL cufl8 eG5g\, æ7"nf] nufgL cfjZos kg]{ ePsf]n] JolQm–JolQmn] lsGg] ;–;fgf ;fdfg pTkfbg xfdL ug{ ;Sb}gf}F eg] 7"N7"nf o'lg6 ljb]zaf6 cfoft ubf{ dxFuf] kg]{ sf/0f pgLx¿ o;df cfpg ;Sb}gg\ .Æ

bfaL cf–cfˆg}
a|f08 cg';f/ ;a}sf] cf–cfˆg} ahf/ t 5Fb}5 t}klg O6flnog k|ljlwdf ToxLF ag]sf jf cGoq P;]Dan ePsf df]8'n/ lsr]g, s'lsª /]~h / lrDgLx¿tkm{ u|fxsx¿sf] ljz]if cfslif{t b]lvG5g\ . ef/tLo, lrlgofF / tfOjfgL a|f08x¿n] klg lj:tf/} cfˆgf] ahf/ a9fpFb} nu]sf 5g\ .

w]/}sf] zf]?d eP klg ;fdfg laqmL x'g] ;a}eGbf e/kbf]{ dfWod rflxF …8fO/]S6 dfs]{l6ªÚ g} xf] . sldzgdf sfd ug]{ ljleGg sDkgLsf ahf/ k|j4{sx¿sf] u|fxsnfO{ dgfpg] tl/sf / lj:tf/} Ps u|fxsaf6 csf]{ u|fxsdf k'Ug] hfgsf/L g} ahf/ lj:tf/sf k|d'v xltof/ x'g\ . To;}n] laqm]tfx¿n] laqmLkl5sf] ;]jf ;'lglZrt ug]{df ;a}eGbf a9L Wofg lbPsf 5g\ .

tLg jif{cl3 df]8'n/ lsr]gsf] nflu cTofjZos lrDgL leœofPsf] cf/;L 6«]l8ªsf] …cN6«fk|m]zÚ a|f08sf lrDgLn] b'O{ jif{cl3;Dd ahf/df Psflwsf/ g} hdfPsf lyP . clxn] c¿ sDkgLn] NofPsf o'/f]lkog :6f088{sf lrDgL nufot cGo lsr]g PS;];f]l/hx¿tkm{ pkef]Qmfsf] Wofg tflgPsf] 5 . …sfkmÚ, …Un]gÚ, …PlnsfÚ, …PNafÚ, …;fd;'ªÚ a|f08x¿ 5f]6f] ;dod} nf]slk|o x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . a|f08 kf]lh;lgª / laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf o;sf] d'Vo sf/0f xf] .