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lji0f'qmfGtf / bfl/d\ ;'/t? ns'/f] l;Gb':ofsf hoGtL .
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cflbslj efg'eQmn] u0f]zrf}yLsf] k"hfsf lglDt rflxg] a:t'x¿sf] lglDt agfPsf] pko'{Qm Znf]sdf @) j6f hlt dfgjf]kof]uL jg:klt / vfB j:t'x¿sf] gfd ;"rLa4 5 . k':tf}Fk':tfb]lv xfd|f ufpF3/df k|of]u x'Fb} cfPsf o:tf k/Dk/fut :j:yfgLo 1fgx¿ cfhef]ln nf]k x'gyfn]sf 5g\ . e[ËL, a]n, b"af], ao/, wt'/f], t'n;L, laxLF, zdL, cfFs cflb jg:klt cfo'j]{bn] cf}iflwdf k|of]u ug{] a'6L x'g\ . ltgsf] k|of]unfO{ ljZjJofkL agfpg] qmddf xfd|f] af}l4s ;Dkbf n'l6g jf rf]/L x'g lbg'x'Fb}g . h8La'6L;Fu} ltgsf] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf ;DaGwL af}l4s ;Dkbfsf] klg ;+/If0f x'g'k5{g\  h'g xfdL;Fu} 5 . o:tf y'k|} 1fgx¿ Pl;of, clk|msf / Nofl6g cd]l/sfaf6 o'/f]k, cd]l/sf, hfkfg cflb ;DkGg d'n'sdf k'lu;s]sf 5g\ . To:tf] 1fg;Fu} tL b]zdf 7"nf] j}ej klg lelqPsf] 5 . ljZj Jofkf/ ;Ë7gsf] cf8df cf}Bf]lus /fi6«x¿n] otf cfP/ ljkGg / ljsf;zLn b]zsf sltko o:tf ;Dkbfdfly cfºgf] Psflwsf/ sfod u/]sf 36gfx¿ k|sfzdf cfO/x]sf 5g\ .

xfd|f cflbjf;L hghfltn] af]Sg] 8f]sf]df eljiosf lzz' dfq xf]Og, logsf dl:tisdf eljiosf lglDt pkof]uL x'g] 1fg klg el/k"0f{ 5 eGg] la;{g x'Fb}g .

cGgkfgLsf] z/L/ xfd|f], slxn]sfxLF lj/fdL k5f{}F . 8fS6/ ;fx]asf] krf{ lnP/ 6\ofan]6, SofK;'n, ‰f]n, dnxd cflb lsg]/ NofpF5f}F / ;]jg u5f{}F . tLdWo] sltko cf}iflwdf xfd|} hl8a'6L k/]sf x'G5g\ . cf}iflwsf] a§fdf /;folgs ;f/tTjsf] pNn]v k9\g kfpF5f}F . t/ tL /;folgs ;f/tTj s'g lj?jfaf6 k|fKt eof] / To;n] s] /f]unfO{ lgsf] ub{5 eGg] cfwf/e"t df}lns 1fg s'g b]zaf6 k|fKt eof], s'g hghfltn] To;sf] ;"q atfP / Tof] 1fg sxfF ;'/lIft 5 eGg] s'/f sxLF v'nf;f ul/Psf] x'Fb}g . xfd|} h8La'6Ln] xfdLnfO{ g} 7lu/x]sf] x'G5 .

Pl;ofdf @,))) jif{;Dd cf}iflwsf] ¿kdf k|of]u eOcfPsf] ;k{uGwfsf] cf}ifwLo pkof]lutfaf/] klZrdL pBf]un] ;'OFsf] kfPsf] @) jif{ k'Ubf g k'Ub} of] h8La'6L /}yfg] pb\ud:ynaf6 nf]k x'g yfNof] . cfh g]kfn, ef/t, aËfnb]z, kfls:tfg / cGo b]zdf o;nfO{ Hofb} b'n{e dflgG5 /, ljZj Jofkf/df o;nfO{ k|ltaGw klg nufOPsf] 5 . o;sf] d"n /;fog tTj …l/;lk{gÚ s[lqd ¿kdf lgdf{0f x'g] yfn]sf] 5 . o; /;fogsf] cfwf/e"t ;+/rgf …ANo' lk|G6Ú eg] k|fs[t kbfy{af6} k|fKt ePsf] xf] . o;f] gx'Fbf] xf] t s;sf] duhn] …l/;lk{gÚsf] /;folgs ;+/rgf v'6\ofpg ;SYof] xf]nf < blIf0f Pl;ofsf j}B, wfdL, ‰fFqmL tyf cfo'j{]b h:tf ljBfn] ;k{uGwfsf] u'0f / k|of]u ljlw gatfPsf] eP gt ljb]zL sDkgLx¿ o;af6 s/f]8f}F 8n/ sdfpg ;kmn x'Gy]Ù g ax'n7\7kg (schizophrenia) n] 56kl6Psf ljZjsf nfvf}F lj/fdLx¿n] pkrf/ kfpFy] gt of] a'6L xfd|} b]zdf o;/L b'n{e x'gyfNYof] . t/, To:tf c;ª\Vo k|sf/sf h8La'6L / ltgsf] k|of]u ljlw k':tf b/k':tfnfO{ l;sfpFb} / hu]gf{ ub}{ cfPsf ljsf;zLn d'n'sx¿ / ToxfFsf cflbjf;L hghfltx¿ g} 7luFb} cfPsf 5g\ .

ltgsf] k|fs[lts / af}l4s ;Dkbfaf6 ;DkGg d'n's / ToxfFsf cf}iflw pBf]ux¿n] Psnf}6L nfe lnO/x]sf 5g\ . oxL la8DagfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw -;g\ !((@_ n] k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk / :yfgLo ljlwljwfgsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ / To:tf] 1fgsf cflwsfl/s ;|f]t ag]sf JolQm jf ;d'bfo nfeflGjt x'g] s'/f ;'lglZrt ul/g'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/LÙ ljZj Jofkf/ ;Ë7gsf] k|fjwfgn] klg Jofkf/;Fu ;DalGwt x'g] af}}l4s ;DklQsf] Ps k|0ffnL …l6«K;Ú leq a;]/ k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] ;'/Iff ug'{kg{] s'/f cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu sfg"gL Joj:yf ldnfpg' x/]s /fHosf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . To;f] gePdf xfd|f] k|fs[lts / af}l4s ;Dkbf pkof]u u/]/ c¿x¿ wgL x'g], xfdL rflxF ‰g\‰g\ u/La / zf]lift x'Fb} hfg] qmd /f]lsg] 5}g .

h}ljs ljljwtf / To;;DaGwL k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] ;+/If0f ug{ blIf0f ef/tsf /fHox¿ s]/fnf, s0ff{6s / tldngf8"df …hg clen]vÚ sf] cjwf/0ff sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 . …hg clen]vÚ -lkk'N; jfof]8fOel;{6L /lhi6/_ tof/ kfg{ ToxfF x/]s u|fd k~rfotnfO{ :yfgLo OsfO{sf ¿kdf :jLsfl/Psf] 5 . …hg clen]vÚ sf] lgdf{0fdf y'k|} k|fljlws Pj+ j}1flgs ;+3;+:yfsf] k|fljlws 6]jf / ;]jf k|fKt ePsf] eP tfklg clen]v lgdf{0f eg] k"0f{tof hg;xeflutfsf] cfwf/df ;DkGg x'g] k|lqmof ToxfF :yflkt x'Fbf] 5 . s'g} hghflt, ;d'bfo jf JolQmsf] df}lns -ck|sflzt_ 1fg 5 eg] To;sf] uf]Kotf ;a} txaf6 k|Tofe"t x'g], / df}lns 1fgsf] pkof]u / pkef]u ubf{ nfesf] afF8kmfF8sf] Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ug{] Joj:yf klg u/]sf] kfOG5 .

s]/fnfsf] cu:YodnfO{ kxf8df lkm/Gt] hLjg latfpg] æsfgLÆ hfltn] cfºgf] zf/Ll/s ysfg d]6fpg k/Dk/fb]lv k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] Pp6f ‰f/ (Trichopus zelanicus k|hfltsf] travancoricus pkk|hflt_ yk cg';Gwfg u/L æ6«f]lksn jf]6flgsn uf8{]g P08 l/;r{Æ gfdsf] ;+:yfn] æhLjgLÆ gfd /fv]/ gofF cf}iflw lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . To; cf}iflwsf] Jofkf/af6 x'g] kmfObfsf] %) k|ltzt æsfgLÆ ;d'bfon] k|fKt ug]{5 . g]kfndf /fli6«o lgs'~haf6 x'g] nfesf] %) k|ltzt dWojtL{ If]qsf ;d'bfonfO{ k|bfg ug{] Joj:yf;Fu o;nfO{ t'ngf ug{ ;lsG5 .

pk/f]Qm pbfx/0faf6 hg clen]vsf] dxŒj a'´g ;lsG5 . t/ /fli6«o gLlt / sfg'gsf] z"Gotfdf o:tf] sfd ug{ ;Dej x'Fb}g . >L % sf] ;/sf/ jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfnosf] tkm{af6 sf:sL / d':tfªsf s]xL uflj;df gd"gfsf] ¿kdf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;fd'bflos clen]v tof/ ug{] hdsf{] ePsf] lyof] . xfn Tof] k|of; Tolts} ;]nfPsf] efg x'G5 . t/ ef/ts} pbfx/0f sf]6\ofpFbfÙ ToxfF clen]vsf] ;a} vr{ lhNnf k~rfotn] a]xf]g{] / æ8f]g/Æ 9'sL a:g] k|j[lQ g/x]sf] kfOG5 . k|fljlws hg an klg :jb]z / :j:yfgsf] uf}/jaf6 pTk|]l/t ePsf] b]lvof] . …k|f]h]S6 sG;n6fG;LÚsf] df]6f] /sd k|tLIff u/]sf] ToxfF kfOPg / …lkk'N; jfof]8fOel;{6L /lhi6/ÚnfO{ ;DalGwt u|fd k~rfotn] cfºgf] cd"No lglwsf] ¿kdf ;sf/]sf] kfOof] . To; lglwnfO{ ef/tsf] ;+;bÙ nf]s;efaf6 kfl/t æb jfof]nlhsn 8fOel;{6L ljn @))!Æ n] sfg'gL cfwf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf ljleGg k|of;sf afah"b xfn;Dd o:tf] P]g aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . t;y{ Psflt/ P]gs} vfFrf] 5 eg] csf{]lt/ j}1flgs 6]jf k'¥ofpg'kg{] lgsfox¿nfO{ d/0ff;Gg lzlyntfaf6 k'ghL{ljt ug'{ plQs} h?/L 5 . cj:yf h]–h:tf] eP klg clen]v /fVg] sfdsf] cfwf/e"t yfngL ug{df ljnDa ug}{ gx'g] eO;s]sf] 5 . o;df l9nfO ubf{ xfd|f] h}ljs ljljwtf csf{sf] xftsf] wg aGg]5 . xfd|f af}l4s ;Dkbf klg rLg jf ef/tsf] kf]N6fdf kg{ hfg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . Nxf;fdf ;'g jf lbNnLdf xL/f h] eP klg cfºgf] xft eg] l/Q} x'g;S5 .

h}ljs ljljwtfdf xfdL wgL 5f}F eGg] s'/f !( cf}F ztfAbLsf] k|f/Deb]lv ljleGg /fi6«sf j}1flgsx¿n] u/]sf ;f]wvf]haf6 :yflkt ePsf] xf] . t/ Tof] ;f]wvf]hsf] kmfObf eg] xfdLn] lng;s]sf 5}gf}F . cª\u|]hx¿n] æa]nfotsf] So' uf8{]g;\ (kew gerdens) sf] ;fsf/ ?k sf7df8f}F xf]Æ eg]/ sljtf dfq /r]gg\, g]kfnsf u'/fF;, ;'gfv/L, n]sfnL a'sL / s}of}F ;'Gb/ km"nx¿sf] Jofkf/af6 plxn] g} w]/} wg/fzL klg sdfP . To:t} hfkfgLx¿n] xfd|f /}yfg] t/sf/L, kmnkm"n, vfBGgsf aLpaf6 gofFgofF s[lif afnL ahf/df k'¥ofP . s;n] slt sxfF nUof] eGg] clen]v} 5}g xfdL;Fu . aL= XofldN6n] ;g\ !*)@–# df dfq $## jg:kltsf gd"gf a]nfot k'¥ofPsf lyP . To:t} aL= x8;gn] ;g\ !*@)–!*$# sf] cjlwdf (,%)) r/fsf k|zf]lwt gd"gf / !))) eGbf a9L jGohGt'sf k|zf]lwt 5fnf a]nfotdf k'¥ofP . o;}u/L df5f, vfBfGg / kmnkm"nsf] cWoogdf w]/} ljb]zL j}1flgsx¿ cfh;Dd klg sfo{/t 5g\ . t/ cWoog / cg';Gwfgsf k|ltkmnb]lv g]kfnLx¿ ;w}F 6f9f /xg' k¥of] . h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGw !((@ n] h}ljs ;Dkbf /fli6«o clwsf/sf] s'/f xf] / tL ;Dkbf;Dd k'Ug] kx'Frsf] nflu ;DalGwt /fi6«sf] ;xdlt x'g'kg{] s'/fnfO{ cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 . t;y{ s]Gb|Lo :t/df xfd|f] h}ljs ;Dkbfsf] clen]v sfg'gL ¿kdf sfod ug{ r'Sof}F eg] xfdL ljgf nfnk'hf{sf] hldg hf]Tg] ls;fg h:t} x'g'kg{] x'G5 .

ljZj Oltxf;n] k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] 5 ls k|fs[lts ;Dkbf ljz]if u/]/ jg, jg:klt, jGohGt' df5f, hnr/ / r/fr'?ËLx¿af/] oyfy{ 1fgsf] ;Fufnf] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;dfh / ;+:s[ltdf hLjGt x'G5 . To;}n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] cWoogdf w]/} ljåfg\x¿ nfUg] u/]sf 5g\ . Pp6f ;fwf/0f lj?jfsf] s:tf] s:tf] u'0f bf]if x'G5 eGg] 1fg xfd|f ls;fg / u|fdL0f hLjgsf] lbgrof{df ;xh} v'Ng] u5{ . pbfx/0fsf nfluÙ bfª lhNnfsf b+uf]/f yf¿x¿ bdsf] /f]udf ;fdfGo tLt]kftLsf] lj?jf k|of]u ub{5g\ eg] l;Gw'nLsf bg'jf/x¿ Hj/f] / skfn b'Vbfsf] cf}iflw o;}af6 ub{5g\ . lrtjgdf b/fOx¿ hLpsf] n'tf] lgsf] kfg{ tLt]kftLsf] kfgLdf g'xfpFb5g\ . sf7df8f}Fdf g]jf/x¿ tLt]kftL VjfP/ k]6sf h'sf ‰f5{g\ .

o:t} df}lns 1fgsf] ;"rgfaf6 j}1flgs cg';Gwfgsf] 9f]sf v'N5 . o:t} /}yfg] 1fgsf] cfwf/df Dof8fuf:s/sf] Pp6f a'6L …/f]hL k]l/ljsnÚaf6 /utsf] SofG;/ lgsf] kfg{] /;fog tTj ljZjnfO{ k|fKt eof] . ;g\ !(*) tfsf g} k|To]s jif{ …/f]hL k]l/ljsnÚ sf] !) s/f]8 8n/sf] Jofkf/ x'GYof] . t/ b'ef{Uo, Dof8fuf:s/sf hgtfsf] xftdf eg] Ps sf}8L klg k/]g . o;}u/L SofG;/ / P8\;sf cf}iflw kQf nufpg] xf]8afhLdf ljZjsf w]/} cf}iflw sDkgLx¿ nfu]sf 5g\ / ltgLx¿ ljr/g ug{] kmfF6 xfd|f] h:t} ljljw hghfltn] ;DkGg h}ljs ljljwtfsf wgL b]z x'g\ . o; ;Gbe{df blIf0f Pl;ofsf] af;dtL rfdn, gLd, a];f/nufot s}of}F s[lif afnL Pj+ h8La'6L dfly o'/f]k, cd]l/sf / hfkfgsf Jofkfl/s sDkgLx¿n] Psflwsf/ sfod ug{ u/]sf k|of;x¿nfO{ la;{g'x'Fb}g . To;}n]Ù casf lbgx¿df >L % sf] ;/sf/, hgtf / ljz]if u/]/ cflbjf;L hghflt ;d"xx¿ o;tkm{ rgfvf] x'g'kb{5 . ;/sf/n] hghfltnfO{ cfºgf] af}l4s clwsf/ sfod ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] j[l4 ug{ ;3fpg' plrt x'G5 . To:t} g]kfn hghflt dxf;+3n] ;g\ !((( df :j:yfgLo 1fgaf/] ;DkGg u/]sf] Pl;ofnL If]qLo uf]i7Lsf cg'ej / l;kmfl/;x¿nfO{ cl3 a9fpg' kb{5 .

cflbjf;L hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fg P]g–@)%* cg';f/ /fi6«n] %( hflt jf ;d'bfox¿ cflbjf;L hghflt ePsf] :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . t/ bzf}F /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)%* sf] kl/0ffdn] d'n'sdf !)! hflt tyf (@ dft[efiff /x]sf] tYo ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnLx¿ hfltdf jf efiffefifLdf ljeflht x}g PsLs[t 5g\ eGg] s'/f >L % k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf lbJo pkb]zb]lv g} k|:6 x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 / ærf/ hft 5QL; j0f{sf] km"naf/LÆ df k|To]s km"nsf] cfºg} ;'jf; klg x'G5 / tL ;'jf;sf] cfh ljz]if vf]hL ug{'kg{], klxrfg ug{'kg]{ / /fi6« pTyfgsf nflu ljsf; ug{'kg{] vfFrf] ‰g\ 68\sf/f] ePsf] 5 .

ljZj h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGwsf] Joj:yf cg';f/Ù xfdLn] cfºgf] k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk / gjLgtd /}yfg] k|of]ux¿ dfly cfºg} …af}l4s ;DklQsf] clwsf/Ú -cfO{kLcf/_ sfod x'g] / To;df c¿n] Psflwsf/ -k]6]G6_ hdfpg gkfpg] l:ylt lgdf{0f ug{' k/]sf] 5 . o; sfo{df kl5kbf{ xfd|f cflbjf;L hghfltdf lglxt ljzfn 1fgsf] e08f/ To;} nf]k x'g] jf c¿af6 rf]/L x'g] lglZrt k|foM 5 . xfd|f] yfsvf]nf If]q -d':tfª, afUn'ª_ df ;g\ !(*^ tfsf hfkfgL ljz]if1x¿n] u/]sf] Ps cWoog cg'';f/ ToxfFsf :yfgLo hghfltx¿n] nueu !)#) eGbf a9L h8La'6L, sGbd'n, ;fukft vfBj:t' / cGo dfgj pkof]uL ljhlj?jf k|ToIf pkof]u÷pkef]u ug]{ ub{y] . ltgdf cfFvf /f]usf] pkrf/df !) k|sf/sf, ;fdfGo Hj/f]df @* k|sf/sf, sn]hf] ;DaGwL /f]udf %) k|sf/sf, 3fpvl6/fdf ^ k|sf/sf, bfFtsf] /f]udf * k|sf/sf / k]6sf] h'sf–sL/f kmfNgnfO{ ^ k|sf/sf h8La'6Lx¿ k|of]u ePsf] kfOPsf] lyof] . o;}u/L 8f]Nkfsf cflDrx¿ $)) eGbf a9L k|sf/sf h8La'6L ljleGg /f]u pkrf/df k|of]u ug]{ u5{g\ .

To:t} kj{t / sf:sLsf u'?ª hfltn] !)! k|hfltsf jg:klt k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] Ps ;fwf/0f cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 . oxL k|;Ëdf ;of}F :jb]zL / ljb]zL lj1x¿ ljleGg g]kfnL hghfltsf] cWoog u/]/ g]kfnsf] k/Dk/fut 1fgnfO{ dfgj sNof0fdf pkof]u ug{] af6f] vGb}5g\ . t/ tL ;a} af6f] PstkmL{ -jg j]_ 5g\Ù s'g} af6f] klg hghflt cflbjf;Lsf] sNof0f ug{ g]kfnlt/ kms{]sf 5}gg\ / kmls{g] klg 5}gg\ eGg' cTo'lQm gxf]nf . To;}n] xfd|f] cWoog cg'';GwfgnfO{ s] df]8 lbg] eGg] :ki6 gLltsf] klg 7"nf] cefj 5 . xfd|f] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] e08f/ eGbf To;nfO{ pkof]u ug]{ xfd|f] k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] e08f/ l56f]l56f] ;'Sb}5 . h}ljs ljljwtfsf ljifodf ljz]if 1fg lglxt r]kfª, /fp6], xfo', kx/L, bg'jf/, yf¿, ;tf/nufotsf s}of}F hghfltx¿ ef}lts ¿kdf nf]k geP tfklg ;f+:s[lts ¿kdf cfºgf] af}l4s ;Dkbf u'dfpFb}5g\ . o;} sf/0f Psflt/ tL af}l4s ;Dkbfsf] oyfzL3| clen]v sfod ug{ ;Sg' k/]sf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ tL ;Dkbfsf] ;'/Iff / ljsf;sf nflu sfg"gL sjraf6 ;'/Iff kfpg] Joj:yf klg :yfkgf ug{' k/]sf] 5 .