| ædflQPsf]
a"9f] e"sDknfO{ kftf s;fF}Æ
@ df3 !(() ;fnsf] e'OFrfnf] &) jif]{ a"9f] eO;s]sf] 5 .
…e"sDk lbj;Ú eg]/ clxn] xfdL ToxL …a"9fÚ
sf] &! cf}F hGdlbg dgfpFb}5f}F .
of] a"9f] uhasf] 5, ;lD‰of] ls 8/ nfU5 . t/ lal;{of]
eg] t ‰g\ ljTof; g} kf5{ . of] dflQPsf] 5 . hxfF
klg cfpg vf]H5, gcfOh eGg ;lsFb}g . 3l/ ;fgf] ?k lnP/, 3l/
dWod ?k lnP/, slxn] of] 7fpFdf slxn] Tof] 7fpFdf, slxn] d'n'sleq
slxn] aflx/ htftt} cfP/ o;n] xfdLnfO{ hlxn] klg t;f{Psf] t;f{Ps}
5 . ;fgf]ltgf] ¿kdf of] cfpg' t l7s} klg x'G5Ù
lsgeg] o;n] xfdLnfO{ ;D‰fpF5, x]/ x} d …a"9f]Ú
eP klg tu8f 5', ltdLx¿n] d]/f] Vofn ug'{k5{ eg]/ . ca
o:tf] a"9f]nfO{ s] ug]{ < :jfut ug]{ ls
gug]{ < :jfut gu?F t hah{:tL klg cfpF5, :jfut u?F nfdf] ;dosf]
tof/L rfxG5, w]/} s'/fsf] ljrf/ ug'{k5{ .
()
;fnsf] e'OFrfnf]sf e'Qmef]uLx¿
cldgf afg', &^
jif{
d OGb|rf]ssL x'F . ^ jif{sL lyPF . !) jif{sL lbbL;Fu
5tdf v]ln/x]sL lyPF, PsfPs ;a}yf]s xlNng yfNof] . 3/sf]
5fgf] k'/} elTsof] . e¥ofË klg elTsPsf] lyof],
t/ bfh'n] h]gt]g tn cf]/fNg'eof] . xfdLn] au}Frfd} !%
lbg latfof}F, oy]i6 vfg]s'/f lyPg . c¿n] xfdLnfO{
;xof]u u/] .
/fdrGb|nfn hf]zL,
() jif{
;fgf] kl/jf/ lyof], a'af, alxgL / ddfq} . e'OFrfnf] cfpFbf
d k;ndf lyPF . t'n;LbfOn] tfg]/ aflx/ Nofpg'eof] .
3/x¿ pTkft} xlNn/x]sf lyP . sDkg ;lsPkl5 xfdL
3/lt/ bf}8\of}F . d]/L alxgL :t'kdf al;/x]sL lyOg\, a'af
klg cfpg'eof], t/ t'n;LbfOsf] d[To' eof] . xfdLn] Ps
dlxgf v'nf 7fpFdf a:g' k¥of] . !% lbgkl5 km]l/ csf]{
‰6\sf cfPsf] lyof] . ;/sf/af6 kfFr jif{df ltl/;Sg]
u/L 3/ agfpg C0f kfof}F .
cfzf/fd wfVjf,
&* jif{
d cf7 jif{sf] lyPF, kl/jf/sf] PSnf] ;Gtfg klg . d k;naf6
rsn]6 lsg]/ k;n]sL 5f]/L;Fu} aflx/ cfpFb} lyPF, cfkm"nfO{
OF6f / sf7sf] lkNn/df r]lkPsf] kfPF . dnfO{ of] e'OFrfnf]
xf] eGg] yfxf ePg . k;n]sL 5f]/L lsg r'krfk 5] eg]/ cfZro{df
k/]F . dnfO{ tLg 306fkl5 lgsflnof], t/ d;Fu}sL s]6L eg]
dl/g\ . Tof] 36gfn] d]/f] dgdf ulx/f] 5fk 5f8]sf] 5 .
To:t} csf]{ e"sDk uof] eg] pkTosfsf () k|ltzt 3/x¿
elTsg]5g\ .
dLgfs'df/L cj:yL,
*# jif{
d !# jif{sL lyPF . ljjfx e};s]sf] lyof], lqz"nLdf
a:y]F . xfd|f] 3/ g/fd|/L elTsof], d]/f] >Ldfgsf]
klxnL >LdtLsf] d[To' eof] . t/ lqz"nLdf Tolt
w]/} gf]S;fg ePg .
hf]u/fh ah|frfo{,
($ jif{
d / d]/f a'af l8NnLahf/sf] :6'l8of]df lyof}F . xfdL aflx/
lg:Sof}F / b]Vof}F, 3/x¿ xlNn/x]sf lyP . w'n}w'nf]
p8]sf] lyof] . afUdtL wldlnPsf] / kfgLsf] ;tx tLg lkm6
dfly p7]sf] lyof] . dËnahf/df /x]sf] xf]gfrfsf]
k;n elTsof], ToxfF /x]sf @@ hgf u|fxsx¿ ;a} d/] .
rf/}lt/ d[tsx¿sf] nf;}nf; lyof] . xfdL 3/sf] sf7sf]
;xfotfn] kfn 6fFu]/ a:of}F .
cGtjf{tf{÷tl:a/M d'lbtf ah|frfo{ |
Pp6f dfG5] jf Pp6f ;+3;+:yfn] PSn} o;sf] x]/ljrf/ ug{ c;Dej g} x'G5 .
lsgeg] of] kflQPsf] a"9f] c3f]/L klg xf] . hxfF lalu|Psf]
5, hxfF a]lylt 5, ToxLF a9L lauf/ ug{ k'U5 . o;n] s'lxPsf],
eTs]sf] s'/f a9L dg k/fpF5 . of] crDdsf] 5 .
slxn]sfxLF of] chËsf] eP/ xfdLnfO{ ‰:sfpF5 . h:tf]
% ebf} @)$% ;fndf of] pbok'/ d's'{Rr]]nfO{ s]Gb|ljGb' agfP/ b]vf
k¥of] . zfob Toltv]/ cln sd ef]sfPsf] /x]5Ù &@!
hgf dflg; dfq vfof] . Tof] jif{ d'n'sn] h] hlt wg/flz hf]xf]
-pTkfbg_ u/]sf] lyof]Ù To;sf] Ps rf}yfO{ c+z cfwf ldg]6d}
lglnlbof] . t/ cfhsn of] eGb}5Ù …x]/ x} d Tof]eGbf
a9L ef]sfPsf] x'g;S5' .Ú ca o;nfO{ s] ug]{ < o;sf]
k|sf]kaf6 aFRg] Pp6} pkfo xf]Ù o;nfO{ dg gkg]{ vfgf cyjf
kl/l:yltsf] lgdf{0f . o;n] d'VotM sdhf]/ 3/, k'n, c:ktfn, vfg]kfgLsf
nfOg cflb ef}lts ;+/rgfx¿ vfg] u5{ / To:tf ;+/rgf elTsPkl5
cfOkg]{ ljklQsf] ;fdgf ug]{ tof/L gu/L a:g]x¿nfO{ a9L lk/f]N5 .
ef}ule{s cfFvfn] x]bf{ e"sDk hfg] k|lqmof / lxdfno kj{t aGg]
k|lqmof Pp6} xf] . c‰ :ki6;Fu eGg'kbf{ e"sDk hfg]
ePs} sf/0f lxdfnsf] hGd ePsf] xf] / of] hLjGt /xg ;s]sf] xf] .
e"sDkn] g} lxdfnnfO{ ;w}F o'jfj:yfdf /fv]sf] xf] . o;sf
;fy} xfd|f] h}ljs jfg:klts, hftLo, eflifs / ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf cflb
;d]t lxdfn aGg] ToxL k|fs[lts k|lqmofsf b]g x'g\ . cyf{t\ lxdfnsf]
lgdf{0f a]nfa]nfdf kflQg] ToxL e"sDkn] u/]sf] xf] . lxdfn–kj{t
e"sDksf] Oltxf; xf] . e"sDk ghfFbf] xf] t xfdL;Fu
lxdfn–kxf8 s]xL klg x'Fb}gYof], xfd|f] d'n's klg Pp6f ;kf6
d}bfgdf x'GYof] . lxdfn ljgf g]kfnsf] cfhsf] :j?ksf] sNkgf
ug{ ;lsGg . lxdfn gx'Fbf k|fs[lts, ef}uf]lns, h}ljs, eflifs,
;f+:s[lts cflb ljljwtf x'Gy]g . clg s] x]g{ ko{6s cfpFy] xf]nfg\
/ < t;y{ e"sDkn] g]kfnLnfO{ u'g klg nufPsf] 5 .
e'OFrfnf] cfpF5, o;nfO{ /f]Sg ;lsGg . slxn], s'g lbg, s'g a]nf
s'g 3/df cfpF5 cg'dfg ug{ ;lsFb}g . o;nfO{ xfd|f] OR5f cg';f/
rNg ;Sg] agfpg c;Dej 5 . t/, xfdLn] o;n] vfg g;Sg] ;fdfg /flvlbof}F
eg], o;n] eTsfpg g;Sg] ;+/rgf agfof}F eg] of] xfd|f] xftdf x'G5
/ o;n] xfdLnfO{ ;do–;dodf lbg] u/]sf] ‰6\sfsf] gf]S;fgL
sd ug{ ;lsG5 . of] e"sDk eg]sf] cgf}7f] …hGt'Ú
xf] . alnof] d'n'sdf 7"n} eP klg gf]S;fgL sd u5{ .
dfG5] db}{gg\ . t/ sdhf]/ d'n'snfO{ r8\sf lbG5 . h;n]
o;nfO{ lal;{O{Ù tof/ ePsf] x'Fb}g, ToxfF o;n] b'b{zf NofpF5 .
o;n] slxn] ;+;f/el/ cftÍ km}nfpF5 . ;g\ !((( df 6sL{df
ljWj+; u¥of,] To;kl5 plk|mP/ tfOjfg k'Uof] . ef/tdf o;n]
() sf] bzssf] z'?df dxf/fi6«nfO{ tx;gx; agfof] . ePe/sf]
;+/rgfnfO{ Wj:t tyf s/La @),))) dflg;nfO{ dfl/lbof] . To;kl5
pQ/ rdf}nL / xfn;fn} u'h/ftdf k|s6 eO{ ;Sbf] x'd{t lnof] / cl:t
ev{/ O/fgsf] afddf uof] . o;/L x]bf{ e'OFrfnfn] g]kfn dfq xf]OgÙ
e"dWo;fu/ / lxdfno If]q aLrsf ljleGg d'n'sleq k:bf hxfFhxfF
sdhf]/L km]nf kf5,{ eTsfOxfN5 . o;n] xfd|f] 3/df Pp6f dfq sdLsdhf]/L
kfof] eg] To;nfO{ lxsf{O{ xfNb5 . slt ;an 5 eg], of] cfpF5
hDdf Ps ldg]6 jf Tof]eGbf sd ;dosf nflu / s;sf] 3/df s'g sdhf]/L
5 / s;sf] 3/df s] cJojl:yt 5, To;nfO{ eTsfOxfN5 . 3/leq klg
cfpF5, 6f]n zx/d} cfpF5, gu/kflnsfnfO{ xfG5 cyjf cln 7"nf]
cfof] eg] /fi6«nfO{ g} xfG5 .
of]
s:tf] cgf}7f] 5 eg] o;n] cfkm}F dfG5] dfb}{g t/ o;n] 3/ eTsfP/ To;af6
lsrfO{ dflg;x¿sf] xft, v'§f tyf 9f8 efFlrlbG5 .
e'OFrfnf]sf] cfxf/f dfG5] xf]Og . p;sf] cfxf/f t 3/ cflb ;+/rgfx¿
g} x'g\ . p;n] sdhf]/ 3/ / c:ktfn eTsfOlbG5 clg To; leqsf dflg;Ù
/f]uL / 8fS6/nfO{ dfl/lbG5 . e'OFrfnf] cfpFbf 3/sf lkn/ jf
kvf{n 9N5g\Ù ‰'l08/x]sf k+vf, aQL, v:5g\Ù lah'nLsf]
nfOg ;6{ x'G5, k'n eTsG5 / log} sf/0fn] dflg; dfl/G5g\Ù 3fOt]
x'G5g\ . Toltdfq xf]Og, o;n] b"/;~rf/sf tf/x¿ tx;gx;
ul/lbG5 / v]tLkftL klg gf]S;fg kfl/lbG5 . 7"nf] cfly{s
Iflt;Fu} sf/f]af/ ;d]t aGb u/fOlbG5 e"sDkn] . sf7df8f}F
aflx/Ù t/fO{df o;n] o;/L df6f] lgrf]5{Ù XjfnXjfNnL
leqsf] kfgL aflx/ n]bf] eP/ lg:sG5 . Ogf/nfO{ afn'jfn] k'l/lbG5,
xft]snsf kfOkel/ afn'jf sf]lrlbP/ kfgL cfpg aGb u/fOlbG5 .
;8sdf 7fpF–7fpFdf vfN8f / lr/f kfl/lbP/ oftfoft rNg lbFb}g,
vfg]kfgLsf] af]l/ª u/]sf] kfOknfO{ efFrL lbg;S5 / vfg]kfgLsf
…g]6js{Ú g} vQd kfl/lbg ;S5 . o;}u/L kxf8df klx/f]
NofOlbg ;S5, cfunfuL ug{ ;S5 . uf]bfddf /flvPsf hlt;'s} vt/gfs
/;fog kbfy{ klg kf]lvlbG5 . c:ktfndf /flvPsf cf}iflwsf ¥ofs
9fnL ;Dk"0f{ cf}iflwx¿ gi6 kfl/lbg ;S5 .
e'OFrfnf]n] c:ktfnnfO{ klg Iflt kf5{ g} . To;}n] c:ktfnn] cfˆgf]
;+/rgf elTsof] eg] s] ug]{ eg]/ klxn] g} ;f]r]sf] x'g'k5{ .
To:t} c:ktfnsf] kfgL, lah'nL, 6]lnkmf]g, clS;hg, Uof; cflbsf] cfk"lt{
Joj:yfdf e'OFrfnf]n] s;/L c;/ kfg{ ;S5 eGg] af/] ;f]r]/ tL ;d:of
;dfwfg ug{ x/bd tof/ eP/ a:g'k5{ . cyf{t\ hu]8f vfBfGg, cf}iflw
/ vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ .
xfn;fn}sf]
Ps cg'dfg cg';f/ @ df3 !(() ;fnsf] hq} e"sDk sf7df8f}Fn] km]l/
a]xf]g{' k/]df sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf $),))) dflg;sf] plQg} v]/ Hofg
hfg ;S5 . Tolt w]/} nfzsf] bfx;+:sf/ s;/L ug]{, s;n] ug]{ <
tL afx]s (),))) JolQm 3fOt] x'G5g\ . tL 3fOt]nfO{ cf}iflwsf]
;fy} dNxdk§Lsf] Joj:yf s;/L ug]{, s;n] ug]{ < /, Tof] s;sf]
lhDd]jf/L xf] < To:tf] e"sDkn] c:tJo:t kfg]{ sf7df8f}Fsf]
vfg]kfgL Joj:yf dd{t ug{ ‰08} tLg dlxgf;Dd nfUg ;S5 .
kfgL geO{ g la/fdL afFRg ;S5 g ;4] afFRg ;S5 . To;sf nflu 6f]n6f]ndf
kfgLsf] hu]8f jf ljsNksf] Joj:yf ug'{ k¥of] . sDtLdf tLg
lbg;Dd lah'nL cfpg ;Sb}g, To;sf nflu d}gjQLsf] hf]xf] x'g' k¥of] .
k;nx¿ aGb x'G5g\ t;y{ cfˆgf] 3/ leq sDtLdf klg tLg lbgnfO{
k'Ug] vfg]s'/fsf] aGbf]a:t ug'{ k¥of] . t/ of] ;a} s;n]
ug]{ < hjfkm ;Lwf 5M ;a}n] cyf{t\ x/]s JolQm, kl/jf/Ù
6f]n, j8f, gu/kflnsf, uflj;, lhlj;, c:ktfn, ljefu / dGqfno cflb
;a}sf] lhDd]jf/L xf] of] . oL ;a}nfO{ lhDd]jf/L jxg u/fpg]
/ cfkm"n] klg lhDd]jf/L lng] s]Gb|Lo txdf 5'§} ljefu jf
dGqfnosf] vfFrf] klxn]b]lv g} /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . o;df tTsfn cfjZos
Joj:yf ug'{ h?/L 5 .
csf]{tkm{ Tof] ljs/fn ;d:of cfpg'eGbf klxn] xfdLn] s] ug]{, xfd|f]
zx/nfO{ s;/L alnof] kfg]{ cflb s'/fsf] nflu cs}{ Pp6f Joj:yf jf
;+oGq cfjZos 5 . To; ;+oGqdf 1fg, k|ljlw, lj1fgsf] pko'Qm k|of]u
ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . o; ;DaGwL lzIff rflxG5, cg';Gwfg ug'{k5{ .
lzIff / cflh{t 1fgsf] pkof]u ug]{ jftfj/0f klg agfpg'k5{ .
g]kfndf e"sDkn] 3/ eTsfP/ dfG5] df5{ eg] 3/x¿nfO{ alnof]
agfpg' k¥of] . sdhf]/ 3/ aGg lbg'ePg, lsgeg] 9Ng ;Sg] sdhf]/
3/n] 3/wgLnfO{ dfq dfg]{ geO{ l5d]ssf] /fd|f] 3/;d]t eTsfO{ lbg;S5 .
eTs]sf] 3/ ;8sdf y'k|]/ /fxtÙ p4f/ tyf PDa'n]G; cfudgnfO{
cj?4 kfbf{ afFRg ;Sg] 3fOt]x¿ pkrf/ gkfP/ dg{ ;S5g\ .
t;y{ 3/ agfpg] k|lqmofsf] x]/ljrf/ ug]{ gu/kflnsfn] sdhf]/ / hf]lvdk"0f{
3/ agfpg lbg'ePg . gS;fkf; ubf{v]/L e"sDkLo b[li6sf]0fn]
alnof] 3/ dfq kf; ug'{k¥of] . gS;fkf; u/]kl5 3/ agfpFbf
pQm gS;f o; ;DaGwL 1fg ePsf k|fljlwsx¿åf/f kf; ul/Psf]
x'g'kg]{ s'/f 3/wgL nufot gu/kflnsfnfO{ klg 1fg x'g'k¥of] .
3/wgL;Fu o;f] ug]{ OR5f / r]tgf Pj+ gu/kflnsf;Fu gS;f hfFRg] ;+oGq
x'g'k¥of] . gS;fsf] k|lqmof k"/f ePkl5 lgdf{0fsf]
qmddf klg 3/wgL;Fu} gu/kflnsfn] klg ljrf/ ug'{k¥of] ls gS;f
cg';f/sf] 3/ alg/x]sf] 5 ls 5}g . u'0f:t/Lo lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf]
plrt k|of]u ;'lglZrt ul/g'k¥of] . cflv/Ù alnof]
3/ agfP/ g} xfdLn] e"sDksf] kftf s:g ;Sg] xf] .
e"sDkaf6 x'g] Iflt sd ug{ jf u/fpg ;a}n] cf–cfˆgf]
lhDd]jf/L dx;"; ug'{ h?/L 5 . o;nfO{ Pp6f /fli6«o
lhDd]jf/Lsf] ¿kdf lnOg' k5{ . o:tf] lhDd]jf/L e"sDkLo
hf]lvdsf nflu dfq geP/ ljrf/ k'¥ofpg ;lsg] cGo ;a} vfnsf k|sf]k
Go"gLs/0fdf klg nfu" ug{'k5{ . ;j{k|yd, o; ;DaGwL
lgod–sfg'g agfOg'k5{ . k|sf]k Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL o:tf
lgod–sfg"gn] ;a} k|sf/sf ljsf; sfo{qmdnfO{ ;d]6\g'k5{ .
b]z ljsf;sf c7f]6d} k|fs[lts k|sf]k Go"gLs/0fsf] l;4fGt / sfo{qmd
;dfj]z ePsf] x'g'k5{ . xfd|f ljsf; cfof]hgf jf ;+/rgfn] hf]lvd
yk]sf t 5}gg\ eg]/ rgfvf] /xg'k5{ . e"sDkn] eTsfPsf] k'n
jf c:ktfn cfkm}Fdf Iflt xf] . t/ Ifltu|:t ;+/rgfn] k|sf]k hGo
cj;/sf] a]nf sfd ug{ g;Sbf yk hgwgsf] Iflt x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 .
e'OFrfnf] hfg] qmd Ps ldg]6eGbf sdsf] x'G5 / /fxt tyf p4f/ ug]{
sfo{ a9Ldf @–# lbgsf] x'G5 . To;kl5 k'g:yf{kgsf] a]nf
hDdf Ps–b'O{ dlxgf jf a9Ldf Ps jif{ x'G5 . k|sf]kkl5
xfdL yfxf kfpF5f} ls sxfF s] sdL sdhf]/L ePsf /x]5g\ . of]
;dodf ul/g] sfo{nfO{ k|sf]k Go"gLs/0fsf] sfo{ elgG5 .
o; ;DaGwL hfgsf/L /flvG5 . e"sDk ;DaGwL cWoog tyf o;sf]
k|efjsf af/]df lrGtg ug{ yflnG5 .
§ o;/L Go"gLs/0fsf qmddf klxrfg ul/Psf sdL sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{
s]nfP/ e"sDkn] lgDTofpg] ljklQsf] ;fdgf ug{ ul/g] Ifdtf clej[l4sf
sfo{nfO{ …k"j{ tof/LÚ elgG5 . tTkZrft\ 3/
bx|f] jf alnof] agfpg'k5{ eGg yflnG5 . ejg lgdf{0f ;+lxtf nfu"
ug]{ s'/f k|f;lËs aG5 .
o;nfO{ …k|fs[lts k|sf]k Joj:yfkg rqmÚ eGg] gfd lbg
;lsG5 . of] rqm jf k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ ;Dk"0f{
/fi6«nfO{ g} Psh'6 ug'{k5{ . hf] hf] JolQm of] rqmdf
;dfj]z x'Fb}gg\ jf x'g rfxFb}gg\, k|sf]kn] pgLx¿nfO{ g} a9L
k|xf/ u5{ . k|sf]k kZrft\sf] u/LaL, ef]ssf] ;fdgf pgLx¿n]
ug}{ k5{ . u/LaLsf] a]nfdf ag]sf pgLx¿sf 3/ km]l/ klg
sdhf]/ aGg ;S5g\ . Pp6f 3/ sdhf]/ x'gf;fy Tof] ;dfh sdhf]/
x'G5 / ;dfh sdhf]/ x'gf;fy l;Ëf] b]z g} sdhf]/ x'g hfG5 .
xfdLn]
of] k|sf]ksf] rqmsf ;a} -rf/ j6}_ v08nfO{ plQs} dxŒj lbg'k5{ .
To;lglDt plrt k|sf/sf] ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f h?/L 5 .
k"j{ tof/Lsf kmfObfaf/] 6sL{sf] Pp6f ;fgf] pbfx/0faf6 w]/}
yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . e"uf]n ljefusf :gftsf]Q/ txsf kfFr ljBfyL{x¿n]
ljZjsf lxd>[ª\vnf r9\bf lxdklx/f]sf nflu ug'{kg]{ …k"j{
tof/LÚ ;DaGwL cEof; u/] . k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] ;dodf s]
s] ug'{ k5{Ù s] ug{'x'Gg eGg] s'/fx¿ l;s] . s]xL
jif{cl3 6sL{sf] Ohldt eGg] zx/df e'OFrfnf] hfFbf tLdWo] rf/ hgf
To; zx/df lyP / pgLx¿ cfˆgf] ToxL 1fgsf] cfwf/df tTsfn
/fxt tyf p4f/ sfo{df h'6] . lj:tf/} lj:tf/} c¿x¿n]
klg pgLx¿;Fu sfd l;s], pgLx¿n] eg]adf]lhd ug{ yfn] .
x'Fbfx'Fbf pQm 36gfsf] t];|f] jf rf}yf] lbg t /fHosf cfktsfnLg Joj:yfksÙ
k'ln; tyf ;]gfn] klg cfkm"n] NofPsf p4f/ / /fxtsf ;fdfgx¿
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