;'/Iff vr{ ‰g\‰g\ a9\bf]

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] oxL ! df3b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfdf ^ xhf/ $ ;o gofF b/aGbL l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . of];Fu} rfn' cfly{s jif{df ;]gfdf ylkPsf] gofF kbsf] ;ª\Vof ( xhf/ ( ;o k'u]sf] 5 . o;cl3 dª\l;/sf] bf];|f] ;ftfdf jif]{gL l/Qm x'g] !# ;o b/aGbL ;d]t ufe]/ #% ;o b/aGbL ylkPsf] lyof] .
;]gfsf] b/aGbL yKg] lg0f{o ePsf] nuQ}Ù ( df3df ;z:q k|x/L ann] b'O{ a6flnog …kmf];{Ú yKg ;/sf/;Fu ?=@ s/f]8 ^$ nfv / !% ;o gofF b/aGbL dfu u/]sf] 5 .

!! dª\l;/ @)%* df dfcf]jfbL lj?4 kl/rflnt x'Fbf zfxL ;]gfdf s/La %) xhf/ b/aGbL lyof] eg] of] cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Dddf of] ;ª\Vof &( xhf/ k'Ub}5 . To:t} tLg jif{cl3 ( xhf/ b/aGbL lnP/ u7g ePsf] ;z:q k|x/L ansf] kl5Nnf] dfu k'/f x'Fbf o;sf] ;ª\Vof !& xhf/ % ;o k'U5 . clxn] o;df s/La !^ xhf/ hjfg 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL lj?4 ;]gf kl/rfng ul/Pkl5 hgky k|x/Lsf] cfsf/ eg] a9]sf] 5}g .
;]gf / ;z:q k|x/Ldf cfly{s jif{ )%&÷%* otf l;h{gf ul/Psf s/La $) xhf/ gofF b/aGbLsf sf/0f b]zsf] ;'/Iff ah]6 ;f] cf=j=sf] t'ngfdf ^#=$) k|ltztn] a9]/ ?=( ca{ %% s/f]8af6 ?=!% ca{ ^) s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . o; jif{sf] ;'/Iff ah]6 -?=!%=^ ca{_ d'n'ssf] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg -hL8LkL ?=$ va{ ^& ca{_ sf] #=#@ k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 h'g cfly{s jif{ )%&÷%* df @=$& k|ltzt dfq} lyof] .

cfly{s ;Gt'ngsf lx;fan] ;'/Iff vr{ s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] @ k|ltzt gf£g'nfO{ c:jfefljs 7flgG5 . cfGtl/s /fh:jaf6} e/k'/ ug'{kg]{ clxn]sf] a9\bf] ;'/Iff vr{ wfGg d'n'ssf] /fh:j j[l4b/ @) k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf x'g'k5{, h'g clxn] !$ k|ltzt dfq} 5 . kl/0ffdtM ;/sf/n] lzIff, :jf:Yo If]qdf x'g] vr{ s6fP/ tyf C0f lnP/ of] vr{ wfGg] u/]sf] 5 .

;'/Iff ah]6 a9\b} hfFbf, ljZj AofÍ, cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]ifnufotsf ;+:yfx¿n] g]kfnnfO{ lbg] C0f tyf cGo bft[ d'n'ssf] cg'bfg ;xof]udf k|ToIf c;/ kg{ yfN5 . ltgn] C0f ;xof]u lbg yk zt{ /fV5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]ifn] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] @=@ k|ltzt /x]sf] ah]6 3f6f / !@ k|ltzt ;fwf/0f vr{nfO{ cfufdL # jif{df qmdzM !=% k|ltzt / ^ k|ltztdf ‰fg]{ sa'n u/fPkl5 dfq xfn} >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ u/LaL lgjf/0f ;xof]u shf{ -kLcf/P;;L_ cGtu{tsf] ?=%=%@ ca{ C0f lbPsf] 5 . n

g]kfnd} aGof] df]6/;fOsn
sl:ds loªofª df]6/;fOsn Dofg'–ˆofSrl/ª\ sDkgLn] klxnf] k6s g]kfnd} df]6/;fOsnsf] pTkfbg u/L laqmL z'? u/]sf] 5 . P;cf]O{ ;d"xsf] of] sDkgLsf] gjnk/f;L, ab{3f6l:yt sf/vfgfdf !)) / !@% l;;Lsf df]6/;fOsn pTkfbg x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . oL df]6/;fOsnsf] ahf/ d"No ?=^) xhf/ / ?=&% xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . rLgsf] rf]lu+u loªofª ;fOG; P08 6]Sgf]nf]hL sDkgLsf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf lgld{t oL df]6/;fOsndf xfn ljB'tLo tyf 6«fG;ld;gsf ;+oGqx¿ u/L !% k|ltzt dfq} :yfgLo pTkfbg k|of]u ePsf] 5 . afFsL kf6{k'hf{x¿ rLgaf6 cfoft ul/Psf] 5 . P;cf]O{ ;d"xsf cWoIf cf/kL k|wfgsf cg';f/ g]kfnsf ljleGg pBf]ux¿nfO{ df]6/;fOsnsf kf6{k'hf{ agfpg sDkgLn] k|]l/t ug{ yfln;s]sf] 5 . k|wfg eG5g\, æKnfli6ssf ljleGg kf6{k'hf{x¿ tyf 6\ofÍL, Xof08n h:tf ;+oGqx¿ agfpgsf] lglDt k~rsGof ;d"x nufotsf k|lti7fg;Fu s'/f eO/x]sf] 5 .Æ jflif{s !) xhf/ df]6/;fOsn pTkfbg ug]{ Ifdtf /x]sf] of] sf/vfgfdf ?=!) s/f]8 nufgL ePsf] 5 / !@) hgfn] k|ToIf /f]huf/L kfPsf 5g\ . n

gofF rsn]6
eujtL sGkm]S;g/L k|f=lnn] kfFr j6f gofF a|f08sf rsn]6sf] laqmL ljt/0f z'? u/]sf] 5 . xfn ;a}lt/sf] ahf/df pknAw ;]n]i6L, jfON8, ldNs dd, ld 6' / kfOn6 a|f08sf rsn]6x¿ cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf ePsf] bfaL sDkgLsf] 5 . eujtL sGkm]S;g/L g]kfnsf] cfw'lgs / 7"nf] rsn]6 pBf]u xf] . n

;w}F ‰}F Sofg OGkmf]6]s
sDKo'6/ / ;"rgfk|ljlw ;DaGwL d]nf …Sofg OGkmf]6]sÚ sf] bzf}F ;+:s/0f (–!$ df3df /fhwfgLdf ;DkGg eof] . ;w}F ‰}F s]xL gofF pTkfbg, gofF ;ˆ6j]o/ / cfO6L sn]hsf :6nx¿ o;k6s klg d]nfdf b]lvP . o; k6ssf] d]nfdf g]6jls{ªsf pks/0fx¿, g]6jls{ª pks/0f /fVg] ¥ofs …nGrÚ ul/Psf lyP . ;fy} tLg j6f OG6/g]6 k|bfos ;+:yfx¿ ds{G6fon, efofg]6 / jN8{lnÍn] OG6/g]6 ;]jf …a|f]8Jof08 ;le{;Úsf] ;'?cft u/] . …a|f]8Jof08Ú af6 OG6/g]6 rnfpg 6]lnkmf]g rflxFb}g . d]nfsf] csf]{ cfsif{0f, Ps jif{cl3;Dd ?=$)–%) xhf/ kg]{ l8lh6n kmf]6f] lk|G6/x¿ ?=!*–@) xhf/df pknAw x'g'/Xof] . n

lx6f / kf]i6 sf] d"No–o'4
cª\u|]hL b}lgs lxdfnog 6fOD; -lx6f_ n] sflGtk'/ klAns]zgnfO{ p;sf] cª\u|]hL b}lgs b sf7df8f}F kf]i6 -kf]i6_ sf] d"No ?=$ af6 36fpg afWo kf/]/} 5f8\of] . ?=@ df b}lgs !@ kfgfsf] cª\u|]hL klqsf -lx6f_ kfPkl5, gofF;Fu} k'/fgf kf7s klg cfslif{t x'Fb} uPsf] cg'ej s]xL ;docl3b]lv g} ul/Fb} cfPsf] lyof] . lx6f nfO{ kf]i6 sf] kf7sLo hu c¿ a9L v:sfpg glbg sflGtk'/ klAns]zgn] ! df3df ck‰{6 kf]i6 sf] d"No ?=!=%) df ‰fl/lbof] . kf]i6 sf] k'/fgf] ;fvsf sf/0f cfˆgf] d"No ?=@ df /fVg afWo lx6f n] kf]i6 sf] d"No 36fPsf]df ;DkfbsLo n]v]/ sflGtk'/ klAns]zgnfO{ æ:ofaf;LÆ klg lbof] . t/ To;sf] df/ eg] c¿ s;}nfO{ geO{ p;}nfO{ dfq kg]{ lyof] . To;} eP/ lx6f n] …l5§} g} kf7sx¿nfO{ yk cfsif{0f / ;'ljwf lbg]Ú 3f]if0ff tTsfn} u¥of] . lx6f sf] gofF …ckm/Ú n] kf]i6 sf] d"No s6f}tLnfO{ lg/y{s kfl/lbg] ;Defjgf sflGtk'/ klAns]zgn] tTsfn} b]Vof] . lx6f sf s]xL kfgf lrKnf] sfuhdf 5fKg] of]hgf aGb}5 eGg] ufOFu'OF yfxf kfP/ x'g;S5, sflGtk'/ klAns]zgn] !@ 306fleq} kf]i6 sf] rf/ k]h -l;6L kf]i6_ To:tf] sfuhdf 5fKg] lg0f{o u¥of] / To;lglDt hubDaf k|];;Fu ;D‰f}tf klg u¥of] .

lrKnf] sfuhdf 7"nf] cfsf/sf klqsf 5fKg] j]a ckm;]6 d]l;g hubDafafx]s /fhwfgLdf pknAw gePsf sf/0f x'g;S5 lx6f n] dËnaf/ dfq To:tf] k[i7 yk]sf] 5 . t/ cfKsf k|sfzg kf]i6 ;Fu ;lhn} xf/ dfGg] d"8df b]lvFb}g . p;n] kf]i6 sf k|sfzsx?nfO{ dfq geO{ cfd kf7snfO{ ;d]t ;'vb\ ‰6\sf lbg] u/L lx6f sf] d"No ?=! df ‰f/]sf] 5 .

oL /ËLg cª\u|]hL b}lgsx¿ ?=! / !=%) df sltlbg;Dd kf7sn] lsGg kfpg] x'g\ eGg] cg'dfg ug{ sl7g 5 . t/, Pscsf{sf] 3fF6L g} lgrf]g]{ txsf] of] d"No–o'4n] b'j} k|sfzgsf] vNtL rflxF lgs} xn'sf kfl/lbg] lglZrt 5 . of] o'4af6 k|ToIf nfe rflxF tL klqsfsf kf7s / k|];nfO{ ePsf] 5 . n

Xo'08fOsf] u]6\h
;g\ @))# sf] …a]i6 ah]6 sf/Ú sf] ¿kdf lrlgPsf] Xo'08fO df]6/sf] kl5Nnf] pTkfbg u]6\h sf/ sf7df8f}Fsf] ahf/df cfPsf] 5 . P;cf]PrP; cNkmf l;l/hdf clws[t laqm]tf PEsf] O06/g]zgndfkm{t\ g]kfn lelqPsf] !#$! l;;Lsf] u]6\hdf kfj/ :6]ol/ª, kfj/ lj08f], On]lS6«s kfj/ ld//, l/o/ :KjfOn/, l8–k|mf]i6/, ;]06«n 8f]/ nlsª;Fu} c¿ ;'ljwf klg yKg ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . n

dfpG6 Pe/]i6 gofF Kofsdf
>L l8i6Ln/Ln] …dfp06 Pe/]i6 lXj:sLÚ gofF Kofsdf ahf/df NofPsf] 5 . :s6Nof08sf] dfN6 :sr / pTs[i6 OPgPsf] ;lDd>0faf6 agfOPsf] of] lXj:sLÙ dlb/f kf/vLx¿df‰ l56} nf]slk|o x'g] ljZjf; sDkgLsf] 5 . &%), #&% / !*) ldnLsf] af]tndf pknAw dfp06 Pe/]i6 lXj:sLsf] ahf/ d"No qmdzM ?= #$#, !&^ / () tf]lsPsf] 5 . n

k|fËfl/s v]tLsf nflu PraL !)!
hfkfgsf] k|fËfl/s ;fdu|Lsf] pTkfbs ˆnf]/f s+= ln= åf/f pTkflbt PraL !)! g]kfnL ahf/df pknAw x'g yfn]sf] 5 . lqsf]0f :jf:Yo kmfp08]zg k|f=ln= dfkm{t\ lelqPsf] PraL !)! sf] pkof]u kmnkm"n, km"nx¿, af]6lj?jfx¿nfO{ 9';L tyf sL/faf6 arfpgsf lglDt ug{ ;lsG5 . PraL !)! sf] k|of]un] s[lif pTkfbg #) k|ltzt;Dd a9fpg ;lsg] bfaL sDkgLsf] 5 . ljZjJofkL ¿kd} k|fËfl/s v]tL k|lt rf;f] a9\b} uPsf] a]nfdf g]kfn lelqPsf] PraL !)!, ;o / kfFr;o ldnLsf ;fy} Ps, kfFr, bz / aL; ln6/sf efF8fdf pknAw 5 .

uËf t]n
lqj]0fL u|'kn] cfˆgf] gofF pTkfbg tf]/Lsf] t]n uËf sf] laqmLljt/0f z'? u/]sf] 5 . sDkgLsf cg';f/ ztk|ltzt z'4 tf]/Laf6 lgld{t lk|ldod a|f08sf] uËf t]nsf] ahf/ d"No k|lt ln6/ ?= !)) tf]lsPsf] 5 .

s'df/L AofÍsf] O–k] ;]jf
Sofg OGkmf]6]s @))$ sf] cj;/ kf/]/ s'df/L AofÍn] O–Aoflͪ cGtu{t …O–k]Ú cyf{t\ O06/g]6af6 aLn cflbsf] e'QmfgL ug]{ gofF ;]jfsf] yfngL u/]sf] 5 . O–k] dfkm{t\ AofÍsf u|fxsx¿n] kmf]gsf] lan, :s"n÷sn]hsf] kmL, aLdf sDkgLsf lk|ldod cflbdf ug'{kg]{ e'QmfgL 3/df cyJff clkm;d} a;]/ O06/g]6dfkm{t\ ug{ ;S5g\ . t/ o;lglDt ;f] AofÍdf cfˆgf] vftf eg] x'g'k5{ .

t]h l;d]06
wg'iffl:yt s;d; l;d]06 O08li6«hn] t]h a|f08sf] %# u|]8sf] cf]lk;L l;d]06 ahf/df NofPsf] 5 . Snf]h ;ls{6 ldnaf6 pTkflbt of] l;d]06sf] u'0f:t/ cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] ePsf] bfaL sDkgLsf] 5 .