cGt/f{li6«o cg'ejsf] s;Ldf gful/s ;'/Iff ;d"x

;+;f/df hxfF–hxfF …gful/s ;'/Iff anÚ kl/rfng ePsf] 5, ToxfF ‰g\ a9L xTof, lx+;f /
dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf 36gfx¿ ePsf 5g\ . of] cjwf/0ffn] sxLF ;sf/fTds kl/0ffd lbPsf] 5}g .

8f= lji0f'/fh pk|]tL

g]kfndf ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xnfO{ bafpg] gofF c:qsf] ¿kdf …gful/s ;'/Iff ;d"xÚ u7g ug]{ s'/f k|sfzdf NofPsf] 5 . o;sf] ;}4flGts cfwf/ k|hftflGqs k|lqmofsf] cleGg cËsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] …hg;xeflutfÚ g} xf] . cfˆgf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu gful/sx¿ cfkm}F ;lqmo x'g] cjwf/0ff ‰§ ;'Gbf /fd|} h:tf] klg nfUb5 . t/ of] ;a} vfnsf åGå ;dfwfg ug]{ ;xL af6f] eg] xf]Og . ;+;f/df hxfF–hxfF Kof/fldln6/L kmf];{, l;len ldlnl;of, l;len l8km]G; cflb gfpFdf …gful/s ;'/Iff anÚ kl/rfng ePsf] 5, ToxfF ‰g\ hh{/ ¿kdf xTof, lx+;f, of}g ck/fw / dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf 36gfx¿ ePsf 5g\ .

Ujf6]dfnfdf o'cf/Pg;L ljb|f]xLlj?4 ;/sf/åf/f v8f ul/Psf] …gful/s ;'/Iff ;d"xÚ .

gful/s ;'/Iff ;d"xsf] kl/rfng d'Votof b'O{ p2]Zosf] nflu ul/G5– klxnf], ;dfhdf x'g] u}//fhgLlts ck/fw lgoGq0f ug{ / bf];|f], ;z:q o'4sf] k|ltsf/ ug{ . a]nfot, O08f]g]l;of nufotsf s]xL b]zx¿df :yfgLo hgtfx¿ :j:km"t{ ¿kdf ;'/Iff ;d"xdf ;Ël7t eP/ rf]/L, anfTsf/, u'08fubL{, x'nbËf h:tf ;fdflhs ck/fw /f]syfd ug{ ;kmn b]lvPsf 5g\ . xltof/ gaf]Sg], lx+;fTds le8Gtdf gplqg] o:tf ;d"xx¿ ljleGg ;"rgf / ;~rf/ ;|f]tx¿sf] k|of]u u/]/ ck/flws lqmofsnfkdf nfu]sf JolQmx¿sf] rfnrng / lqmofsnfk cg'udg u5{g\, ;d'bfosf k|To]s ;b:onfO{ ;r]t u/fpFb} ck/fwsf] lzsf/ x'gaf6 hf]ufpF5g\ / ck/fwL lqmofsnfkdf nfu]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;D‰fO{–a'‰fO{ sfpG;]lnª u/]/ tyf tflndsf] dfWodaf6 ;dfhdf k'gM:yfkgf ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpF5g\ .

;z:q åGå ePsf b]zdf gful/s ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg /fHo jf ;'/Iff lgsfosf] ;lqmotfdf u7g x'g] gful/s ;'/Iff ;d"xx¿ xftxltof/ af]s]/ cfkm}F lx+;fTds le8Gtdf plqg] ;d"xx¿ x'g\ . o:tf ;d"xsf] Jofks kl/rfng cËf]nf, Ujf6]dfnf, lkmlnlkG;, ef/t cflb b]zdf ePsf] 5 .

cËf]nfdf o'lg6f -g]zgn o'lgog km/ b 6f]6n Ol08k]G8]G; ckm cËf]nf_ ljb|f]xL / ;/sf/sf] ;z:q åGå rs]{kl5 k|x/Lsf] ;lqmotfdf gful/s ;'/Iff bn u7g u/L ! s/f]8 @) nfv hg;ª\Vof ePsf] b]zdf $) nfveGbf a9L xftxltof/ afFl8of] . kl5 oLdWo] slt xltof/ o'lg6f ljb|f]xLx¿s} xftdf k'u] / k|x/Ldfly g} ;f]l‰P . o'lg6f ;dy{s ePsf] cfzÍfdf ;j{;fwf/0f gful/sdfly jlif{P . dfgjclwsf/ xgg\lj?4 cfjfh p7fpg]x¿dfly klg vlg;P . ufpFufpFdf xltof/ k'u]kl5 ;'/IffsdL{ ;dly{t gful/s / o'lg6f n8fs'aLr ePsf le8Gtsf] kl/0ffd:j?k ;g\ !((* sf] hgj/Lb]lv cS6f]a/;Ddsf !) dlxgfdf dfq} @ nfv %& xhf/eGbf a9L dflg;x¿ cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflkt ePsf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifbdf dxf;lrjsf ljz]ifb"tn] k]z u/]sf] cËf]nf k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 .

xltof/wf/L o'jfx¿n] pgLx¿;Fu ljdlt /fVg] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ wDSofpg], xTof, jnfTsf/ / ;d'bfodf n'6kf6 dRrfpg]b]lv lnP/ ;fdfGo 3/fo;L ‰u8f tyf JolQmut l/;OaLdf ;d]t tL xltof/sf] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf lyP . o:tf] sfd clxn] klg eO/x]sf] 5, h;sf] lj/f]wdf cËf]nfsf] …sf]cln;g ckm l;len ckf]lh;g kf6L{h\Ú c‰} nl8/x]sf] 5 . xftxltof/x¿ ljb|f]xLsf xftdf k'u]sf, lgbf]{if hgtfdfly jlif{Psf / ;'/IffsdL{lj?4 ;d]t k|of]u ePsfn] åGå ;dfwfgdf klg yk hl6ntf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .

b'O{ jif{cl3sf] zflGt ;D‰f}tfaf6 tLg bzs nfdf] u[xo'4 cGTo eP klg ;'/Iff lgsfon] xltof/ lkmtf{ lng ;s]sf] 5}g . Ps t sxfF ljt/0f eof] eGg] s'/fsf] plrt /]s8{ 5}g, csf]{lt/ ljtl/t xltof/x¿ klg n'l6Psf jf x:tfGt/0f ePsf 5g\ . xltof/ lkmtf{ gePsf sf/0f ToxfF r'gfj u/fpg ;d]t sl7gfO eO/x]sf] 5 .

Ujf6]dfnfdf …g]zgn l/ef]n';g/L o'lg6LÚ -o'cf/Pg;L_ sf ;z:q ljb|f]xLx¿nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ul/Psf] gful/s ;'/Iff kl/rfngsf] cg'ej c‰ a9L eofjxk"0f{ 5 . tTsfnLg /fi6«klt hg/n /f]ldof] n'sf; u|fl;ofn] ;g\ !(*! b]lv /fli6«o cleofgsf] ¿kdf b]ze/ …l;len l8km]G; Kof6«f]nÚ -kLP;L_ u7g u/]sf lyP . kLP;Ldf :j]lR5s etL{ ug]{ elgP klg Jojxf/df hf] egf{ x'g rfxFb}g p;nfO{ ljb|f]xL o'cf/Pg;Lsf] ;dy{s 7flgof] / u|fdL0f If]qx¿df hah{:tL egf{ ;d]t ul/of] . Ujf6]dfnfdf kLP;Ldfkm{t\ lx+;fdf plqPsf !) nfv dflg;x¿sf] sfd ufpFufpF, 6f]n6f]ndf uO{ ljb|f]xL / pgLx¿sf ;dy{s ePsf] czÍfdf ;j{;fwf/0f dflg;x¿nfO{ klqmg] / xTof ug]{ /Xof] . kl/0ffd:j?k Ujf6]dfnfdf o'4 cjlwdf ePsf #$@ j6f cfd g/;+xf/sf / !@ k|ltzt eGbf a9L dfgjclwsf/ xgg\sf 36gf kLP;L ;b:ox¿af6 ePsf] tYo Pdg]i6L OG6/Gofzgnn] k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 .

;g\ !((^ df o'cf/Pg;L ljb|f]xL / ;/sf/aLr zflGt ;D‰f}tf eP klg ufpFufpFdf km}lnPsf] cljZjf;, ljefhg, qf; / cftÍ ;D‰f}tf sfof{Gjogdf cj/f]w ag]sf 5g\ . ;D‰f}tfkl5 klg ;'/Iff ansf] cf8 kfPsf kLP;L ;b:ox¿ xTof, lx+;f, of}g ck/fw, hah{:tL cfly{s ;Íng h:tf c/fhs ultljlwdf ;lqmo 5g\ . lx+;fTds ultljlws} sf/0f /fHosf]ifaf6 ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] nflu ufpFdf cfPsf ;|f]t;fwgx¿ pgLx¿s} lgoGq0fdf uPsf] 5 . pgLx¿n] ;'/Iff lgsfosf e"k" kbflwsf/Lx¿;Fu ldnL c‰ ;Ël7t eP/ /fHosf]ifaf6 Ifltk"lt{sf] ;d]t dfu ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . o;s} nflu pgLx¿n] ;g\ @))@ df ljb]zL ko{6sx¿nfO{ ckx/0f u/L aGws agfP . ;/sf/n] afWo eP/ Ifltk"lt{ :j?k b'O{ s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ vr{ ul/;s]sf] 5, t/ klg pgLx¿sf] jfu]{lgª ;lsPsf] 5}g .

blIf0fL lkmlnlkG;sf] ldGbgfcf] If]qdf ;g\ !(!) b]lv e"ld;'wf/sf] gfddf d'l:nd ;d'bfosf cflbjf;L lkmlnlkgf]x¿sf] hUuf hkmt u/]/ n'hfg If]qsf lqmlZrog Jofkf/Lx¿nfO{ ljt/0f ug{ yflnPkl5 :yfgLo hgtfn] ;f] sbdsf] Jofks lj/f]w u/]sf lyP . Tolta]nf e"lddflysf] clwsf/nfO{ lnP/ z'? ePsf] of] åGånfO{ kl5 lkmlnlkgf] ;/sf/n] cd]l/sLx¿sf] ;xof]udf a]/f]huf/ o'jfx¿nfO{ Jofks ¿kdf xftxltof/ ljt/0f u/L b]zdf a9\b} uPsf sDo'lgi6x¿ bafpg] cj;/sf] ¿kdf k|of]u u¥of] . sDo'lgi6x¿nfO{ df/]afkt ;/sf/n] k'/:sf/ lbg] 3f]if0ff ;d]t u/]sf]n] pgLx¿n] 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] xTof u/] . lx+;f–xTofsf] >[ª\vnf d'lZnd–lqmlZrog bËfdf ;d]t kl/0ft eof], h;sf] kl/0ffd ca' ;}oj h:tf pu| k[ystfjfbL ;Ë7gx¿ hlGdP / wfld{s tyf k[ystfjfbL ljb|f]xsf] ;'?cft eof] . kl5 log} pu| ;Ë7gx¿n] ;/sf/åf/f afFl8Psf xltof/x¿ sAhfdf lnO{ ;/sf/s} lj?4 k|of]u u/] .

sflZd/, c;fd, dl0fk'/, lqk'/f, gfufn}08 nufotsf /fHox¿df nfdf] ;dob]lv eO/x]sf] ;z:q åGånfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ef/t ;/sf/n] klg gful/s ;'/Iff bn kl/rfng u/]sf] 5 . hDd'–sflZd/df k|x/Lsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmd cGtu{t ! ;]K6]Da/ !((( b]lv :k]zn k'ln; kmf];{ u7g u/L To;s} g]t[Tj / ;lqmotfdf @$*^ j6f ufpF ;'/Iff ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf 5g\ . gful/sx¿nfO{ :j]R5fk"j{s ;dfj]z ul/g] o:tf ;'/Iff ;ldltdf :k]zn k'ln; kmf];{sf tLg ;b:ox¿ /xg] Joj:yfn] ;ldltsf ultljlwx¿k|lt ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ g} lhDd]jf/ agfPsf]n] logLx¿ Tolt c/fhs x'g] u/]sf 5}gg\ / ufpF tyf 6f]ndf ;'/Iffsf] cg'e"lt lbg s]xL xb;Dd ;kmn klg 5g\ .

cf;fddf af]8f] lnj/]zg 6fOu;{ kmf];{, af]8f] ;]So'l/6L kmf];{, o'gfO6]8 lnj/]zg k|mG6 ckm cf;fd h:tf ;z:q ljb|f]xL ;d"xx¿n] dRrfPsf] xTof, lx+;f lgoGq0f ug]{ /0fgLltsf] ¿kdf ;g\ !((& hgj/Lb]lv …o'lgkmfO8 sdf08Ú / gful/s ;'/Iffsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ Jofks agfOPsf] 5 . gful/sx¿nfO{ tflnd lbO{ xftxltof/ ljt/0f ul/Psf] of] sfo{qmd ljb|f]xLnfO{ sdhf]/ kfg]{ /0fgLlts Kofs]hsf ?kdf cfPsf] 5, h;sf] Pp6f k|d'v kIf s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ nufgLdf z'? ePsf] cfTd;dk{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf kl/of]hgf xf] . o;cGtu{t ljb|f]xLx¿nfO{ cfTd;dk{0f u/fO{ ;;Ddfg k'g:yf{kgf ug]{, k"0f{ ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg] tyf pgLx¿aLr ljZjf; hufpg] k|of;x¿ ePsf 5g\ . ;fy}, ;/sf/n] ;Gt'lnt / b|"tt/ ljsf; u/L åGåsf cfwf/e"t sf/0fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ tyf adf{sf] ;xof]udf k|efjsf/L l;df ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug]{ k|of; klg u/]sf] 5 . log} sf/0fx¿n] cf;fdsf] gful/s ;'/Iff cjwf/0ff klg s]xL xb;Dd k|efjsf/L g} dflgG5 .
ef/tsf] gful/s ;'/Iff;DaGwL Joj:yf cËf]nf, Ujf6]dfnf / lkmlnlkG;sf] t'ngfdf k|efjsf/L dflgP klg o; qmddf 7fpF–7fpFdf dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3gsf 36gf eg] k|z:t} ePsf 5g\ .

gful/s ;'/Iff ;d"x u7g ePkZrft\ cToGt w]/} dfgjclwsf/sf] xgg\ ePsf ljj/0fx¿ Pdg]i6L OG6/Gofzgnsf] ;g\ !((* b]lv @))@ ;Ddsf k|ltj]bg / …Knf] ;]o/ k|f]h]S6Úsf] …cfd{ slGˆnS6 l/kf]6{ @))#Ú df pNn]v 5g\ .

;z:q åGå ePsf ljleGg b]zsf] cg'ejn] ;du|df åGå ;dfwfgdf …gful/s ;'/Iff ;d"xÚ sf] cjwf/0ff c;kmn g} l;4 u/]sf 5g\ . o;n] ;d:of ;dfwfgdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg'sf] ;§f yk hl6ntf Nofpg], ;dflhs ljv08g / dfgjclwsf/ xgg\sf 36gf a9fpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . s]xL xb;Dd xfd|f] b]zsf] cfˆg} cg'ejn] klg oxL b]vfpF5 . a]/f]huf/L / g}/fZotfaf6 u|l;t g]kfnL o'jfo'jtLsf xftdf dfcf]jfbLn] aGb's ydfOlbPkl5 s;/L pgLx¿n] cfˆg} kf6L{sf] dflyNnf] txsf] cfb]znfO{ ;d]t g6]/L xTof, lx+;f / n'6 dRrfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ eGg] 5n{Ë} 5 . dfcf]jfbL t sfg"g cfˆg} xftdf lnPsf] zlQm eof], aGb'ssf] pGdfbn] sfg"gsf] kfngf / gful/ssf] ;'/Iff ug]{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] cg'zfl;t ;]gfnfO{ klg s;/L cGwf] agfpF5 eGg] s'/f ;]gfn] ;fdfGo ;8s b'3{6gfdf uf8L rfnsnfO{ uf]nL xfg]/ df/]sf] 36gfn] b]vfpFb5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf s'g} P]gsfg"g / lgoGq0fsf] ;d'lrt Joj:yfljgf xfxltof/ lbP/ dfcf]jfbL;Fu n8\g k7fOg] gful/s ;'/Iff ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿n] s] s:tf] tf08a g[To dRrfpnfg\, ;lhn};Fu cg'dfg nufpg ;lsg] ljifo xf] .

ljutdf dfcf]jfbL åGå ;dfwfgsf] gfpFdf ;/sf/n] w]/} unt sfdx¿ ul/;s]sf] 5 . kmntM rf/ lhNnfaf6 z'? ePsf] åGå …lsnf] z]/f–6'Ú / …s8{g P08 ;r{Ú h:tf k|x/L sf/jfxLkl5 @% lhNnfdf km}lnof] . ;Í6sfn nfu" ePkl5 t k"/} b]zJofkL g} eof] . ca slyt gful/s ;'/Iff ;ldltsf] gfpFdf ul/g] csf]{ unt sf/jfxLn] ;dfhdf cl:y/tf, c;'/Iff, l/;, å]if, abnf, c/fhstf, lx+;f / ck/fw a9fP/ åGånfO{ c? nDAofpg] tyf o;sf] ;dfwfgdf cj/f]w l;h{gf ug]{ sfd ug]{5 . o;n] ;/sf/n] xfn} k|fyldstf;fy p7fPsf] lgjf{rg -sy+sbflrt eof] eg]_ df klg afwf k'¥ofpF5, lsgeg] xltof/wf/L gful/s ;d"xnfO{ ljleGg zlQm s]Gb|x¿n] cfˆgf] lgxLt :jfy{sf] nflu k|of]u ug]{5g\ .

log} sf/0fn] xf]nf, >L % sf] ;/sf/n] g]kfndf z'? ug{ nfu]sf] gful/s ;'/Iff ;ldltsf] cjwf/0ffsf] åGå ;dfwfg / dfgjclwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t k|ltli7t cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx¿n] lj/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . Pdg]i6L OG6/Gofzgnn] t !# gf]e]Da/ @))# df k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lj/f]w kq g} k7fof], h;df n]lvPsf] 5M "Without appropriate supervision, training and clearly defined mechanisms for accountability, there is a clear risk that the creation of these groups could lead to an increase in human rights violations carried out with impunity. Those refusing to join are likely to be seen as tacitly supporting the armed opposition... ." -pko'Qm ko{j]If0f, k|lzIf0f tyf hjfkmb]lxtfsf] :ki6 kl/eflift ;+oGqsf] cefjdf o:tf gful/s ;'/Iff ;d"xsf] u7gn] b08xLg dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf 36gf ‰g\ a9fpg ;S5 . tL ;d"xdf ;dfj]z x'g grfxg]x¿nfO{ ;z:q ljb|f]xsf ;dy{ssf] ¿kdf lnOg] ;Defjgf /xG5=== ._
-n]vs åGå Joj:yfkg lj1 x'g\ ._