| åGå
/ cf};t pd]/sf] ;DaGw
rLgdf qmflGt x'Fbf
ToxfFsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] cf};t pd]/ !( jif{ lyof] . g]kfndf
clxn] To:tf] pd]/ @)=! jif{ x'g cfpF5 . cyf{t\ g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vofsf]
jt{dfg agfj6 :jfefjtM åGå tkm{ ‰'sfj /fVg] vfnsf]
5 .
w|'as'df/
s]xL jif{b]lv g]kfn lx+;fTds / clx+;fTds
b'j} lsl;dsf åGåsf] rk]6fdf 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] lx+;fTds
åGåsf sf/0f hl6n ePsf] b]zsf] ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts cj:yf
$ cflZjg. @)%( sf] zfxL sbdkl5 yk cGof}nk"0f{ ePsf] 5 .
åGå cWoogsf b[li6n] g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] cj:yf / cg'ej
Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ ljifo aGg ;S5 . g]kfnsf] jt{dfg åGånfO{
a'´g] / ;f]af6 5'6sf/f kfpg] pkfosf ¿kdf ljleGg ljZn]if0fx¿
k|sfzdf cfO;s]sf 5g\ . t/, s;/L / s]af6 g]kfndf åGå
/ lx+;f pTkGg eof] eGg] cfd lh1f;f eg] c‰} cg'Ql/t 5 .
åGåsf sf/0f / k|j[lQx¿ s] x'g\ < k/:k/
ldn]/ a;]sf zflGtk|]dL hgtf cflv/ lsg Pscsf{lj?4 plqP <
b]z–ljb]zsf åGå ljz]if1x¿n] oL k|Zgx¿sf]
;Gtf]ifhgs hjfkm km]nf kfg{ g]kfnnfO{ Pp6f gd"gf :ynsf] ¿kdf
pkof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnh:tf t];|f] ljZjsf d'n'sx¿df
ePsf cWoogx¿n] o:tf] åGåsf sf/0fsf] ¿kdf
/fHosf ;fwg;|f]tdf cNk;ª\Vos clehfTo ju{sf] lgoGq0f /xg' /
ax';ª\Vos hgtfnfO{ To;af6 cnu ul/g'nfO{ dfg]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLx¿n] …cw{–;fdGtLÚ
/ …cw{–cf}klgj]lzsÚ kl/kf6Laf6 d'lQmsf] gf/f
lbP/ cfˆgf] ;z:q ljb|f]xsf] cf}lrTo k|dfl0ft ug]{ k|of; u/]sf
5g\ . cfˆgf] ljb|f]xnfO{ cy{–/fhgLlts cjwf/0ffaf6
;Daf]wg u/]/ dfcf]jfbLx¿n] ;z:q d'7e]8sf] sf/ssf ¿kdf
ljBdfg ;fdflhs cfly{s lje]bx¿nfO{ g} cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbL ;d:of cWoog ug{ u7g ul/Psf wfdL cfof]u -@)%#–%$_
/ b]pjf cfof]u -@)%&–%*_ n] klg u/LaL, cefj tyf Jofks
;fdflhs e]befjnfO{ g} åGåsf] ;xL sf/ssf] ¿kdf
cf}FNofPsf 5g\ . To:t}, s]xL ljz]if1x¿n] g]kfnnfO{ …lxGb"
clw/fHoÚ 3f]if0ff u/L Pp6f wd{sf] k|e'Tj ePsf] /fHodf kl/0ft
ug{ vf]lhg'nfO{ åGåsf] oyfy{ sf/s dfg]sf 5g\ .
Pp6f ax'hftLo / ax'wfld{s ;dfhdf To:tf] ;f]Rg' c:jfefljs klg xf]Og .
tyflk, c¿ s]xLsf] wf/0ffcg';f/ rflxF g]kfnsf] jt{dfg åGå
k|hftGqLs/0fsf] qmddf ;Qflwsf/Lx¿aLrsf] cfGtl/s å]ifsf
sf/0f a9]sf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tf, /fHo ;~rfngdf k|blz{t ePsf] c;Ifd,
e|i6gLlt Pj+ Jojxf/ / hgtfsf a9\bf cfsfª\Iff k"/f ug{
;Ifd zlQmsf] cefjsf sf/0f l;lh{t l/Qmtfsf] kl/0ffd xf] .
åGåsf vf; sf/0fx¿
a'´g o;cl3 ePsf o:tf / cGo k|of;x¿sf] cg'ej / 1fgn]
d2t k'¥ofpg ;S5g\ . o:t} kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf u/]sf c¿
d'n'sx¿sf] cg'ej / kf7sf] cGw cg';/0f gul/sg klg w]/} s'/fx¿
l;Sg ;lsG5 . t/ dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x / lx+;fTds åGåsf]
;fdflhs :j?knfO{ dfq åGåsf] cfwf/ agfP/ JofVof ul/of]
eg] rflxF w]/} k|Zgx¿ p7\g ;S5g\– of] åGå
lsg clxNo} eof] / klxn] ePg < s] ;fdflhs cJoj:yf tfgfzfxL
Joj:yfsf] geP/ k|hftGqsf] pkh lyof] < s] k|hftGq eg]sf]
ljdlt /fVg]x¿k|lt c;xgzLn x'g] Joj:yf xf] <
lx+;fTds åGåsf] ljZn]if0f
ug]{ qmddf g]kfndf eO/x]sf] ts{–ljts{n] kl/l:yltnfO{ a'´g
;lhnf] kfg]{ eGbf a9L e|d / cGof}n l;h{gf ug]{ sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] jt{dfg lx+;fnfO{ ;fdflhs, wfld{s, cfly{s, /fhgLlts / ;Qfsf]
e]befjsf] pkh dfGg] xf] eg] o;n] x/]s If]qdf åGå /x]sf]
;Í]t ub{5 . o;af6 u/LaL / zf]if0f b'j} Jofks ePsf] of]
d'n'sdf htftt} åGåsf] af?bL hfnf] la5\ofOPsf] 5 eGg]
lgisif{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 . t/ s] jf:tljstf o:t} xf] t <
g]kfnsf] lx+;fTds åGånfO{ a'´g cfd ¿kdf
ul/g] o:tf] ljZn]if0f kSs} klg l:yltsf] cfsng ug]{ Pp6f af6f] dfq
xf] . u/LaL / pTkL8g /fli6«o ;+:sf/s} ¿kdf ljsl;t
ePsf] b]zdf u/LaLnfO{ g} åGåsf] sf/stTjsf] ¿kdf
JofVof ug'{ ;xh t x'G5, t/ To;sf] 7f]; cfwf/ eg] x'Fb}g .
of] k[i7e"lddfÙ g]kfnsf]
ljBdfg lx+;f / åGånfO{ s]xL a]Un} vfnsf] b[li6sf]0faf6
x]g'{ / a'´g' h?/L ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf, clxn]sf]
lx+;f / åGånfO{ g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] agfj6 -;+/rgf_
;Fu hf]8]/ x]bf{ s:tf] b[Zo b]lvG5 eGg] d]/f] pT;'stf /x]sf] 5 .
;j{k|yd, s] åGåsf] k|d'v kIf lx+;fnfO{ hg;ª\Vofsf]
pd]/;Fu hf]8]/ x]g{ ldN5 < s] lx+;fdf plqg] hg;ª\Vofsf]
tGg]/L ;d"x g} åGåsf] k|jt{s x'g ;S5 <
d}n] oL k|Zgx¿ xfd|f] b]zdf eO/x]sf lx+;fTds ultljlwx¿sf]
jf:tljstfdf cfwfl/t 1fg / lx+;fTds pynk'yn a]xf]l//x]sf tyf To;sf]
cg'ej u/]sf cGo b]zx¿af6 ;Ílnt ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df
p7fPsf] x'F .
hg;ª\Vofsf] agfj6;Fu lx+;fnfO{
;dfof]hg u/]/ åGå a'´g hg;ª\Vofsf] dWod pd]/
(median age) tyf To;sf] cfsf/ ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . -;lhnf]sf]
lglDt oxfF …ldl8og PhÚ nfO{ …cf};t pd]/Ú
elgPsf] 5 ._ lx+;fsf] rk]6fdf k/]sf / gk/]sf s]xL b]zsf tYofª\s
le8fpFbf åGåsf] sf/stTjsf] ¿kdf hg;ª\Vofsf]
agfj6sf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft
x'G5 . s]xL pbfx/0f x]/f}F Û rLgdf ;f+:s[lts qmflGt
x'Fbf ToxfFsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] cf};t pd]/ !( jif{ lyof] .
a]nfavt lx+;fsf] rqmdf kl//xg] kfls:tfgsf] cf};t pd]/ klg !( jif{
g} 5 . ;g\ !(&( df O/fgsf zfx ckb:y x'Fbf O/fgsf] hg;ª\Vofsf]
cf};t pd]/ !& jif{ dfq} lyof] . To:t} cj:yf 5 xfn} dfq
tfgfzfxnfO{ ckb:y u/]sf] klZrd clk|msL /fi6« nfOa]l/ofsf] .
!(*( df lx+;fsf] ljikmf]6g x'Fbf sflZd/sf] hg;ª\Vofsf] cf};t
pd]/ c‰} cfZro{ nfUg] u/L sd lyof]– !%=^ jif{ dfq .
>LnÍfnL hg;ª\Vofsf] cf};t pd]/ @) jif{eGbf tn} 5 .
logsf] t'ngfdf lx+;faf6 ck|efljt, ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf zfGt b]zsf] ¿kdf
kl/lrt, hfkfgsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] cf};t pd]/ c¿ b]zeGbf w]/}
a9LÙ $!=# jif{ 5 . ptf o'/f]k]nL d'n'sx¿df x]g]{
xf] eg], a]nfotsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] cf};t pd]/ #&=& jif{
5 .
åGånfO{ kl/eflift ug]{
cfwf/sf] ¿kdf hg;ª\Vofsf] ;+/rgfnfO{ lng] xf] eg] tGg]/L
hg;ª\Vofsf] 7"nf] cfsf/sf] sf/0f g]kfn To:t} /fi6«x¿sf]
>]0fLdf kb{5, hxfF åGåtkm{sf] ‰'sfj :jefjtM
a9L x'G5 . g]kfnnfO{ clxn] lszf]/–lszf]/Lx¿sf]
b]z eg]/ ;lhn} eGg ;lsG5 . lsgeg], @)%* ;fnsf] hgu0fgf cg';f/,
g]kfnsf $) k|ltzt afl;Gbf !$ jf Tof]eGbf sd pd]/sf 5g\ . ‰08}
cfwLÙ cyf{t\ $(=*^ k|ltzt g]kfnLx¿ @) jif{ d'lgsf
5g\ . @ s/f]8 #@ nfv %! xhf/ s'n hg;ª\Vofsf] !^=@ k|ltzt
cyf{t\ #& nfv %) xhf/ hgf @) b]lv @( jif{sf] pd]/ ;d"xdf
kb{5g\ . xfnsf] hgu0fgfsf] /]s8{ cg';f/, g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vofsf]
cf};t pd]/ (median age) @)=! jif{ x'g cfpF5 . o;cl3 @)$* ;fndf
of] !*=* jif{ lyof] .
olb hg;ª\Vofsf] of] cfsf/ / åGåsf
;DaGwx¿nfO{ s]nfpg] xf] eg] @)$^ ;fndf hgcfGbf]ng lsg eof]
eGg] a'´g ;lsG5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] cf};t pd]/s} sf/0f o;n]
hgcfGbf]ngsf] ?k lnPsf] / pynk'yn NofPsf] lyof] eGg ;lsG5 .
lsgeg] Tolta]nf g]kfnLx¿sf] cf};t pd]/ !* jif{sf] xf/fxf/Ldf
/x]sf] lyof] . To:t}, dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng z'? ePsf] @)%@ ;fndf
b]zsf] %@ k|ltzt hg;ª\Vof !* jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf] lyof] .
k|To]s ;ohgf g]kfnL afnaflnsfx¿dWo] (# hgf ufpFdf a:b5g\ .
cfwfeGbf a9L afnaflnsf k|fylds lzIff klg k"/f gu/L ljBfno 5f]8\5g\ .
To;}n] hg;ª\Vofsf] tGg]/Lkgf, ltgsf] lg/If/tf / a]/f]huf/LnfO{
klg åGåsf sf/0f;Fu ufF:g ;lsG5 . o'jfx¿sf]
b[li6sf]0f / Jojxf/df cfpg] k':tfhGo kl/jt{g, d"NodfGotf /
cfsfª\Iff tyf c;xdt :jefj Pj+ lg/fzfn] pgLx¿nfO{ s]xL
xfl;n ug{ / cfkm"k|lt c¿sf] Wofg tfGg lx+;ftkm{ 8f]¥ofPsf]
x'g;S5 .
hgtfsf] sNof0f / ;'/Iffaf6 /fHo ljd'v
ePsf] cj:yfdf k|ToIf b]Vg ;lsg] kl/0ffdx¿ x'g\– o'jfx¿sf]
cfd lgjf{;g, knfog / ljb|f]xLkgf . cfh cfd g]kfnL o'jfx¿
dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cfzÍfdf /fHon] abnf lng] jf dfcf]jfbLn] cfˆgf]
ldlnl;of jf u'l/Nnf b:tfdf hah{:tL etL{ ug]{ 8/n] cfqmfGt 5g\ .
ljleGg lhNnfdf :s"nx¿ aGb ePsf 5g\, st} /fHon] /sd /
;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ g;s]/ t st} dfcf]jfbLn] s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ ckx/0f
u/]/ afn ldlnl;ofdf anhˆtL etL{ ug]{ 8/n] . dflg;x¿sf]
dgdf af/Daf/ cfO/xg] lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] :d[lt / ;fdflhs kL8fn]
pTkGg ug]{ lg;xfokgn] klg v/fa cj:yfnfO{ ‰g\ v/fa t'NofpFb}
nu]sf] 5 . ;fdflhs c;dfgtf / pTkL8gn] pTkGg u/]sf] o:t} g}/fZon]
g]kfnL o'jfx¿df åGåsf] cfuf] ;NsfPsf] x'g;Sb5 .
zfob, To;}n] cfhsf o'jfx¿ g]kfnL
/fHo Joj:yfsf d"NodfGotfaf/] af/Daf/ k|Zg p7fO/x]sf 5g\ .
pgLx¿ nfdf] ;dob]lv /fHosf] ;+/Ifssf] ¿kdf k|:t't
ul/Fb} cfPsf] /fh;+:yfsf] af/]df v'n:t eP/ k|Zg ub}{5g\ . g]kfnL
o'jfx¿ 8/ / cefjaf6 d'Qm x'g] cfˆgf] rfxgfnfO{ k"/f
ug{ clgR5's / c;Ifd /fhgLlts k|0ffnLaf/] k|Zg p7fO/x]sf 5g\ .
pgLx¿n] /fhgLlts g]t[Tjaf/] klg k|Zg p7fPsf 5g\, h;n] cfˆgf]
jrg slxNo} k"/f u/]g . o:tf] lsg eof] eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkm
cfpg' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 h;n] xfnsf] åGånfO{ a:t'ut / oyfy{
¿kdf a'´g tyf To;sf] lgsf; vf]Hg ;3fpg ;S5 .
-…g]kfnsf]
åGåsf sf/0fÚ ljifodf n]vsn] ul//x]sf] cg';Gwfgdf
cfwfl/t ._
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