g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGw /fhgLlts gftf 6'6\bf ;d:of a9\5g\

g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts g]t[Tjn] laxf/, pQ/k|b]z / a+ufnsf /fhgLlts bn, ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfx¿, Jofkf/L, pBf]uklt / cfd gful/s;Fu s'g} lsl;dsf] ;DaGw :yflkt ug]{ hdsf]{ slxNo} u/]g, hals ef/tsf] s]Gb|Lo /fhgLltdf logsf] k|efj lbgx'F a9\bf] 5 .

xl/ /f]sf

elgG5Ù ! k'; @)!& sf] /fhf dx]Gb|sf] …kmf}hL s'Ú sf] k"j{ hfgsf/L ef/tnfO{ lbOPsf] lyof] . To;kl5sf #@ jif{;Dd /fhfsf] PstGqLo k~rfotL zf;g l6Sgdf …zLto'4Ú sfnLg cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt hlt lhDd]jf/ lyof]Ù ef/tLo /fhgLltn] klg Tolt g} of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng z'? x'g'eGbf s]xL lbgcl3 ;DkGg g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] e]nfdf ef/tLo g]tfx¿n] hfx]/ u/]sf] cfGbf]ngk|ltsf] P]Soj4tfs} sf/0f k~rfot 9Ng k'u]sf] 7fG5g\ k~rfotjfbLx¿ . @)$^ ;fnkl5 klg s';L{af6 v':sg k'u]sf sltko dGqL / k|wfgdGqLx¿n] k|ToIf jf k/f]If ¿kdf cfˆgf] ktgdf ef/tsf] xft /x]sf] bf]iff/f]k0f ul/g} /x] . cf7 jif{ k'/fgf] dfcf]jfbL …hgo'4Ú df ef/tsf] k|ToIf e"ldsf b]Vg]x¿sf] ;ª\Vof sd 5}g . jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] …lgo'lQmÚ df /fhfsf] eGbf ef/tsf] xft alnof] /x]sf] rrf{ c‰} ;]nfPsf] 5}g .

o;/L g]kfndf 36\g] x/]sh;f] /fhgLlts 36gfx¿df ef/tsf] gfd %) cf}F jif{b]lv hf]l8Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ef/tsf] e"ldsfnfO{ lnP/ g]kfndf p;k|lt ;w}Fh;f] cfzÍf / pN‰gx¿ k}bf x'g'sf] cfwf/e"t sf/0f g]kfn–ef/t aLrsf] P]ltxfl;s, cfly{s, /fhgLlts / ;fdflhs ;DaGwÙ g]kfnsf] e"–/fhgLlts agf]6, ef/tsf] lglDt /0fgLlts dxŒj /fVg] g]kfnsf] e"–cjl:ylt xf] . t/ of] g} ;a}yf]s eg] xf]Og . ef/t, g]kfnsf] t'ngfdf x/ lx;fan] 7"nf] ePsf]n] p;n] v]Ng] u/]sf] …7"NbfOÚ sf] e"ldsf g]kfnsf nflu slxn]sfxLF cleefjssf] h:tf] / a9L rflxF …;fd|fHojfbLÚsf] h:tf] x'g k'U5 .

g]kfnL zÍfsf cfwf/
ef/tLo /fhb"t Zofd z/0fn] ædfcf]jfbL kqmFbf klg lj/f]w x'G5 / gkqmFbf klg lj/f]w x'G5 . ljZjf; geOGh]n;Dd xfdLn] h] u/] klg lj/f]w eO/xG5Æ eg]/ b'Mv];f] kf]v]sf 5g\ . -@! l8;]Da/ @))#, sflGtk'/_ . g]kfndf ;g\ !(%) b]lvsf] g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{x¿sf] lni6 x]g]{ xf] eg] cGo s'g} b]zsf] eGbf a9\tf ;xof]u ef/taf6} k|fKt ePsf] 5 . g]kfnLx¿sf] tLy{a|t, /f]huf/L, Jofkf/ cflb klg ef/t;Fu} a9L x'G5 . /fhfÙ g]tf sfo{stf{x¿sf] z/0f:yn klg ef/t g} /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . /fhf /0faxfb'/ / lqe'jgb]lv sfª\u|]; sDo'lgi6 / clxn]sf dfcf]jfbL;Ddsf] Oltxf;n] o;nfO{ k'li6 u5{ . otf cfP/ dfcf]jfbLx¿ dfq geO{ ltgsf] o'4af6 kLl8tx¿n] klg ef/td} cf>o lnO/x]sf 5g\ . t}klg lsg ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f aGg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g oL b'O{ d'n'saLr <

g]kfnL sfª\u|];nfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg t/fO{ sfª\u|];nfO{ dnhn xfNg], Tof] sfd gnfu]kl5 uh]Gb|gf/fo0f l;+xx¿nfO{ 3fF; xfNg], cfkm" k|hftflGqs b]z x'Fbfx'Fb} klg )!& sf] /fhfsf] …s'Ú / To;kl5sf] clwgfosjfbL ;Qfk|lt ;b\efj /fVg] h:tf Jojxf/n] g]kfnsf k|hftflGqs zlQmx¿sf] dgdf ef/tLo ;Qf ;w}F g]kfn;Fu v]N5 eGg] 5fk k/]sf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm g]kfnsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs ljsf; eGbf ;}Go–/0fgLlts cfwf/df ef/tn] g]kfnsf] pQ/L ;Ldfdf ;}Go r]skf]i6x¿ /fVg'Ù ;8s, ;~rf/, ljdfg:yn h:tf k"jf{wf/df ;xof]u k'¥ofpFbf / lgdf{0f ubf{ cfˆgf] ;fdl/s :jfy{nfO{ dfq} pRr k|fyldstfdf /fVg'Ù g]kfnnfO{ ;d'b|;Dd k'Ug] :yfoL / l:y/ ;'ljwf glbg'Ù rLg -ltAat_ ;Fusf ljleGg gfsf;Dd k'Ug ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ g]kfnsf] k|of;nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug'{Ù g]kfnaf6 ef/ttkm{ s'g} a:t'sf] lgof{t j[l4 x'gf;fy To;nfO{ cg]s xys08f ckgfP/ ;d:ofdf kfg'{ h:tf cg]sf}F lqmofsnfkn] ef/tk|lt g]kfnLsf] dg s'Fl9Psf] / zÍfsf] af]6 df}nfPsf] xf] . g]kfnnfO{ ;du|df ef/t cfˆgf] jl/kl/ kmGsf dfl//xg] …:of6nfO6 :6]6Ú df ?kfGtl/t ug{ rfxG5 eGg] y'k|} g]kfnLsf] dgdf k/]sf] 5 .

6gsk'/ Aof/]hsf] ‰d]nf / PsLs[t dxfsfnL ;lGwnfO{ ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg ef/t cyf{t\ p;sf sf7df8f}Fdf a:g] s"6gLlts sd{rf/Ln] v]n]sf] e"ldsfn] …g]kfn hlxn] klg ef/taf6 7luG5Ú eGg] cfd g]kfnLsf] dgdf /xFb} cfPsf] cfzÍfnfO{ g} k'li6 u¥of] . dxfsfnL ;lGw Pp6f b[i6fGt dfq xf] . jiff}{F cndndf /flvPsf a"9Lu08sL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf, dflyNnf] s0ff{nL, jL/u~hsf] ;'Vvf aGb/ufx ;~rfng h:tf s'/fx¿df ef/tsf] tkm{af6 To:tf] 38Ldf afwf–c8\rg km'sfP/ kl/of]hgf cl3 a9fpg] tbf?stf b]vfOof] h'g 38Ldf g]kfndf /fhf afx]s tL ;a} sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L u|x0f ug]{ ;/sf/ / /fhgLlts ;+/rgf g} 5}g . …o:tf] lsg <Ú eGg] k|Zg g} g]kfnLsf dgdf zÍf k}bf ug]{ cfwf/ xf] .
t/, ;d:of PstkmL{ dfq 5}gg\ . g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bn / ltgsf] g]t[Tjn] ef/tsf /fhgLlts bnx¿;Fu /fhgLlts ;DaGw / lgs6tf a9fpg]lt/ slxNo} Wofg lbPg . c‰ @)$^ ;fnkl5 ;Qfdf k'u]kl5 t ltgn] …;fpy AnsÚ l:yt ef/tLo k//fi6« dGqfnosf sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu dfq ;DaGw ;'b[9 ug{ yfn] . o;sf] kl/0ffd, cfh g]kfnsf /fhgLlts ;d:ofx¿af/] ef/tsf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ Psbd} yf]/} dfq hfgsf/L 5 . ef/tsf k|d'v /fhgLlts kf6L{ tyf ToxfFsf d"w{Go JolQmx¿;Fu JolQmut ldqtf;Dd k'u]sf] aLkL sf]O/fnf / dgdf]xg clwsf/L h:tf g]tfx¿sf] h:tf] /fhgLlts ;DaGw cfh cToGt sdhf]/ aGg k'u]sf] 5 . ef/tLo /fhgLltdf g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] eGbf Jofkfl/s, kfl/jfl/s cfwf/df b/af/sf] ;DaGw w]/} alnof] b]lvG5 .

g]kfnsf vf; l5d]sLM laxf/ / o"kL
laxf/, aËfn, pQ/ k|b]z, l;lSsd / pQ/f~rn g]kfn;Fu hf]l8Psf ef/tsf k|b]zx¿ x'g\ . ef/tLo s]Gb|Lo /fhgLltdf laxf/ / pQ/ k|b]zsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf /xg] u/]sf] 5 . !(&$ otf oL b'O{ k|b]zdf klxnfsf] h:tf] ef/tLo sfª\u|]; kf6L{sf] ks8 5}g . ToxfF gofF–gofF If]qLo zlQmx¿sf] pb\ej ePsf] 5 . /fli6«o hgtf bn, efhkf, ;dtf kf6L{ h:tf bnx¿ laxf/df / ax'hg ;dfh kf6L{, ;dfhjfbL bn, nf]sbn h:tf If]qLo bnx¿ pQ/ k|b]zdf kfn}kfnf] pl7/x]sf 5g\ / sfª\u|]; tyf efhkf h:tf /fli6«o:t/sf bnx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;Qfdf l6sfpg log} k|fGtLo bnx¿;Fu clgjfo{ ¿kdf ;Qf ;D‰f}tf ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . oL b'j} k|b]zx¿ If]qkmn / hg;ª\Vof b'j}df g]kfneGbf w]/} 7"nf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] clwsf+z Jofkf/ Joj;fo, lzIf0f /f]huf/L cflb oL b'O{ k|b]z eP/ dfq x'G5 .

log} k|b]zx¿;Fu g]kfnsf] kfl/jfl/s / ;f+:s[lts ;DaGw klg hf]l8Psf] 5 . t/, g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts g]t[Tjn] ToxfFsf /fhgLlts bn, ;f+:s[lts jf ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfx¿, Jofkf/L, pBf]uklt / cfd gful/s;Fu s'g} lsl;dsf] ;DaGw :yflkt ug]{ hdsf]{ slxNo} u/]g . jt{dfg kl/k|]Iodf ef/tLo s]Gb|Lo /fhgLltdf hlt dfly plNnlvt k|b]zsf /fhgLlt1x¿n] k|efj kfb{5g\Ù To:tf] k|efj Jo"/f]qm];Ln] kfg{ ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f klg g]kfnsf /fhgLlt1x¿n] a'‰]sf] b]lvFb}g .

g]kfnsf gbLsf x'g\ of Jofkf/sf, ofjt ;d:ofx¿ k|ToIf ¿kdf laxf/, o"kL / aËfn;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fV5g\ . To;}n] g]kfnsf] ;DaGw eGgf;fy tL k|b]zx¿;Fusf] ;DaGwn] ljz]if dxŒj /fVb5 . lat]sf lbgx¿df xfd|f] Jofkfl/s ;DaGwdf y'k|} ;d:ofx¿ cfPsf 5g\ . gbL s6fg / af9L, vfg]kfgL jf lah'nL jf gx/ h:tf s'/fx¿df y'k}| dgf]dflnGo / tLtfkL/f s'/fx¿ p7\g] u/]sf 5g\ . ;"rgf k|jfxdf klg To:tf cj/f]wx¿ v8f ePsf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf, ;fpg–ebf}df cfpg] af9L g]kfnn] afFw vf]n]/ ePsf] k|rf/ ToxfF x'G5 / g]kfnLx¿k|lt /f]if k|s6 u5{g\ ToxfFsf gful/sx¿ . hals g]kfndf To:tf afFwx¿ xfn;Dd agfOPsf 5}gg\ eGg] s'/f ToxfFsf gful/sx¿nfO{ yfx} 5}g .

g]kfnsf zf;s d08nLx¿nfO{ slxNo} laxf/ lj1, pQ/k|b]z lj1 jf cGo l5d]sL /fHox¿ lj1 rflxPgg\ . gt hg:t/df ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug{df tL l5d]sLx¿;Fu, ;f+:s[lts, ;fdflhs cleofgsf s'g} ;+/rgfx¿ g} v8f ul/P . b'O{ b]z:t/df ;DaGw ;'b[9 ug{ :yflkt ul/Psf] aLkL sf]O/fnf kmfp08]zg ;d]t s]Gb|Lo :t/df ;DaGw sfod ug{df pkof]u eO/x]sf] 5 .

h;/L ef/tLo g]tf / /fhgLlts bnx¿df g]kfn / o;sf ;d:of ;DaGwL hfgsf/L sdhf]/ x'Fb} uPsf] 5, To;}u/L g]kfnsf /fhgLlt1x¿df klg ef/tLo /fHok|0ffnL ;DaGwL 1fgsf] sdL 5 . ToxfF /fHox¿ ;'/Iff / ljb]z gLlt afx]s cGo ;a} s'/fx¿ cfkm}F lg0f{o u5{g\ eGg] s'/f klg xfd|f sltko g]tfx¿nfO{ yfxf gePsf] kfOG5 . uf]bfj/Lsf] kfgLnfO{ lnP/ sgf{6s / tldngf8" aLr ljBdfg ljjfb ;DaGwL hfgsf/L /fVbf, g]kfnsf gbLgfnf af/] gofF lbNnL;Fu s'/f ug{ yk v'/fs ldNg ;S5 eGg] x]Ssf g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts / Ao"/f]qm]l6s b'j} txdf knfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .

ef/tdf lxGb" cltjfbLx¿Ù ;fdGt, ;–;fgf /fhf /hf}6f / ax'/fli6«o lgudsf 5f]6f dl;gf dflns dfq a:b}gg\ . ef/tdf cfd g]kfnLx¿n] ef/tnfO{ dfof u/] h:t} g]kfnnfO{ dfof ug]{ y'k|} ljåfg\x¿, y'k|} dhb'/x¿, y'k|} ls;fgx¿ klg a:5g\ . ltgLx¿;Fu ;DaGw ufF:g' g} g]kfn / ef/t b'j}sf] lxtdf x'G5 . To:tf] cfk;L ;DaGwsf] lj:tf/n] dfq b'O{ d'n's aLrsf] cfk;L ljZjf; lgdf{0f ug{df ;xof]u k'U5 .
cfd g]kfnLx¿n] ef/tnfO{ ljZjf; ug{ / To;}u/L ef/tLox¿n] g]kfnnfO{ ljZjf; ug{ b'j} d'n'ssf s"6gLlts lgof]ux¿n] cfˆgf] sfo{z}nLnfO{ kl/jt{g ug'{ h?/L 5 .

Pp6fn] pkof]usf] /fhgLlt ug]{ / …efo;/foÚ aGg] rfxgf /fVg], clgÙ bf];|f]n] cfkm"nfO{ sdhf]/ 7fGg] / g]tf / g]t[Tj ju{sf] :jf:Yof]krf/ / lzIffsf nflu c:ktfn, d]l8sn tyf Ol~hlgol/Ë sn]h vf]Hb} lxF8\g] wGbfaf6 aflx/ lg:sg' k5{ . o:tf] ;DaGw sfod ug{ d"ntM nf]stflGqs k|lqmofdf lqmofzLn /x]sf zlQmx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg / nf]stflGqs k4lt sfod ug{df e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ h?/L 5 . nf]stGq axfnL jf /fhgLlts lgsf; :jfefljs ¿kdf g]kfnLn] g} vf]Hg] xf] . tyflk, lg/ª\s'ztf nfb\g] zlQmnfO{ xltof/aGb x'gaf6 /f]lslbPdf dfq} klg g]kfndf zflGt :yfkgf x'G5 . zflGt :yfkgf eP dfq lbuf] d}qL / ljZjf; cfh{g ug]{ jftfj/0f aG5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;lD‰lbPdf c‰ /fd|f] x'G5 .