csf]{ ljZjsf] vf]hL

dx]Gb| kL= nfdf

uf]nf4{sf] pQ/lt/ /x]sf ljsl;t /fi6«x¿n] pklgj]zjfbL / ;fd|fHojfbL gLltdfkm{t\ blIf0ftkm{sf ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿nfO{ !( cf}F / @) cf}F ztfAbLsf] clwsf+z cjlw;Dd zf]lift, kLl8t / lgolGqt /fv] . pklgj]zjfbaf6 pGd'lQm kfPkl5 ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿ Pslqt eO{ sfd ug{ nfu] . of] xf] ;g\ !(%) / !(^) sf] bzssf] s'/f] . o;} tfs u'6 lg/k]If cfGbf]ng, …u'|k ckm &&Ú z'? ul/P . ch]{lG6gfsf k|l;4 cy{zf:qL /n k]|ljzn] cfˆgf] cGj]if0fåf/f ljsl;t /fi6«x¿n] cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/df u/La / lk5l8Psf /fi6«x¿nfO{ 7Ub} cfPsf 5g\ eGg] s'/f] ;flat u/]kl5, ljZj cfly{s hutdf 7"n} xnrn dlRrof] . k|]ljzn] ljsf;zLn /fi6«sf sf]/f dfnsf] d"NonfO{ ljsl;t /fi6«n] s;/L bafP/ /fV5g\ clg ToxL sRrf kbfy{af6 dxFuf] ;fdfg agfO{ k]ml/ pxL ljsf;zLn /fi6«nfO{ a]r]/ s;/L d'gfkmf sdfpF5g\ eGg] lx;fa 5n{Ë b]vfOlbP .

ljsl;t /fi6«x¿;Fu s]jn sf/vfgf / 6]Sgf]nf]hL lyof], h'g ljsf;zLn /fi6«nfO{ slxNo} lbOPg . ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿ s]jn Pn'ldlgod agfpg] aS;fO6, sk8f agfpg] skf;, :6Ln agfpg] kmnfd cflb sf]/f dfn cfk"lt{ ug]{ s]Gb| dfq} ag] . ljsl;t /fi6«n] ljsf;zLn /fi6«nfO{ Psfkl§ cfly{s cg'bfg lbP, csf]{kl§ s"6gLlts / ;fdl/s k|e'Tj hdfpg vf]h] . cfly{s cg'bfg klg o:tf] k|sf/n] lbP ls Tof] k|fKt ug]{ /fi6«sf] k/lge{/tf c‰} a9\b} uof] . o;/L ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿ ljsl;t /fi6«sf cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf] ahf/df kl/0ft x'Fb} uP .

ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿n] w]/} d~rx¿df o:tf] cfly{s lyrf]ldrf] / c;Gt'ngsf lj?4 cfjfh p7fP . ltgn] nfdf] pklgj]zjfb–;fd|fHojfbn] NofPsf] kL8f / zf]if0fdfly ljZjdf ax; 5]8] . c;+nUg cfGbf]ng cl3 ;f/]/ …t];|f] ljZjÚ egL cfˆgf] gofF d~r g} agfP . …k|yd ljZjÚdf /x]sf ljsl;t /fi6«x¿ / bf];|f] ljZjdf kg]{ ;dfhjfbL /fi6«x¿sf] cu'jfO{ cd]l/sf / ;f]leot ;+3n] qmd}l;t u/]sf lyP . ljsl;t /fi6«x¿n] ljZj AofÍ, cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]if / xfnsf] ljZjJofkf/ ;+3nfO{ xltof/ agfO{ cg}lts / cdfgjLo zt{x¿ yf]k/]/ ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿nfO{ v]bf] u/] / ub}{5g\ .

ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿n] klg df}sf kfpg] ljlQs} ljsl;t /fi6«x¿nfO{ ufFHg yfn] . o;}sf] glthf xf] æpQ/–blIf0f jftf{Æ h;nfO{ ;fsf/ ?k lbg b'O{ j6f ljZjJofkL cfof]ux¿ agfOP . ;g\ !(^( df Sofgf8fsf e"tk"j{ k|wfgdGqL lko;{gsf] g]t[Tjdf agfOPsf] cfof]un] k|:t't u/]sf ;'‰fj sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sbf, !(&) bzssf] cGTolt/ hd{gLsf rfG;n/ ljln a|f08\6sf] g]t[Tjdf …a|f08\6 cfof]uÚ agfOof] . oL cfof]ux¿n] ljsl;t /fi6«x¿sf] s'n /fli6«o cfosf] Ps k|ltzt c+z jif]{gL ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿nfO{ cg'bfgsf ¿kdf hfg'k5{ eGg] l;kmfl/; u/] . t/ pQ/sf /fi6«x¿ o;df df}g / lgliqmo /x], s]xL lbPgg\ . a?, 6]Sgf]nf]hL b]lv ahf/ Joj:yf, k"FhL lgj]zb]lv cfly{s cg'bfg / ljZj JofÍb]lv ljsf;l;t ;DalGwt ;a} ;+:yfx¿df cfˆgf] sAhf c¿ dha"t kf/] . ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿nfO{ ahf/ Joj:yf v'nf ug{ afWo kf/] eg] cfˆgf] ahf/ gofF 9fn–kvf{n v8f u/]/ ‰g\ ;+/lIft t'NofP .

l:ylt slxNo} ;'lw|Pg . cfh klg ljZjsf] df]7 cfosf] &) k|ltzt efu ljsl;t /fi6«n] c7\ofpF5 . ljZjsf] df]7 ef}uf]lns If]qsf] s]jn !^ k|ltzt / s'n hg;ª\Vofsf] !# k|ltzt dfq} af]‰ ePsf oL ljsl;t /fi6«x¿df o'/f]lkog ;d'bfosf /fi6«nufot cd]l/sf, Sofgf8f / hfkfg ;fd]n 5g\ . blIf0fsf !%) eGbf a9L ljsf;zLn /fi6«dfÙ ljZj hg;ª\Vofsf] *& k|ltzt dfgj ;d"x a:5 t/ To;n] ljZjsf] s'n cfosf] #) k|ltzt lx:;f dfq} kfpF5 . t km]l/ ljZjdf ;dtf, v'lzofnL / k|ult s;/L cfpg] < u/LaL / lsgf/Ls/0fsf] k|lqmof slxn] 6'+lug] < s] ljsl;t /fi6«x¿n] b]vfpg] u/]sf] ;xfg'e"lt s[lqd xf] < ljsl;t /fi6«nfO{ zf]ifs aGg] / /xg] clwsf/ s;n] lbof] <

;f]leot ;+3sf] ljv08g;Fu} t];|f] ljZjnfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] …bf];|f] ljZjÚsf] cGTo eof] . cd]l/sf PSnf] zlQm aGof] / cfˆgf kf/Dkl/s ljsl;t ldq /fi6«x¿nfO{ ;d]t bafpg ;Sg] l:yltdf k'Uof] . o;}aLr C0fdf r'n'{Dd 8'a]sf u/La /fi6«x¿ 56k6fpg yfn] . km]l/ csf]{ eLif0f l:yltn] 3]¥of] ltgnfO{ . To;af6 cd]l/sfn] kmfObf p7fof] . ljZj JofÍ / cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]ifn] ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿nfO{ cfly{s b'u{lt / lzlyntfaf6 lgsfNg C0f t lbP t/ sl7g / :jfyL{ zt{x¿ hf]8]/ . Psk6s C0f lnPsfn] ltgaf6 km]l/ klg C0f lng} kg]{ ef] . log} zt{x¿n] cl3 NofP, csf]{ eofgs k|sf]k h;nfO{ …ljZjJofkLs/0fÚ eg]/ lrGg yflnof] .

ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] d'6' PstkmL{ cfly{s v'Nnfkg xf] eg] o;sf] cfTdf ljsl;t /fi6«x¿sf] lbuf] lxt . o; cGtu{t ef/t–g]kfn h:tf ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿n] cfˆgf] ahf/ Joj:yf k"0f{ ¿kdf vf]Ng' k¥of]Ù gq eg] ljsf; x'Fb}g /], /fi6«n] bIftf xfl;n ug{ ;Qm}g /] / /fi6« c‰} ?U0f l:yltdf k'U5 /] Û ahf/ vf]Ng' eg]sf] Jofkf/df cfˆgf] lgoGq0f u'dfp\g' xf], lghLs/0fsf] uf8L r9\g' xf], ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx¿sf] k"hf ug'{ xf] / ;/sf/ ;fwf/0f / u/La hgtfaf6 efUg' xf] . t/ o:tf] ug}{ k5{, gq cfly{s ;xfotf kfOFb}g . olt dfq} sxfF xf] /, clxn];Dd Jofkf/ s]jn ;/;fdfgdf ul/GYof]Ù t/ ca pk|fGt ;]jfsf] If]qdf klg ToxL x'g] ef] . af6f]–3f6f], ;~rf/, JofÍ, aLdf, lzIff, :jf:Yo ;a} ljb]zL ;+:yfx¿n] rnfpg kfpg] eP .
ljsf;zLn b]zsf ;/sf/n] rnfPsf sDkgLx¿sf] lghLs/0f ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] clgjfo{ zt{ xf] . t/ /fd|} cfDbfgL ul//x]sf ;/sf/L OsfOx¿ dfq lghLs/0f x'g yfn] .

ljdf/ pBf]uwGbfnfO{ ax'/fli6«o sDkgLn] 6]8f] cfFvfn] klg x]g{ rfxFb}g . csf]{lt/ ahf/df ePe/sf] ljb]zL ;/;fdfg cfpg yfNof] . afnaflnsfn] b"wsf] abnf sf]s, ;v/v08fsf] ;§f c+sn lrK; / tGg]/Lx¿ tftf] bfneft 5f]8]/ kmf]:s] lkHhf vfg nfu] .

xfd|f] cl3 gf}nf gf}nf r'gf}tL klg cfP . ef/tn] jif]{gL nueu *=$ s/f]8 6g b"w pTkfbg u5{ . b"wsf] Joj;fon] * s/f]8eGbf a9L ef/tLo dlxnf / ufpFaf;Lx¿nfO{ /f]huf/ lbPsf] 5 . olt g} b"w s'g} ljsl;t /fi6«n] klg pTkfbg u5{ t/ ToxfF s]jn Ps nfvn] /f]huf/L kfpF5g\ . cyf{t\ oL /fi6«x¿df 7"nf 7"nf uf]7df d]lzgåf/f b"wsf] ;a} sfd x'G5 . ca ljZj Jofkf/ ;Ë7gsf] cfb]z d'tflas ef/tn] b"wsf] ahf/ klg v'Nnf kfg'{kg]{5 o"/f]k., cd]l/sf / ci6«]lnofsf] ;:tf] b"wsf lglDt . clg To;n] l;Wofpg] 5 s/f]8f}F ufpFaf;L ef/tLox¿sf] /f]huf/L . b"w / /f]huf/sf] h:t} ;d:of–rqm k|foM ;a} s[ifsLo pkh / k|0ffnLdf b]vf kg]{5 .

ljZjJofkLs/0f xjfO{hxfhdf r9]sf] h:t} xf] . PskN6 r9]kl5 uGtJo gk'u'Gh]n aLrdf sf]xL cf]n{g ;Qm}g . t/ uGtJo eg] s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g . ;a}n] Gofgf], ;'Gb/ / ;'vdo 5 xf]nf eGg] 7fg]sf 5g\ . xfdL ;a} To;df r9]sf 5f}F, xfd|f] ;/sf/ / /fi6« g} r9]sf sf/0f . ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] efiff cª\u|]hL xf] . lsgeg] h'g} /fi6«df klg cª\u|]hL af]Ng]n] o; ;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt agfpF5 . ljZjJofkLs/0fsf Ph]G6x¿n] o:tf dxŒjk"0f{ / k|efjzfnL :t/ / :yfgdf /x]sf gLlt lgwf{/sx¿nfO{ vNtLdf xfNb5g\ / cfkm" cl3 a9\b5g\ .
ljZjJofkLs/0fn] ;a}nfO{ d'5of], t/ kmfObf eg] dflysfx¿n] dfq} kfpg] eP . u/La c‰} xf]lrg] eP, /f]huf/ Joj:yf c‰} ;fF3'l/of] / /fi6«sf] g}lts d"No cf]/fnf] nfUg] eof] . ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] ;fFrf] cg'ofoL ag]sf] kfls:tfgdf u/LaLsf] /]vfb]lv tn /x]sf dflg;x¿sf] ;ª\Vof !(*&–** df @^ k|ltzt lyof] eg] @))!–@))@ df #@ k|ltzt k'Uof] . b]zdf ;/sf/} ;/sf/ x'Fbf t ;/sf/L kl/of]hgf gk'u]sf s'gfsGb/fdf, ca ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf ;lsPkl5 sf] k'Unf < s]xL cfzf ug]{ 7fpF;Dd /x]g .

o;/L xfd|f ;/sf/x¿n] cFufn]sf] ljZjJofkLs/0fn] eofgs glthf / eLif0f k|efj km}nfpFbf klg xfdL df}g 5f}F . oxL df}gtfsf] kmfObf p7fP/ g} cd]l/sf, ckmuflg:tfgÙ O/fs / g]kfndf k:of] . oxL cf8df ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx¿ hxLFtxLF 5\ofk5\ofKtL x'Fb}5g\ . olt;Dd ls /fi6«sf cfˆgf sDkgLx¿n] kfpg ;Sg] ;a} xs / clwsf/x¿ oL ljb]zL sDkgLx¿n] dfUg yfn] . ljZj ahf/df lrofsf] d"No a9\bf ;a} d'gfkmf tL sDkgLn] dfq} vfg], t/ d"No 36\gf;fy lrof >ldsx¿sf] a]tg sf6]/ logLx¿sf] laNnf -a|f08_ af6 lrof agfpg] sDkgLx¿sf] s;n] lj/f]w ug]{ <

ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] lj/f]wdf n8fOF 5]l8g afFsL g} 5 . clxn] ljZj dfgj ;d'bfo To:tf] n8fOFsf] lglDt tof/L ub}{5 . gf]an k'/:sf/ ljh]tf tyf cd]l/sL /fi6«kltsf] e"tk"j{ cfly{s ;Nnfxsf/ hf];]km l:6u\lnhn] cfˆgf] k':ts Unf]anfOh]zg P08 O6\; l8;sG6]G6\; df ljZjJofkLs/0fnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] 3f]8fx¿sf] eofgs eT;{gf u/]sf 5g\ . ljZjsf] s'gf–s'gfdf bafOPsf– zf]lift dfgj cfjfh km]l/ p7\t}5g\ .
o:t} Pp6f lj/f]wk"0f{ cfjfh p7fpg] 7fpF xf], ljZj ;fdflhs d~r -aN8{ ;f]l;on kmf]/d_Ù h;sf] eJo ;ef xfn} d'DaO{ gu/df ;lsof] . Ps nfveGbf a9L ;ª\Vofdf ljZjsf s'gfs'gfaf6 dflg;x¿ y'lk|Psf] Tof] ^ lbg] ;Dd]ngdf !^)) ljifox¿df xhf/f}F k|ltlglwx¿n] cf–cfˆgf ljrf/ /fv] .
O/fsdf cd]l/sL xdnfn] cl3 NofPsf] gofF ;fdfHojfbb]lv ef]6fª] -e'6fgL_ z/0ffyL{, ltAatsf] :jfwLgtfb]lv sflZd/, ljsf; kl/of]hgfn] phf8 kf/]sf] 3/–j:tLsf] s?0f ufyfb]lv ax'/fli6«o sDkgLn] vQd kf/]sf] k|fs[lts ;Dkbf, g]kfnsf] hftkftsf] l3gnfUbf] k|yfb]lv ljZjdf P8\; ladf/Lsf] k|sf]k / dlxnfx¿sf] a9\bf] lsgf/Ls/0fb]lv cfw'lgs ;+rf/ Joj:yfn] NofPsf] ljs[lt;Ddsf ljifox¿df ToxfF 5nkmn eof] .

klxnf] ljZj ;fdflhs d~rsf] cfof]hgf a|flhnsf] kf]6f]{ cu|]df ;g\ @))@ df ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 o; d+rn] nueu Pp6f ljZjJofkL cfGbf]ngs} ?k lng yfn]sf] 5 . e]nf ePsf JolQm– ;+:yfx¿n] cf–cfˆgf /fi6« / If]qdf ljZjJofkLs/0fn] NofPsf eofgs glthfsf] ljZn]if0f / 5nkmn dfq} gu/]/ logLx¿aLr ljZj:t/df lj/f]wsf] >[+vnf agfpg] k|lqmof z'? eO;s]sf] 5 . bfhL{lnªsf] r'ªy'ª lrof sdfgsf wgaxfb'/ 3f]08], >LnÍfsf] Go'/]lnofsf ;j{gog / s]Gofsf b]zdf]08 df]on] lrof pdfbf{ k':tf}Fb]lv ef]Ub} cfPsf] oftgfaf/] d'DaO{b]lv () lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f nf]gfjfnfdf a;L b'O{lbg;Dd 5nkmn u/]kl5 lrof >ldsx¿sf] Pp6f ljZj ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g u/] .

:jL6\h/Nof08sf] 8fef];df ljZj cfly{s d~rsf] ;ef klg ‰08} o;} avt ePsf] lyof] . To; d~rdf ljZjJofkLs/0fnfO{ dfof ug{]x¿ dfq e]nf x'G5g\ . k"FhLjfbL tfstx¿n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] To; d~rdf ljZjsf k|foM ;a} /fi6«sf ljQdGqLx¿ k'U5g\ / ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] lr;f] 3fd tfK5g\ .
otf d'DaO{sf] ljZj ;fdflhs d~rdf o'jf–o'jtLx¿n] ulx/f] rf;f] /fv]/ 5 lbg latfP . la|l6z n]vs hh{ dgljcf]6n] a]nfot ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ljsf;zLn d'n'sx¿nfO{ cg'bfg afF8\g] lgsfo -8L=Pkm=cfO=8L_ n] ef/tsf] cfGw|k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ xfn} lbPsf] ef?=@#($ s/f]8sf] cg'bfg ToxfFsf] kfgL, 6]lnkmf]g, lah'nL cflb hg;'ljwf -klAns o'l6lnl6h_ x¿ lghLs/0f ug]{ lbzftkm{ ;/sf/nfO{ cl3 a9fpg lbPsf] xf] eg] . dgljcf]6n] of] klg eg] …ut jif{ clgsfnu|:t o'yf]lkofnfO{ la|l6z ;/sf/n] lbPsf] cg'bfg eGbf kGw| u'0ff a9L of] /sd a]nfotn] s]xL jif{kl5 cfGw|k|b]zsf ;a} hg;'ljwf cfˆgf] clwgdf u/L ToxfFaf6 Joj;flos kmfObf p7fpgsf nflu vr{ u/]sf] xf] .Ú

o; eJo:t/sf] ljZj ;fdflhs d~rnfO{ Pp6f kIfaf6 …ljZjsf Psk|sf/sf ljåfg\x¿sf] dfluvfg] efF8f]Ú eGg] cf/f]k klg nfu]sf] 5 . >lds, u/La–u'jf{, ckx]lnt / zf]lift hg;d'bfosf] gfddf of] d~rsf stf{wtf{x¿n] 7"nf7"nf bftfx¿af6 k};f p7fO{ gf6s u/]sf] cfIf]k nufOPsf] 5 . o; d~rsf] ;ef ;Fu;Fu} o;;Fu c;Gt'i6x¿sf] csf]{ ;dfgfGt/ ;ef …d'DaO{ /]lh:6]G;– @))$Ú sf] cfof]hg ul/of] . …;fdflhs d~rn] s'g} k|:tfj kfl/t u/]g, s'g} 3f]if0ffkq hf/L u/]g lsgls o;n] ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] dd{nfO{ a'´g} ;St}gÚ eGb} d'DaO{ /]lh:6]G; n] cfˆgf] 3f]if0ffkq hf/L u¥of] . …blntx¿sf] SofDk kfOvfgf glhs hfgLa'‰L agfOPsf] lyof]Ú, …ljsnfËx¿nfO{ 7Ls;Fun] efulng lbOPgÚÙ …ljZj cfly{s d~rnfO{ ax'/fli6«o sDkgLn] / ljZj ;fdflhs d~rnfO{ 7"nf PghLcf]n] vfPÚ eGg] h:tf cf/f]kx¿ n5]k|} 5g\ . blIf0f clk|msL GofofwLz l;/fh b]zfO{dfly cfˆg} 6f]nLdf cfPsL dlxnfn] nfPsf] anfTsf/sf] cf/f]kn] d~rsf] csf]{ kIf klg b]vfof] .

ljZj ;fdflhs d~rn] s'/f dfq} ug{] ls ljZj Jofkf/Ls/0fsf] lj/f]wdf v'Nnf d}bfgdf n8\g] klg < ax'/fli6«o sDkgL, k|hftGqsf] ktg u/fpg] zlQmx¿ / ;fd|fHojfbL tTjx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{sf] nflu o; d~rsf] OR5fzlQm / …:6«f6]hLÚ vf]O{ t eGg] k|Zg klg w]/}n] ug{ nfu]sf 5g\ .
t/ klg of] d~rn] hfu[lt eg] NofpFb}5, Pslqt ub{{{{}5 . cfˆgf] /fi6«leq cfˆg} ;/sf/n] leœofPsf] ljZjJofkLs/0f gLltsf] ;fy{s lj/f]w ug{ kSs} klg ;lhnf] 5}g . ;/sf/sf] lj/f]wdf n8\g] ls ax'/fli6«o sDkgLsf] lj/f]wdf < cd]l/sfsf] lj/f]w ug]{ ls, cd]l/sfnfO{ lgDTofpg] 3/]n' oGqtGqsf] < /fi6«, k//fi6«, ;/sf/ / afXo tfst ldNb} uPsf] o; ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] e'd/Ldf c‰} slt kf}8L v]Ng] <
k|tLIff u/f}F, ax; ev{/} z'? ePsf] 5 .