g]kfnL uNkm

hf8f] ofdsf] cfudg;Fu} z'? x'G5, g]kfnsf] uNkm l;hg . sfN;ju{{ g]kfn kLhLP / To;kl5 x'g] ;"o{ g]kfn dfi6;{n] qmdzM sf7df8f}F–uf}zfnfl:yt /f]on g]kfn uNkm sf];{ / uf]s0f{ km/]i6 uNkm l/;f]6{df uNkm v]nf8L / zf}lvgsf] eL8 a9fpF5g\ .

d's'n x'dfufOF

c;f]hsf] clGtd ;ftfdf ;DkGg sfN;{ju{ g]kfn kLhLP RoflDkog;Lk, sflQssf] clGtd ;ftfdf ;DkGg ;"o{ g]kfn j]i6g{ cf]kg / dª\l;/sf] klxnf] ;ftf ;DkGg ;"o{ g]kfn dfi6;{ g]kfndf cfof]hgf x'g] 7"nf / dxŒjk"0f{ uNkm k|ltof]lutf x'g\ . cl3Nnf b'O{ k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnL v]nf8Lx¿sf] dfq ;xeflutf /xG5 eg] ;"o{ g]kfn dfi6;{df ;fs{ If]qsf uNkm v]nf8Lx¿aLr k|lt:kwf{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

Jofj;flostfsf] Ps bzs
g]]kfndf Jofj;flos uNkm v]Ng yflnPsf] Ps bzs otf dfq xf] . ;"o{ g]kfn k|flnn] bz jif{cl3 -;g\ !((# df_ ;"o{ g]kfn cf]kg k|ltof]lutf k|f/De u/]/ g]kfndf k|lt:kwf{Tds uNkmsf] ;'?cft u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfndf Jofj;flos uNkmnfO{ :yflkt u/fpg of] k|ltof]lutfsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /Xof] . of] k|ltof]lutfn] g]kfnL uNkm If]qnfO{ nufPsf] pNn]Vo u'0f xf], Jofj;flos g]kfnL uNkm v]nf8Lx¿sf] pTkfbg . ;g\ !((# df klxnf] Jofj;flos k|ltof]lutf xF'bf g]kfnL v]nf8Lsf ¿kdf bLks yfkfsf] dfq ;xeflutf lyof] . ;g\ @))# sf] ;"o{ g]kfn dfi6;{df !# hgf g]kfnL Jofj;flos v]nf8Lx¿n] k|lt:kwf{ u/] .

;"o{ uNkm g]kfnL / ef/tLo v]nf8Lx¿sf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ k|ltof]lutfsf ¿kdf :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . ef/tsf] k|f]km];gn uNkm;{ Pzf]l;ozg ckm Ol08of -kLhLPcfO{_ n] jif]{lg cfof]hgf ug]{ @$ k|ltof]lutfdWo]sf] Ps ;"o{ g]kfn dfi6;{, g]kfn tyf ef/tsf Jofj;flos v]nf8Lx¿sf nflu lx/f] xf]08f Ol08og uNkm6'/;Dd k'Ug] dxŒjk"0f{ v'8\lsnf] xf] . To;}n] ;"o{ g]kfn dfi6;{df ef/tsf Jofj;flos uNkm v]nf8Lx¿sf] a[xt\ ;xeflutf /xg] u/]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}F–uf]s0f{df xfn} ;DkGg k|ltof]lutfdf klg ef/tsf s/La &) uNkm v]nf8Lx¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] . pQd l;+x d'08L -ljh]tf, @))@_, d's]zs'df/, uf}/j 3O{, lkm/f]h cnL -ljh]tf, @))!_ / /f]xtf; l;+x -ljh]tf, !(((_ h:tf rlr{t ef/tLo uNkm v]nf8Lx¿sf] pkl:ylt /Xof], o; k6s . ef/tsf v]nf8Lx¿ ;"o{ g]kfn dfi6;{nfO{ lgs} dxŒj;fy x]5{g\ . pQd l;+x d'08L eG5g\, æ;"o{ g]kfn dfi6;{ k|ltof]lutfn] d]/f] x[bodf ljz]if 7fpF cf]u6]sf] 5 .Æ

ef/tLo v]nf8Lsf] k|e'Tj
Ps bzs otf jif]{lg cfof]hgf x'Fb} cfPsf] ;"o{ uNkmdf ;w}F b]lvg] Pp6f kIf xf], ef/tLo v]nf8Lx¿sf] babaf . ;a} k|ltof]lutfsf pkflw ef/tLo uNkm v]nf8Lx¿n] g} lht]sf 5g\\ . Jofj;flos uNkmdf xfn;Dd s'g} g]kfnL v]nf8Ln] pkflw lhTg;s]sf] 5}g . ;g\ !((^ sf] ;"o{ g]kfn cf]kgdf bLks yfkf du/ bf];|f] :yfgdf cfpg' g} xfn;Dd g]kfnL v]nf8Ln] u/]sf] ;jf]{Qd k|bz{g xf] .

…;"o{ g]kfn dfi6;{ @))#Ú sf] glthf cl3Nnf gf} k|ltof]lutfs} k'g/fj[lQ lyof] . pkflw ef/tsf lblUjho l;+xn] lht] eg]] g]kfnL uNkm/ bzf}F :yfgdf dfq cfpg;s] . k|ltof]lutfsf] klxnf] lbg k"j{ ljh]tf pQd l;+x d'08Ln] cu|tf lnPsf lyP . bf];|f] lbgsf] v]n ;lsFbf /lkms cnL cu|:yfgdf /xg k'u] . t/ clGtd lbg afhL df/] d]/7, ef/tsf lblUjho l;+xn] . l;+xn] ?= @=%( nfvsf] k'/:sf/;Fu} lx/f]xf]08f Ol08og uNkm 6'/df b'O{ jif{sf nflu cfˆgf] :yfg ;'lglZrt u/] .

;"o{ dfi6;{df bLks cfrfo{., bLks yfkf du/, /d]z gu/sf]6L / kz'klt zdf{n] g]kfnsf] r'gf}tL k]z ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] lyof] . ds{G6fOn cf]kg, sfN;ju{ PgkLhLP / ;"o{ j]i6g{ cf]kgdf oL v]nf8Lx¿sf] /fd|f] k|bz{gsf sf/0f pgLx¿af6 :t/Lo v]nsf] cfzf lyof] . cfrfo{n] ds{G6fOn cf]kgdf lht]sf lyP eg] sfN;ju{ g]kfn kLhLP @))# df pkflw gu/sf]6Ln] xft kf/]sf lyP . ;"o{ g]kfn j]i6g{ cf]kg @))# sf ljh]tf bLks yfkf du/af6 klg To:t} ck]Iff ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ oL v]nf8Lx¿n] 3/]n' k|ltof]lutfdf h:tf] k|bz{g ;"o{ dfi6;{df bf]xf]¥ofpg ;s]gg\ . cfrfo{ bzf}F :yfgdf /x] eg] gu/sf]6L ;f]xf}F :yfgdf . klxnf] lbg 5}6f}F :yfgdf /x]sf bLks cfrfo{ clGtd lbg;Dddf bzf}F :yfgdf ‰/]sf lyP .

cGt/f{li6«o k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnL v]nf8Lx¿sf] sdhf]/ k|bz{g /xg'df g]kfndf k|lt:kwf{Tds uNkmsf] cfof]hgf w]/} gx'g' g} d'Vo sf/0f xf] . ;"o{ dfi6;{df g]kfnL v]nf8Lx¿sf] k|bz{gaf/] jl/i7 uNkm v]nf8L 3gZofd yfkf eG5g\, æwGg oltsf] k|bz{g x'g;Sof] . o;cl3 nuftf/ ePsf tLg 3/]n' k|ltof]lutfsf sf/0f g]kfnL v]nf8Ln] s]xL /fd|f] ug{ ;s] .Æ csf]{ sf/0f xf], g]kfnL v]nf8Lx¿sf] cGt/f{li6«o uNkm k|ltof]lutfdf Go"g ;xeflutf . yfkfsf] d"NofÍg 5, æef/t uP/ k|f]km];gn uNkm v]Nbf Ps k6sdf ?=$) xhf/ vr{ x'G5 . ;a} k|ltof]lutf Ps} ;do / 7fpFdf gx'g] x'gfn] g]kfnL v]nf8L Totf uP/ v]Ng} ;Sb}gg\ .Æ

kl/jt{gsf] ;Í]t
bz jif{df g]kfnL uNkmdf w]/} kl/jt{g b]lvPsf 5g\ . cfd g]kfnLsf] kx'Fraf6 c‰} 6f9} eP klg jif]{lg k|ltof]lutfx¿ a9\b} uPsf 5g\ clg o; v]ndf ;+:yfut k|fof]hg klg h'6\g yfn]sf] 5 . oxL jif{ sf7df8f}Fdf gofF uNkm k|ltof]lutf z'? eof], ds{G6fOn Snfl;s uNkm . ds{G6fOn sDo'lgs];g k|f=lnn] k|fof]hg u/]sf] of] k|ltof]lutf uf]s0f{ km/]i6 uNkm l/;f]6{df !*–@! sflQsdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;"o{ g]kfn dfi6;{eGbf s]xLcl3 cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ?=%) xhf/ k'/:sf/ /fzLsf] of] k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnsf Jofj;flos v]nf8Lx¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

Ps bzs cl3;Dd g]kfndf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] uNkm d}bfg uf}zfnfl:yt /f]on g]kfn uNkm sf];{ dfq lyof] . clxn] g]kfndf sf7df8f}Fsf uf]s0f{ km/]i6 uNkm l/;f]6{ / /f]on g]kfn uNkm sf];{, kf]v/fsf] lxdfnog uNkm sf];{ nufot cf7 j6f uNkm d}bfg 5g\ . s/La !) dlxgfcl3 gjnk/f;Ll:yt rf}w/L ;d"xsf] uËfb]jL rf}w/L pBf]u u|fddf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ( xf]nsf] uNkm sf];{ g]kfnsf] kl5Nnf] uNkm d}bfg xf] .

g]kfnsf ljleGg :yfgdf uNkm sf];{sf] :yfkgfn] uNkmnfO{ g]kfnL df‰ nf]slk|o agfpg] / uNkm v]nf8L pTkfbg ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . kf]v/fsf] lxdfnog uNkm sf];{n] ‰08} Ps bh{g v]nf8L tof/ kf/]sf] 5 . e'jg u'?ª, 1fgsfhL u'?ª, a'l4dfg b'/f, /fh' e§/fO{, an/fd yfkf, cho clwsf/L, /fh]Gb| uf}rg h:tf kf]v/]nL uNkm v]nf8L o;s} pTkfbg x'g\ .

rf/ jif{cl3 e"tk"j{ a]nfotL ;}lgs d]h/ /fdaxfb'/ u'?ªn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] ;ft ;o /f]kgLdf lj:tfl/t of] sf];{ k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{n] k"0f{ 5 . kf]v/fsf] e'agf]6 cg'?k g} o; sf];{sf xf]nx¿sf] gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] 5 . jfl/kfl/ ljhok'/ vf]nfn] 3]l/Psf] aLrsf] efunfO{ cfONof08 gfds/0f ul/Psf] 5 . cGo xf]nx¿sf gfd /flvPsf] 5, afNsf]gL, Nofk;]n, 6]anxf]n, k08xf]n . s]xL ;do otf of] sf];{df dfl;s ¿kdf uNkm k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf x'g yfn]sf] 5 . kf]v/fsf] kfs{ Pg ;kn] o;nfO{ ;~rfng ug]{ u5{ .

olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg Jofj;flos uNkmdf eg] g]kfn c‰} lgs} k5fl8 5 . g]kfnsf] Jofj;flos uNkm klxnf hxfF lyof], clxn] klg ToxLF g} 5 . Jofj;flos uNkm k|ltof]lutfx¿sf] ;ª\Vof cfwf bh{g klg k'u]sf] 5}g . sf7df8f}Fsf uNkm sf];{df Jofj;flos eGbf a9L PdfRof]/ k|ltof]lutfx¿ x'G5g\ . Pslbg], b'O{lbg] PdfRof]/ k|ltof]lutfdf a9L k|fof]hs /x]sf] t/ Jofj;flos k|ltof]lutfdf Jofkfl/s sDkgLsf] k|fof]hg sd x'Fb} uPsf] cg'ej 3gZofd yfkfsf] 5 . ;"o{ dfi6;{ h:tf yk b'O{, tLg j6f k|ltof]lutfx¿sf] cfjZostf /x]sf] hgfpFb} csf{ uNkm v]nf8L /fw]Zofd yfkf eG5g\, æhlt a9L o:tf k|ltof]lutf x'G5g\, Tolt g} g]kfnL v]nf8Lx¿n] klg cfkm"nfO{ ;'wfg]{ df}sf kfpF5g\ .Æ

g]kfnL uNkmsf] :t/ ;'wfg{ g]kfns} k'/fgf] /f]on g]kfn uNkm sf];{n] tLgjif]{ …uNkm ljsf; of]hgfÚ cl3;f/]sf] 5 . ?=$) nfv vr{ ul/g] of] of]hgfcGtu{t uNkm l;Sg] / v]Ng] gofF tyf Jofj;flos v]nf8Lx¿nfO{ tflnd lbOg]5 . ;g\ @))% ;Dd k|To]s jif{ tLgk6s rf}wlbg] tflnd lbOg] /f]on g]kfn uNkm sf];{n] hgfPsf] 5 .

;fydf kf]v/faf6 /d]z kf}8]n