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;Dks{ sfof{nosf] gfpFdf dfcf]jfbLx¿n] cl3Nnf] ;ftfb]lv l;+xb/af/sf] k"j{kl§ cgfdgu/df cf}krfl/s sfof{no vf]n] . bf];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{kl5 dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLsf g]tfx¿sf] af]nL klg cln g/d eP/ uPsf] cg'dfg x'g yfn]sf] 5 . jftf{sf] ;kmntfk|lt b'j} kIfsf s]xL jftf{sf/x¿ ljZj:t b]lvG5g\ . o; lx;fan] d'n'sdf ca :yfoL zflGt :yflkt x'g] cfzf knfpg'kg]{ xf] . t/, To;f] x'g eg] ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLsf bfaLx¿ kTofpg sf]xL tof/ b]lvFb}gg\ .

c¿sf] s] s'/f, b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltdf ;xhstf{ lgo'Qm ePsf kb\d/Tg t'nfw/ Pj+ bdggfy 9'Ëfgf ;d]t s"6gLlts efiffdf jftf{sf] ;kmntfk|lt ckTof/ k|s6 ul//x]sf 5g\ . k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] WofpGg a]Un} 5 . tL jt{dfg ;+ljwfgnfO{ lqmofzLn t'Nofpg hgcfGbf]ng ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ / b'O{ ;z:q zlQm– dfcf]jfbL / k|ltudgsf/Lx¿–sf] d]ndf if8oGqsf] uGw kfO/x]sf 5g\ . gful/s ;dfh tyf g]kfnsf bftf /fi6«x¿n] dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/aLr sfod /x]sf] cGtå{Gå sd x'g;Sg] cfwf/ km]nf kfg{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . o:tf] c:ki6tf / cndnsf afah"b klg jftf{ tfls{s 6'Ëf]df k'uf];\ / d'n'sdf zflGt :yflkt xf];\ eGg] rfxgf ;a}df Jofks 5 .

;Gtf]if dfGg] 7fpF
jftf{sf] ult dGb /x] klg k|ult eg] clxn];Dd ;Gtf]ifk|b g} 5 . jftf{sf] cfrf/;+lxtf, ;xhstf{sf] dgf]gog / b'j} kIfnfO{ cg'udg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f jftf{ k|lqmofsf dxŒjk"0f{ r/0f x'g\ / tL ;kmntfk"j{s kf/ ul/Psf 5g\ . cfˆgf aGbL 5'6fpg], zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfdfly cª\s'z nufpg] / cfˆgf sfo{stf{nfO{ lgjf{w cfjfudgsf] 5'6 lbnfpg] h:tf pknlAwx¿ dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLsf lglDt sd pNn]Vo xf]Ogg\ . csf]{lt/ dfcf]jfbLsf] xToflx+;f lgoGq0fdf /flv/fVg ;Sg' ;/sf/L jftf{ 6f]nLsf] ;kmntf g} dfGg'k5{ . t/ d"n k|Zg eg] clxn] klg hxfFsf] ToxLF 5– s] oxL jftf{ k|lqmofdfkm{t\ dfcf]jfbLx¿ /fli6«o /fhgLltsf] d"n k|jfxdf cfpF5g\ < o; k|Zgsf] tfls{s hjfkm s;};Fu klg 5}g, ;a}n] cf–cfˆg} lsl;dsf JofVof ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
Psyl/sf] /fodf jftf{sf] gfpFdf eO/x]sf] clxn]sf] o'4lj/fd ‰g} eLif0f le8Gtsf] k"j{ tof/L dfq xf] . sd/]8 k|r08x¿ c‰} e"ldut /xg' / dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] rGbf cftÍ / ckx/0fsf 36gfdf s'g} sdL gcfpg'nfO{ pgLx¿n] To:tf] ;Í]tsf] ¿kdf cYof{pg] u/]sf 5g\ . csf]{lt/ zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] cfqmfds z}nLdf klg s'g} lsl;dsf] kl/jt{g cfPsf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . t/ d"nwf/sf dWodfuL{ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] 7x/ eg] leGg} 5 . ltgsf cg';f/ d'n'sdf r/d jfd / r/d blIf0fkGyL u7hf]8sf] vt/f a9]/ uPsf] 5 . k|fof]lht gf}6ÍL h:tf] nfUg] jftf{ ;~rfng x]bf{ …leq–leqÚ jf …dfly–dflyÚ s'/f ldln;s]sf] zÍfnfO{ lg/fwf/ eg]/ kG5fOxfNg ldNg] cj:yf 5}g .
;a}yl/sf /fhgLlts zlQmx¿sf] cfk;L zÍf pkzÍfsf] t'jfFnf]n] 9flsPsf] sf/0f jftf{ ;kmn t'Nofpg s;n] s] / s;/L of]ubfg ug]{ eGg] dxŒjk"0f{ d'2f clxn] cf]‰]ndf kg{ uPsf] 5 . ljZjf;sf] ;Í6n] ubf{ sf]xL klg Ps–csf]{nfO{ …zÍfsf] nfeÚ lbg rfxFb}gg\ . jftf{ k|lqmofdf hdfgL a:g] aflx/L zlQm s'g} gePsf] x'Fbf åGåsf ;a} kIfx¿aLr ;xdlt vf]Hg] bfloTj ;d]t åGå/t ;d"xx¿s} sfFwdf 5 . o:tf lj;Ëlt / cGof}nn] ubf{ d'n'ssf] eljio lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsg] o'4lj/fdsf] jt{dfg cj;/ st} v]/ hfg] t xf]Og eGg] 8/ x6\g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .

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/fhf jL/]Gb|sf] j+zgfz ePsf] !( h]7 @)%* sf] gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08;Dd klg dfcf]jfbL ;Í6sf] ;xL ulx/fO{ sd} cfsng u/]sf lyP . of] dfcf]jfbLsf] ;z:q ljb|f]x k|hftGq lj?4 dfq nlIft 5 eG7fg]/ b/afl/ofx¿ l;x+b/af/lt/ cf}Fnf 78\ofpFb} v'lRrË uy]{ . Pdfn] nufot cGo jfdkGyL bnx¿df dfcf]jfbL ldqzlQm aGg ;Sb5g\ eGg] e|d JofKt lyof] . g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf g]tfx¿ slxn] ljb]zL if8\oGq b]Vby] eg] slxn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ b/af/sf] xltof/ ag]sf] cf/f]k nufpFy] . /, k|df0f jf tfls{s JofVofsf] v8]/Ln] ubf{ hgtf rflxF dfcf]jfbL ;Í6nfO{ cf–cfˆgf] ;'ljwf cg';f/ cYof{pFy] .

ufpF3/lt/ dfcf]jfbL cftÍsf] k|efjn] ubf{ htftt} df}gtf JofKt lyof] . zx/ahf/sf x'g]vfg]x¿ dxFuf] …rGbfÚ lt/]/ ;'/Iff lsg]/ a;]sf lyP eg] ;fdfGo JolQmx¿sf nflu dfcf]jfbLsf] gfpF c¿x¿nfO{ t;{fpg] ;lhnf] …VofsÚ aGg k'u]sf] lyof] . s;};Fu lrQ a'‰]g eg] …o:tfnfO{ dfcf]jfbL nufP/ 7Ls kfg'{kg]{Ú l6Kk0fL sf7df8f}Fdf ;d]t ;fdfGo x'g yfln;s]sf] lyof] . 3/df aRrfn] vfhf vfg lsrlsr u¥of] eg] …vfp gfgL vfp, geP dfcf]jfbL cfOk'u] eg] km]l/ ===Ú eGg yflnPsf] lyof] . o:t} efj a'‰]/ xf]nf, afa'/fd e§/fO{ ;txdf …k|s6Ú ePkl5 6f]kL vf]n]/ b]vfpg afWo eP -x]= tl:a/_, ænf} x]g'{;\, d]/f l;+u pd|]sf 5}gg\ ÛÆ

/fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] /fHof/f]x0fkl5 dfcf]jfbLx¿ pu| x'g yfn]sf x'g\ . To;kl5 lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] /flhgfdf, z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] lgo'lQm, tLgr/0f;Ddsf] ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbL jftf{, bfª Jof/]sdflysf] cfqmd0f, ;Í6sfnsf] 3f]if0ff, ;+;bsf] ck|Toflzt lj36g :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] sfo{sfnsf] cGTo, g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf] ljefhg / k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg :yug;Ddsf /fhgLlts 36gfx¿ s'g} hf;";L pkGof;sf kfgf‰}F tLa| ultdf plN6Fb} klN6Fb} uP . ha !* c;f]h @)%( sf lbg /fhfaf6 æ/fhsLo ;Qfsf] k|of]uÆ :jljj]sdf eof], clg dfq yfxf eof] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& sf] ckl/jt{gLo k|:tfjgfsf] klxnf] a'Fbfsf] hu slt sdhf]/ /x]5 eg]/ . hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf aGws k/]sf] k"0f{ k|df0f eg] @% c;f]hdf nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] k|wfgdGqLsf] kbdf lgo'lQm xf] .

/fhfåf/f u7g ul/Psf] / /fhfk|lt dfq pQ/bfoL rGb ;/sf/Ù lj3l6t ;+;bsf s'g} klg /fhgLlts bnnfO{ :jLsfo{ 5}g . /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{n] ;/sf/nfO{ ;dy{g u/] klg lgMzt{ :jLs[lt eg] lbPsf] 5}g . cfˆg} bnsf] lgb]{zgnfO{ cj1f ub}{ kbdf al;/xg ?rfPsf ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf cWoIf ab|Lk|;fb d08n kf6L{ km'6fpg afWo eP . d"nwf/sf ;a}h;f] bnx¿ zfxL 3f]if0ffaf6 z'? ePsf] …k|ltudgÚ pN6fpg cfGbf]ngdf nfu]sf 5g\ . t/, cfZro{ Û dfcf]jfbLx¿ eg] /fhgLlts g}ltstfsf b[li6sf]0fn] …cflwsfl/sÚ / …cf8Da/LÚ ;/sf/ aLrsf] km/s 5'6\ofpg c;dy{ b]lvFb}5g\ .

lgsf;sf] ;Defjgf
clxn] Psflt/ /fhf / /fhgLlts bnx¿aLrsf] åGå rls{Fbf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL jftf{ ;':t ultdf hf/L 5 . …;Gt'i6 u'nfd kl/jt{gsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] lj/f]wL x'G5Ú eGg] egfO 5 . z/brGb| zfxsf] ;Ifd ;Nnfxdf ;~rflnt nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] ;/sf/ km]g{ dfcf]jfbLx¿ OR5's 5}gg\ . To;}n] dfcf]jfbLx¿n] dfu k"/f x'g] ;DaGwdf kfPsf] …cfZjf;gÚ nfO{ xn'sf] dfGg ldNb}g . b/afl/ofx¿n] cflwsfl/s lgb]{zgnfO{ …dflyaf6Ú eGg] u5{g\ eg] dfcf]jfbLn] …6f9faf6Ú . …dflyÚ / …6f9fÚ leGbfleGb} w'/Lsf laGb'x¿ klg x'g;S5g\ / Pp6} lbzfsf klg . t/ h] eP klg oL b'O{yl/ zlQm ljGb'nfO{ ;/n /]vfn] hf]8\g] k|of; z'? eO;s]sf] cfef; kfpg yflnPsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLsf k|jQmf s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fsf] ;fj{hlgs cleJolQmnfO{ kTofpg] xf] eg]Ù zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] ca Aof/]s jl/kl/ kfFr lsnf]ld6/sf] kl/ldlt -k]/Lld6/_ gfF£g kfpg] 5}g . HofldtLo ;"q -cw{Jof;Ökl/ldlt÷@ŠkfO{_ cg';f/ ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL ;xdltsf] of] a'Fbf sfof{Gjog x'g] xf] eg] zfxL ;]gfsf hjfgx¿n] r'/f]6–;'kf/L lsGg klg Ps lsnf]ld6/ eGbf 6f9f hfg kfpg] 5}gg\ . t/ ;+;bLo bnx¿sf] lj/f]wdf plqg slQ klg ws gdfGg] ;}lgs clws[tx¿ cfˆg} sfo{If]q lgolGqt x'Fbf cfZro{hgs ¿kn] ;+oldt b]lvP . of] Psbd} rfvnfUbf] kIf xf] . /fHosf] ;z:q ansf] Jojxf/df b]lvPsf] of] lj/f]wfef; leq cj;/ jf r'gf}tL h];'s} n's]sf] x'g ;Sb5 .
;/sf/ jf p;sf] jftf{ 6f]nLsf] o:tf] lg0f{o st} /fhfk|lt dfq pQ/bfoL rGb ;/sf/n] 3'F8f 6]Sg nfu]sf] ;Í]t t xf]Og eGg] zÍf pTkGg x'G5 . s';L{df l6ls/xg h] klg ug{ pBt x'g] dgf]gLt ;/sf/sf] dgf]dfgLsf] lzsf/ zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] dgf]an x'g k'Uof] eg] of] ljjfbf:kb ;xdlt ;fFlRrs} b'ef{Uok"0f{ 7xl/g] 5 .

;]gfsf] sfo{If]q ;ª\s'lrt ug]{ lg0f{osf] ;sf/fTds k|efj dfcf]jfbLx¿åf/f xftxltof/ kl/Tofu ug]{ ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ffaf6 k|s6 x'g ;Sb5 . sf]nlDaof, Pn ;fNef8f]/ / e]g]h'Pnfsf ;z:q ;ª\3if{x¿ jftf{af6 6'ª\Uofpg] qmddf ;aeGbf klxn] tL ;a} /fi6«sf ;/sf/n] cfˆg} ;z:q anx¿nfO{ o;}u/L lgolGqt u/]sf lyP . To;sf] abnfdf ;z:q ljb|f]xLx¿ xftxltof/ la;fpg tTk/ ePsf lyP . s] To;f] eP leqleq …s'/f ldln;s]sf]Ú ahf/ xNnf oyfy{k/s 5 t < zfob 5}g, lsgeg] ;z:q ljb|f]xLx¿nfO{ jftf{åf/f d"nwf/df Nofpg ;kmn cGo /fi6«x¿h:tf] hgpQ/bfoL ;/sf/ g]kfndf 5}g . jt{dfg dlGqd08nsf lg0f{ox¿nfO{ d"nwf/sf /fhgLlts bnx¿n] :jLs[lt glbg] xf] eg] tL ;xdlt–;d‰bf/Lx¿ …sfuhsf] vf]:6fÚ eGbf a9L s]xL /xg] 5}gg\ .

dfcf]jfbLx¿n] a'´g'kg]{ s'/f s] xf] eg] cufl8 kms]{/ oyf:yfgdf gcfP;Dd cu|udg ;Dej 5}g . blIf0f kms]{/ sfzL lxF8]sf] k|ltudgsf/L ;/sf/n] pQ/sf] s'QL k'¥ofpg sbflk ;Sb}g . 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{ r9]sf] Oltxf;sf] uf8L clxn] k5fl8lt/ kms]{sf] 5 . To;nfO{ ;Lwf lbzflt/ df]8\g] d"nwf/sf bnx¿sf] k|of;df dfcf]jfbLx¿ ;xof]uL ePgg\ eg] tL cGttM Oltxf;sf] kfbl6Kk0fLdf ;Lldt x'gk'Ug] ;Defjgf ljBdfg /xG5 . h'g;'s} zflGt jftf{sf] k|fylds zt{ lhDd]jf/ ;]gf, k|x/L / k|zf;gdf k"0f{ lgoGq0f /x]sf] cflwsfl/s hgpQ/bfoL ;/sf/ xf] .
…dfcf]jfbÚ sf] gfpFdf pbo ePsf] hgtfsf] zlQmnfO{ To;} v]/ hfg lbg' klg csf]{ P]ltxfl;s e"n ;fljt x'g]5 . Tof] zlQmsf] hu]gf{ / ;fy{s pkof]u ug]{ bfloTj d"nwf/sf /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] klg xf] . d'n'ssf] Oltxf;sf ;ft d"Nojfg jif{x¿ / ‰08} *))) g]kfnLx¿sf] cd"No /utsf] hudf plePsf] dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xnfO{ To;sf g]tfx¿n] k|ltudgsf] d"lt{sf cufl8 aln r9fPsf] b[Zo 6'n'6'n' x]/]/ a:g] /fhgLltsdL{x¿n] ToxL alnj]bLdf cfˆgf] kfnf] s'g'{ ;/x x'g]5 . lj=;+= @)$^ ;fnsf pknlAwx¿nfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{ k|hftGqLs/0fsf lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g ;lsPg eg] dfcf]jfbL ;Í6sf] aLpaf6 ‰g} ljWj+;s / c/fhs zlQmx¿sf] hGd x'g] lglZrt 5 . k|ltudgsf lj?4 rfn" cfGbf]ngdf dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ lgz:q ¿kdf ;xefuL u/fpg ;lsof] eg] csf]{ Pp6f ;z:q ljb|f]xL ;d"xnfO{ d"nwf/sf] /fhgLltdf ;+:yfut ug]{ cGt/f{li6«o sLlt{dfg :yflkt x'g]5 .

;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL jftf{nfO{ tfls{s lgsf; lbg] k|fylds lhDd]jf/L eg] c‰} klg >L % 1fg]Gb|s} xf] . cfkm"åf/f dgf]gLt ;/sf/sf ;a} ;kmntf–c;kmntfsf nflu /fhf PSn} lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . hgpQ/bfoL ;/sf/sf] u7g, hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] gf;f] hgtfnfO{ g} lkmtf{ / /fh;+:yf Pj+ zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stflGqs ;+:yfs/0f clxn] ;a}sf] ;fd"lxs sfo{;"rL aGg] qmddf 5 . hgtfsf] o; Ph]08fnfO{ /fhfn] 6fg{ t ;S5g\, t/ kmfNg eg] pgn] klg ;Sb}gg\ . PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf] /fh;+:yf c7f/f}F ztfAbLsf] ;fdGtL kf/fdf w]/} lbg;Dd rnfpg ;lsFb}g . /fhfsf k|ltlglwx¿ Pj+ dfcf]jfbLsf aLr s'g} ;xdlt sfod eof] g} eg] klg To;nfO{ hg:jLs[ltsf] cflwsfl/stf lbg] ;+oGq :yflkt geP;Dd To:tf] ;xdltsf] s'g} /fhgLlts cy{ x'g] 5}g .
cljZjf; / cgflwsf/sf] e'd/Laf6 ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL jftf{nfO{ hf]ufpg ;lsPg eg] lbuf] zflGtsf] vf]h ‰g} c/fhs ljWj+;x¿sf] k|tLIff dfq 7xl/g] lglZrt 5 .