wfgsf] efp;Fu} 36\bf] ls;fgsf] hLjg:t/

kfFr jif{b]lv wfgsf] efp 36]sf] 36\o} 5 . nfut klg gp7\g] u/L c¿n] tf]s]sf] efpdf wfg a]Rg ljjz ls;fgx¿ a9L pTkfbg u/]/ klg ‰g\‰g\ ljkGg x'Fb}5g\ .

t'n;L uf}td

o;/L lelqG5 g]kfndf ef/tLo wfg .

t/fO{sf clwsf+z ls;fgsf] hLljsf / gub cfDbfgLsf] cfwf/ clxn] klg wfg g} xf] . dª\l;/df sf6]sf] wfg a]r]/ g} ;a} C0f ltg]{ / jif{el/sf] hf]xf] ug]{ pgLx¿sf] cf; x'G5 . ;dodf /f]Kg gkfpFbf, wfg 9Nbf / /f]uJofwLn] ;tfpFbf k|fs[lts sf/0f ;D‰L lrQ a'‰fpg] ls;fgx¿ otf cfP/ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf wfgsf] d"No x|f;sf] df/df kg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . wfgsf] vlnxfg / esf/Llt/ x]b}{ jif{el/sf] of]hgf agfO/x]sf ls;fgnfO{ Jofkf/L / vfB ;+:yfgn] wfg v/Lb gu/]sf], dfcf]jfbLn] wfg n'6]sf] / ef/tLo wfgsf] cf]O/f] nfu]sf] sf/0f wfgsf] efp 36]sf] eGg] h:tf ;dfrf/n] ddf{xt kfg]{ u/]sf] 5 .

g]kfndf v]tLof]Uo s/La $) nfv x]S6/ hldgdWo] $) k|ltzt e"efudf wfg / afFsLdf ds}, ux'F, gub]jfnL, kmnkm"n, t/sf/L nufpg] ul/G5 . wfg nufOg] s'n If]qkmndWo] &@ k|ltzt t/fO{, @$ k|ltzt dWokxf8L / afFsL $ k|ltzt e"efu lxdfnL e]udf k5{ . s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfnosf] tYofÍ cg';f/, cfly{s jif{ @)%(÷^) df s/La !% nfv $$ xhf/ x]S6/ hldgdf wfg v]tL ul/Psf] / To;af6 $! nfv #@ xhf/ d]l6«s 6g wfg pTkfbg ePsf] lyof] .

cg's"n df};d / If]qkmn j[l4sf sf/0f ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf of] jif{ -@)^)_ &=* k|ltztn] wfgsf] pTkfbg a9\g] cg'dfg s[lif dGqfnon] u/]sf] 5 . o; lx;fan] rfn' cf=j=df ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf # nfv @# xhf/ 6g a9L wfg pTkfbg eO{ $$ nfv %% xhf/ 6g k'Ug]5 . :ki6 5, wfgsf] of] pTkfbgdf 7"nf] of]ubfg g]kfnsf] s'n wfgv]tLsf] tLg rf}yfO e"efu cf]u6\g] t/fO{s} 5 . t/ v'nf l;dfgf eP/ l5d]sL d'n'saf6 clgolGqt kl/df0fdf cfpg] ;:tf] wfg, dfcf]jfbLn] n'6\g] 8/ / ;/sf/ cyjf vfB ;+:yfgsf] wfg v/Lb gug]{ lg0f{osf sf/0f oxfFsf ls;fgn] ;:tf] eGbf ;:tf] efpdf wfg a]Rg' kl//x]sf] 5 . ptf wfg / c¿ vfBfGg ;d]t w]/} sd pTkfbg x'g] b'u{d If]qsf hgtfn] ef]sd/Lsf] ;fdgf ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 .

cfheGbf b'O{ bzscl3;Dd () k|ltzteGbf a9L g]kfnLsf] cfDbfgL / /f]huf/Lsf] d'Vo ;|f]t /x]sf] s[lif If]q xfn cfP/ s/La ^^ k|ltzt hgtfsf] dfq hLljsfsf] cfwf/ /xg uPsf] 5 . s[lif k]zfdf ;+nUg hg;ª\Vofsf] af]‰ 36\b} hfg'n] ;sf/fTds ;Í]t b]vfP klg s[lif dhb'/x¿ u}/ s[lif If]qdf hfFbf v]tL ug]{ dhb'/sf] sdL x'g yfn]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ ;dodf v]tLkftL ug{ lgs} cK7]/f] k/]sf] s[ifsx¿ atfpF5g\ . a9\bf] Hofnf, dxËf] dn aLp / tL ;asf] nflu lnOg] C0fn] pTkfbg nfut jif]{gL a9\b} hfg] u/]sf] 5 . t/ cGo ljsNksf] cefjdf wfg g} pTkfbg ul//x]sf ls;fgx¿n] c¿ pBf]uhGo pTkfbgsf] h:tf] cfˆgf] pTkfbgsf] d"No cfkm}F tf]Sg kfpFb}gg\Ù pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] pTkfbg c¿n] tf]s]sf] d"Nodf laqmL ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 . o;} sf/0f s[lif pTkfbg a9\b} uP klg ls;fgx¿n] To;sf] nfe kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

v'nf ;Ldfsf sf/0f l5d]sL d'n'saf6 ;:tf] wfg / rfdn lelqgfn] oxfFsf] wfgsf] efp lgs} k|efljt x'g] u/]sf] 5 . oxL sflQs–dª\l;/df ef/tsf ;LdfjtL{ zx/ gf}tgjf -pQ/ k|b]z_ / kmf/lj;u~h -laxf/_ sf] :ynut cWoog ubf{ v'nf ahf/df df]6f] wfgsf] efp ef=?= #@% b]lv #&% k|lt SjLG6ndf laqmL ePsf] kfOof] . vf;u/L sflQsdf ef=?= #&% /x]sf] wfgsf] efp d+l;/df ef=?= #%) x'Fb} #@% df ‰/]sf] lyof] . h;sf] d"No g]kfnL ?k}ofFdf ?=%^) b]lv ?=%@) ;Dd x'g cfpF5 . 7Ls To;}a]nf lj/f6gu/sf ldnx¿df ls;fgn] a]Rg] d"No ?=@@% k|lt dg, cyf{t\ ?=%^@ k|lt SjLG6n lyof] . :ki6 5, ef/tLo wfgsf] efpsf] k|ToIf c;/ g]kfnL wfgsf] efpdf klg b]vf kl//x]sf] 5 .

g]kfndf eGbf ef/tdf wfgsf] efp sd x'g'sf] d'Vo sf/0f ToxfF pTkfbg nfut sd x'g' xf] . ef/tLo s[ifsn] pGgt aLp, dn, l;+rfO{df ;/sf/L cg'bfg / ;'ljwf kfPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿ 6«ØfS6/ / d]lzgsf] k|of]u a9L u5{g\ . h;n] ubf{ pTkfbsTj a9\g] / nfut vr{ 36\g] x'gfn] ;:tf]df laqmL ug{ ;S5g\ . ;Ldfgfsf b'j} If]qdf afnL s6fgL kl5 nuQ} sfFrf] wfg a]Rg] / b'O{ tLg dlxgfkl5 km]l/ lsg]/ vfg] >]0fLsf u/La ls;fgx¿ g} w]/} ePsf sf/0f tTsfnsf] uhf]{ 6fg{ wfg a]Rg] oL ls;fgx¿ pTkfbg nfutsf] lx;fan] efp kfP–gkfPsf] x]g]{ g} ub}{gg\ .

g]kfnsf] v'Nnf ahf/df wfgsf] efp lg/Gt/ 36\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . wfgsf] efp 36\g' eg]sf] ls;fgsf] cfDbfgL 36\g' g} xf] . ljut kfFr jif{df t/fO{df df]6f] wfgsf] yf]s d"No s;/L 36\b} uPsf] 5 eGg] tYonfO{ ;Fu}sf] tflnsfn] :ki6 kf5{ .

kfFr–5 jif{cl3;Dd g]kfnL s[ifsx¿nfO{ plrt d"No lbnfpg ;/sf/n] pTkfbg nfut / ;LdfjtL{ If]qsf] d"NonfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ wfgsf] Go"gtd ;dy{g d"No tf]Sg] u/]sf] lyof] . o; qmddf cf=j= @)%@÷)%# df df]6f] wfgsf] ;dy{g d"No k|lt SjLG6n ?=^@) tf]lsPsf] lyof] eg] @)%#÷)%$ df ?=^%) . t/ cf=j= @)%$÷)%% b]lv v'nf cfly{s gLltsf] sf/0f hgfO{ Go"gtd ;dy{g d"No tf]Sg 5fl8of] . of] jif{ g]kfn vfB ;+:yfgn] afFs], s}nfnL / s~rgk'/ lhNnfx¿df k|lt SjLG6n df]6f] wfgsf] v/Lb d"No ?=^*) b]lv ?=^() tf]s]/ ls;fgx¿nfO{ s]xL cf;f t b]vfPsf] 5 . t/ oL lhNnfx¿afx]s cGo lhNnfx¿af6 vfB ;+:yfgn] zflGt;'/Iffsf] sf/0f wfg v/Lb gug]{ lg0f{on] ax';ª\Vos ls;fgx¿sf] cf;fdfly t'iff/fkft ePsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ 7"nf wfg Jofkf/Lx¿n] v'nf l;dfgf, ef/tLo wfg / ;'/Iffsf] sf/0f b]vfO{ wfg v/Lb gug]{ / u/]df klg Hofb} sd d"No lbg] u/]sfn] ls;fgx¿ ljnvaGbdf k/]sf 5g\ .

ef/t klg g]kfn h:t} v'nf cy{tGqdf cfwfl/t d'n's xf] . pm ljZj Jofkf/ ;Ë7gsf] ;b:o klg 5 . t}klg p;n] cfˆgf ls;fgx¿nfO{ d"No cg'bfg nufotsf y'k|} ;]jf ;'ljwf lbFb} cfPsf] 5 / ls;fgnfO{ plrt d"No lbnfpg wfgsf] Go"gtd ;dy{g d"No tf]Sg] u/]sf] 5 . ef/tn] ut jif{ df]6f] wfgsf] ;dy{g d"No k|lt SjLG6n ef=?= %#) / /fxt /sd ?=@) u/L ef=?= %%) sfod u/]sf] lyof] eg] o; jif{ df]6f] wfgsf] ef=?= %%) / …u|]8 PÚ wfgsf] ef=?= %*) tf]s]sf] 5, h'g g]kfnL ?k}ofFdf qmdzM ?=**) / ?=(@* k|lt SjLG6n x'G5 . ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] Go"gtd ;dy{g d"Nodf wfg v/Lb ug]{ ef/tLo ;+:yfx¿sf] ;~hfn klg 7"n} 5– ef/tLo vfB lgud, lhNnf d]lhi6]«6 cGtu{tsf] xf6 zfvf, pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3, o'kL :6]6 Pu|f] cflb . ef/tn] of] jif{ wfg v/Lb ug]{ ;do gf]e]Da/b]lv hgj/L;Dd tf]s]sf] 5 .

ls;fgx¿af6 kl/df0ffTds aGb]h nufO{ pgLx¿sf] hUufsf] cfwf/df lglZrt kl/df0f v/Lb ug]{ k|lqmof ;d]t ckgfpg] u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 ef/tLo ls;fgx¿n] w]/} ;'ljwf kfPsf 5g\ . g]kfndf vfB ;+:yfgn] (& xhf/ ^@) d]l6«s 6g Ifdtfsf] cfˆgf] e08f/0f ;'ljwfsf] k"0f{ pkof]u u/] klg ls;fgsf] lxtdf s]xL ;sf/fTds k|efj b]lvg ;SbYof] . ;+:yfut vl/b d"Nosf] sf/0f hgtfn] Jofkf/L;Fu klg df]ntf]n ug{ ;Sby] .

wfg ls;fgn] cfˆgf] pkhsf] k/n df]n klg gkfpg] ;d:of cfhsf] dfq geP/ ef]lnsf] klg xf] . To;}n] ;/sf/n] lglZrt gLlt Pj+ k|lqmofx¿ to u/L ;+:yfut Joj:yfsf ;fy} lghL If]qsf] e08f/0f Ifdtfsf] klg pkof]u ug]{af/] ljrf/ ug'{ h?/L b]lvG5 . ;fy}, l5d]sL d'n'sn] Knf06 Sjf/]lG6gsf gfddf g]kfnL s[lif pTkfbgsf] lgof{tnfO{ hl6n / sltko cj:yfdf c;Dej ;d]t t'Nofpg] u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ls;fgsf] lxt /Iff ug{ g]kfnn] klg KnfG6 Sjf/]lG6gdfkm{t\ To:t} pkfox¿ cjnDag u/L sd;]sd wfgh:tf] g]kfnnfO{ geP klg x'g] ef/tLo s[lif pkhsf] k|j]znfO{ lg?T;flxt ug]{lt/ lsg g;f]Rg] < h;af6 clgolGqt ¿kdf cf];f/k;f/ ug]{ l5d]sL d'n'ssf Jofkf/Ln] g} pgLx¿sf ;d:of cfˆgf] ;/sf/ ;fd' k'¥ofpg\ / eljiodf b'j} b]zn] Pscsf{sf gful/sk|lt ;dfg Jojxf/ ug]{ jftf{sf] 9f]sf v'nf];\ .

ef/taf6 g]kfndf cgfh lelqFbf lglZrt ;]jf z'Ns nfUg] Joj:yf eP klg cj}w sf/f]af/sf] ljuljuLn] ubf{ To:tf lgodx¿ ;a} ylGsPsf 5g\ . xfn} ljZj a}+sn] u/]sf] Ps cWoogn] klg b'O{ d'n'saLr jflif{s ?=#) ca{sf] cj}w sf/f]af/ x'g] u/]sf] s'/f k|sfzdf NofPsf] 5 . o:tf sdhf]/Lx¿df ;'wf/ geP;Dd g]kfnL s[lif pBdLx¿n] plrt d"No kfpg ;Sb}gg\ . ls;fgnfO{ p;sf] >d / nfut cg'?ksf] k|ltkmn lbnfpg] Joj:yf gu/L pTkfbgdf dfq} hf]8 lbP/ g]kfnL ls;fgsf] hLjg:t/ / g]kfnsf] s[lif If]qnfO{ dfly p7fpg c;Dej g} x'g]5 . -n]vs s[lif ahf/ lj1 x'g\ ._