;ª\If]k
xltof/ kfPklg Hofg hf]luPg

r]tg/fh afGtjf .

ufpFn]nfO{ xltof/ lbP/ dfcf]jfbLsf] k|ltsf/df ptfg]{ ;/sf/L gLltsf] eofjx kl/0ffd cfpg yfn]sf] 5 . Onfd, r'nfr'nLsf] …zflGt;'/Iff ;'zf;g ;ldltÚsf cWoIf $% jifL{o r]tg/fh afGtjfnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] !) r}tdf bds ahf/df lbgbxf8} uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]/ pgsf] k]:tf]n n'6]sf 5g\ .

o;cl3 @$ k'; @)%( df 3/d} cfP/ dfcf]jfbLn] cfqmd0f ubf{ …;z:q k|ltsf/Ú u/]/ afFr]sf lyP . ;fdfGo s[ifs afGtjfsf] d[To'kl5 >LdtL / tLg 5f]/L;lxtsf] kl/jf/ ;xf/fxLg tyf k|ltsf/ ;d"x g]t[TjljxLg ePsf 5g\ . afGtjfn] k|ltsf/ ;d"xsf] g]t[Tj ug{ yfn]b]lv g} >Ldfg\ / ufpFsf] ;'/IffnfO{ lnP/ 6Lsfdfof lrlGtt b]lvlGyg\ . xTofcl3 dfcf]jfbLn] >Ldfg\nfO{ af/Daf/ dfg]{ wDsL k7fpg] u/]sf] 6Lsfdfofn] lxdfn nfO{ atfPsL lyOg\ . geGb} pgL dfcf]jfbLs} uf]nLsf] lzsf/ eP .

‰fkfsf] bds gu/kflnsfb]lv ;ft lsnf]ld6/ pQ/ / Onfdsf] blIf0f–klZrd e]udf kg]{ r'nfr'nLsf] hg;ª\Vof #% ;o hlt 5 . @)%& ;fn cl3;Dd dfcf]jfbLs} ks8 /x]sf] o; 7fpFdf kl5 dfcf]jfbLn] cfˆg} kf6L{df nfu]sf ufpFsf o'jfx¿nfO{ ;d]t b'Mv lbg yfn] . e"tk"j{ ;}lgsx¿sf] afx'No /x]sf] r'nfr'nL If]qsf afl;Gbf;Fu dfcf]jfbLn] 3/df ePsf xltof/ dfUg], ga'‰fpg]nfO{ n'6\g]–lk6\g] / k|lt/f]w ug]{nfO{ ;kmfof ug]{ r]tfjgL lbg] u/]sf lyP . ;'/Iff lgsfosf] pkl:ylt g/x]sf] r'nr'nLsf] kftnf] a:tLdf dfcf]jfbLsf] …hgsf/afxLÚ tLj| x'Fb}uof] . @)%& ;fndf cd/, z'qm, cldt / clht /fO{nfO{ ckx/0f u/]/ dfcf]jfbLn] ufpFdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ xltof/ a'‰fpg] wDsL lbPkl5 ufpFn]n] dfcf]jfbLsf Pl/of sdf08/ t'n;L g]kfn;lxt ^ hgfnfO{ sAhfdf lnP/ cfˆgf dfG5]nfO{ 5'6fP . t/ To;kl5 klg dfcf]jfbLsf] HofbtL /f]lsPg . xs{dfg tfdfËsf] tLg /f]kgL hUuf vf];]/ v8\uaxfb'/ v8\sfnfO{ lbP, eft gv'jfPsf] cf/f]kdf gf/b vltj8fnfO{ d/0ff;Gg x'g]u/L s'6] / sflhdfg >]i7nfO{ ckx/0f u/] . To;kl5 dfq ;Ël7t k|ltsf/ x'g yfn]sf] xf] .

cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf ;fy afGtjf .

ufpFsf !# b]lv ^% jif{;Ddsf dflg;x¿ xltof/ af]s]/ u:tLdf lxF8\5g\ . lgoldt u:tLdf lxF8\g] !* jifL{o Ps o'jsn] k|ltsf/ gu/] 3/}df cfP/ s'6lk6 ug]{, n}hfg] 8/n] o;f] ug'{ k/]sf] atfP . slxn]sfxLF ufpFn]]x¿;Fu} ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff kmf}h klg u:tLdf lxF8\g] u/]sf] 5 . ut k';sf] cGTolt/ ;'/Iff kmf}hn] pgLx¿;Fu ldn]/ kfFrlbg] sf/afxL klg u/]sf] lyof] . @)%& ;fnd} ;Ël7t ePklg zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] ^ dª\l;/df ;fy lbPkl5 ;f] ;d"x …zflGt ;'/Iff ;'zf;g ;ldltÚ sf gfddf r]tg/fh afGtjfsf] cWoIftfdf !# ;b:oLo sldl6 u7g ul/Pkl5 ;zSt ag]sf] lyof] .

k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfåf/f !* sflQs @)^) df 3f]lift …u|fdL0f :jo+;]js ;'/Iff ;d"x Pj+ zflGt ;'Joj:yf ;ldltÚsf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ s/La 8]9–b'O{ dlxgf otf dfq r'nfr'nLsf] k|ltsf/ ;d"xnfO{ xltof/ / tflnd lbg yflnPsf] lyof] . ;d"xnfO{ ;/sf/n] ;3fPsf] af/] afGtjfsf] egfO lyof], æxfdLn] of] u7g gul/sg hgtfsf] ;'/Iff x'g] cj:yf lyPg . ;+:yfut ug]{, btf{ ug]{ s'/fdf lhNnf k|zf;gdf xfdLn] s'/f u¥of}F . k|lhcn] ;]gfaf6 dfq xf]nf, xfdLaf6 x'Fb}g eg]kl5 xfdLn] o;nfO{ rf/cfnLsf s/;fanfO{ eg]/ a6's u0fdf btf{ u/L j}wflgstf kfof}F .Æ

r'nfr'nL k|ltsf/ ;d"xsf o'jfx¿;Fu afGtjf .

afGtjf dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ dfg}{ k5{ eg]/ geO{ cfˆg} ;'/Iffsf nflu xltof/ af]s]sf] atfpFy] . sDd/df ;/sf/af6 kfPsf] k]:tf]n le/]/ lxF8] klg pgL eGg] ub{y], æxfdLn] af]s]sf] xltof/ c¿nfO{ dfg{ xf]Og cfˆg} ;'/Iffsf] nflu xf] .Æ t/, )%& ;fnb]lv cfˆg} ana'tfdf 3/]n' xftxltof/ tyf e?jf–s6'jf aGb's af]s]/ dfcf]jfbLsf] k|ltsf/ ul//x]sf] r'nfr'nLsf] ;d"x ;/sf/L xltof/ kfPkl5 ljjfbdf klg kb}{ cfPsf] lyof] . ;ldltsf s]xL ;b:ox¿;lxt afGtjf sf7 t:s/Ldf ;lqmo /xg yfn]sf] ph'/L k|x/Ldf k/]sf] lyof] . xTofsf] s]xL lbgcl3 dfq} pgsf] xltof/wf/L ;d"xsf HofbtLaf/] cjut u/fpg bds gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v /fd yfkf;lxtsf] Ps k|ltlglwd08n Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no k'u]sf] lyof] .

;ldltdf /x]sf afGtjf;lxt Psyl/ o'jfx¿ ;/sf/af6 kof{Kt xltof/ / tflnd lng'k5{ eGg] kIfdf lyP eg] csf{yl/ ;'/IffsdL{ a]nfa]nfdf cfP/ ;Fu;Fu} u:tLdf lxFl8lbP / va/ ubf{ cfpg] u/] ;/sf/L xltof/ cfjZos gkg]{ ljrf/ /fVby] . xltof/ lng] kIfsfx¿ zflGt x'g]lalQs} ;a} xltof/ a'‰fpg] atfpF5g\ . :yfgLo o'jf s'df/ vjf; zflGt ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]G6L eP xltof/ a'‰fpg cfkm"x¿ tof/ /x]sf] atfpFb} eG5g\, æzflGt eP xfdLnfO{ xltof/sf] sfd 5}g, ;/sf/nfO{ a'‰fOlbG5f}F .t/, xfdLnfO{ uf]nL xfGg] sfd eof] eg] rflxF a'‰fpg ;Sb}gf}F .Æ

• 8Da/s[i0f >]i7

au}Frfdf snf–;flxTo

O6x/L rf]saf6 ;f9] b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ pQ/klZrd kr?vL / a|Xdk'/sf] aLrdf Pp6f sfJojfl6sf aGb}5 . ljleGg snfsf/x¿åf/f l;h{gf ul/Psf ;flxlTos lje"ltx¿sf k|ltdf, snfs[lt, Vofltk|fKt sljx¿sf sljtf jf sljtfsf c+zsf] lznfn]v / ljleGg hflt–hghfltsf k/Dk/fut /Lltl/jfh ‰lNsg] j:t'x¿ /xg] ;f] jfl6sf snfsf/ ljqmd>Lsf] of]hgf cg';f/ lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] xf] . jfl6sfsf] lgdf{0fdf :yfgLo hgtfsf ;fy} gu/kflnsf, g]kfn jftfj/0f kqsf/ ;d"x, jftfj/0f ;xof]u sf]if, /fli6«o hgpTyfg s]Gb|, Knfli6s ‰f]nf lgoGq0f cleofg ;d"x cflb u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ .

:yfkgf ePsf] Ps jif{df oxfF >Lv08, a]n, ?b|fIf, ;fn, ;lt;fn, vo/, cfFksf la?jf tyf ;Nnf], w"kL, rDkf, rd]nLsf km"nx¿ /f]lkPsf 5g\ . jfl6sfsf] cfwf efudf :yfgLo ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] /f]k]sf la?jfx¿ 5g\ eg] afFsL efudf snfsf/ ;"o{axfb'/ s];L, d]3/fh cz]if, g/]z y'n'ª / afa'nfn zdf{sf snfs[lt, df]/ªsf] pQ/L e]usf] vf]nfaf6 NofOPsf] Pp6f snfTds 9'Ëf /flvPsf] / rf}aL;} 306f clj/n kfgL cfO/xg] wf/fx¿ ufl8Psf] 5 . yf¿ ;d'bfosf] k/Dk/fut z}nLnfO{ cg';/0f ul/Psf] afF; / k/fnsf] sfJozfnf klg agfOPsf] 5 .

sfJojfl6sfdf snf / ;flxTosdL{x¿sf] >4f~hnL :df/s, snf ;ª\u|xfno, afnpBfg / k|j]zåf/ cflb lgdf{0f ul/g] qmddf
5g\ . u'?s'n k/Dk/f cg'?ksf] d"lt{snf tflnd klg ;~rfng eO/x]sf] jfl6sfdf k|lzIffyL{x¿åf/f lgld{t d"lt{x¿ klg /flvg] sfJojfl6sf ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf ljqmd>L atfpF5g\ .

• s[i0fljgf]b nD;fn

/f]Nkfsf] ;Lk bfªdf

b'O{ jif{cl3 /f]Nkfaf6 bfªsf] b'w]gf ‰/]sL #* jifL{of eb|snf 3tL{ t'n;Lk'/ kz'awzfnf 5]psf] au/df kmflnPsf] e]8fsf] pg a6'Nb} /f8L, kfvL, sDan, k5\of}/L a'g]/ / efªsf] 8fF7sf ‰f]nf nufotsf ;fdfg agfP/ hLjgofkg ul//x]sL 5g\ .
eb|snfn] /f]Nkfdf agfPsf ;fdfg g]kfnu~h, sf7df8f}F / ljb]z ;d]t hfGy] . oxfF pmg kfpg / ;fdfg laqmL ug{ ufx|} eP klg cfˆgf] ;Lk hf]ufpg kfPsf] tyf b'O{–rf/ k};f cfDbfgL ug{ ;s]sf]df pgL v'zL l5g\ . ufpF–gu/ ;f‰]bf/L sfo{qmdåf/f lgld{t kz'awzfnfn] ubf{ kmflnPs} eP klg Ps} 7fpFdf pmg kfOPsf]n] eb|snfnfO{ cln ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . pgn] clxn];Dd ?=@ ;ob]lv % xhf/;Dd kg]{ !@) yfg ;fdfg a'lg;s]sL l5g\ . t'n;Lk'/ gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t t'kmfgl;+x s];L o;/L kmflnPsf] j:t'sf] ;b'kof]u ug]{ eb|snf 3tL{h:tf dlxnfx¿nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g'kg]{ atfpF5g\ .

• /]vfs';'d

lrtjgdf af3 a9]
sf]xL xlif{t sf]xL ql;t

lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hdf af3sf] ;ª\Vof a9]sf]df ;+/If0fjfbLx¿ xlif{t / lgs'~h j/k/sf afl;Gbf ql;t 5g\ . ut tLg dlxgfdf dfq} af3n] lrtjgsf ljleGg ufpFx¿df !( hgfnfO{ df/]sf] 5 .

af3n] !) r}tdf s7f/sf dfgaxfb'/ df]QmfgnfO{ 3/}df cfqmd0f u/]/ a]kQf kf/]sf] 5 . o;cl3 ( r}tdf s'd/f]hsL kfFr jifL{of aflnsf k'gd u'?ª dfl/Og\ . af3 cfqmd0faf6 ut k';otf lbJogu/sf k|]dk|;fb ;'j]bL, sf}lzNof kl/of/, /fddl0f lj8f/L / gGbnfn kf}8]n, cof]Wofk'/Lsfdfwj clwsf/L, la|hdfg tfdfË, 1fgaxfb'/ tfdfË, ;Gtaxfb'/ k|hf, 9f]nfnL kl/of/, t'naxfb'/ k|hf, nfn' l/dfn / t'n;f sfˆn], auf}8fsf lvdfgGb e"iffn / dLgf kl/of/ d]3f}nLsf :ofgf s'dfn tyf sNof0fk'/sf sdnf cfrfo{ / klxrfg x'g g;s]sf Ps JolQm dfl/Psf 5g\ . dg]{x¿ k|foM hËndf cfl>t u/La ls;fg kl/jf/sf x'g\ . æ;+/If0f dfgj lxts} nflu xf] eGg] s'/f lgs'~h k|zf;g / dWojtL{ If]q Joj:yfkg ;ldlt b'j}n] a'‰]sf 5}gg\ . pgLx¿ dflg;nfO{ eGbf jGohGt'nfO{ dxŒj lbG5g\,Æ lgjt{dfg lhlj; ;b:o nLnfw/ cfrfo{sf] u'gf;f] 5 .

zfxL lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h / dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf] k|of;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k r}tdf lbJogu/df Pp6L al3gLnfO{ lgu/fgL /fVg] qmddf …/]l8of] sn/Ú nufOPsf] / s'd/f]h / s7f/sf] aLrdf tyf df8Ldf b'O{ j6f af3 dfl/Psf 5g\ . æPs k6s dfG5] vfPsf] af3n] kl5 klg dfG5]s} lzsf/ ug{ vf]Hg] x'gfn] lhpFb} ;dft]/ lrl8ofvfgfdf n}hfg] cyjf uf]nL xfg]/ dfg]{afx]s csf]{ ljsNk 5}g,Æ sf]ifsf jl/i7 k|fljlws lji0f' nfdf atfpF5g\ . s]xL jif{cl3 lgs'~h;Fu} hf]l8Psf] gjnk/f;Lsf] ab{3f6df @%–#) hgf / df8Ldf (–!) hgf dfg]{ b'O{ j6f af3nfO{ klg uf]nL xfg]/ dfl/Psf] lyof] .

plrt Joj:yfkg gu/] ;g\ @))) ;Dddf ljZjaf6} af3 nf]k x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf cf}+NofOPsf] a]nf ;f]xL jif{ ul/Psf] u0fgfdf lrtjgdf !)& j6f af3 km]nf k/]sf lyP . æt/ ;ª\Vof w]/} eP/ af3n] dfG5] df/]sf] xf]Og . cs:dft\ hDsfe]6 ePsf]df afx]s cGoq cfxf/ vf]Hg g;Sg] 3fOt] / c;Qm af3n] dfq dfG5]nfO{ cfqmd0f ub{5,Æ lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf k|d'v ;+/If0f clws[t lzj/fh e§sf] egfO 5 . jGohGt'ljb\ /fdlk|t ofbj gofF–gofF 7fpFdf af3 b]vfkg'{ v'zLsf] s'/f eP klg lgs'~h k|zf;gn] jGohGt' / dfG5]aLrsf] åGå Joj:yfkg ug{ g;s]sf] atfpF5g\ .

jGohGt'–dfG5]sf] åGå sd ug{ lgs'~hdf hgtfsf] lge{/tf 36fpg], hn / hldgsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ cflb p2]Zon] u7g ePsf] dWojtL{ If]q Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cfˆgf] sfddf ;kmn x'g;s]sf] 5}g . lgs'~h ;/f]sf/ ;d"xsf cWoIf ljho ;'j]bL eG5g\, æ;ldltn] lgs'~haf6 cfpg] cfDbfgLsf] klg ;b'kof]u ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . kLl8tnfO{ kof{Kt Ifltk"lt{ lbP/ ar]sf] /sd dfq ;fd'bflos ljsf;df nufpg' kg]{df o;}df a9L vr{ eO/x]sf] 5 . jGohGt'af6 dfl/Psf JolQmsf] kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt / 3fOt]nfO{ pkrf/ vr{ sd 5 . afnLgfnLsf] aLdf nfu"

ePsf] 5}g .Æ ;ldltn] jGohGt'af6 dfl/Psf kl/jf/nfO{ ?=@% xhf/ / 3fOt]x¿nfO{ a9Ldf ?=!) xhf/;Dd cfly{s ;xof]u ub{5, afnLgfnL gf]S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbFb}g .

• hgs cof{n

a]kQf >Ldfgx¿sf] vf]hLdf >LdtLx¿

bfª, a]nf–@, s6a]?jfsf ljkGg / ;'s'Djf;L kl/jf/sf oL dlxnfsf -x]= tl:a/_ b'O{ jif{cl3 ;'/IffsdL{n] ;dft]/ nu]sf >Ldfgx¿sf] clxn];Dd s'g} cQf]kQf] 5}g . OG;]ssf] …dfgjclwsf/ jif{ k':ts–@))#Údf pgLx¿ nIdLk'/sf] d;f}6 k'n glhs} dfl/Psf pNn]v 5, t/ cflwsfl/s lgsfon] s]xL atfPsf 5}gg\ . cfˆgf >Ldfgaf/] lhNnfsf ;a}h;f] ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;f]Wg uPsf dlxnfx¿n] …yfxf 5}gÚ eGg] hjfkm dfq kfPsf 5g\ .

æsf]xL ltd|f >Ldfgx¿ g]kfnu~hdf 5g\ eG5g\, sf]xL dl/;s] eG5g\Ù s;sf] ljZjf; u/f}F,Æ dLgf rf}w/L elG5g\ . o:t} kL8f ;Ltf, ;'ldqf, sfnLdfof rf}w/L, cd[tf, d]rL k'g / bLkf g]kfnLsf] klg 5 . …dfcf]jfbLÚsf] vf]htnf; ub}{ cfPsf ;'/IffsdL{n] ^ j}zfv @)%( df ufpFdf 3/ 5fO/x]sf pgLx¿sf >Ldfg wgL/fd, eLdaxfb'/, s]bf/gfy, pbo/fd rf}w/L, lvdaxfb'/, eLdaxfb'/ k'g / k|]daxfb'/ g]kfnLnfO{ ;dft]/ nu]sf lyP . dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfˆgf >Ldfgx¿ lgbf]{if ePsfn] s] kf] xf]nf / eGg] nfu]sf] lyof], t/ clxn];Dd g5fl8Fbf cgy{ ePh:tf] nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ afnaRrfnfO{ s;/L x'sf{pg], k9fpg] eGg] lrGtfn] ‰g\ ;tfPsf] 5 . 3/df slxn]sfxLF cFu]gfdf cfuf] klg aNb}g .

• ;fu/ kl08t

kf6L{ agfpg ckx/0f

8Da/s[i0f >]i7

k|x/Låf/f a/fdb ?k}ofF / ;fdfg .

dfcf]jfbL / ltgsf hftLo df]rf{x¿n] xltof/wf/L sfo{stf{nfO{ cg'zfl;t /fVg g;s]kl5 pgLx¿ slt;Dd p208 / clgolGqt x'g k'U5g\ eGg] s'/f 5n{Ë kf/]sf] 5, w/fgsf ;'g Jofkf/L z]/dfg rf]ªjfªsf !% jifL{o 5f]/f /fhgsf] ut ( df3df ePsf] ckx/0f sf08n] . lkm/f}tLsf] ¿kdf 8]9 s/f]8 ?k}ofF dfluPsf] o; ckx/0fdf dfcf]jfbL / ls/fFt /fli6«o df]rf{ -ls/fdf]_ sf k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf] ;+nUgtf b]lvPkl5 dfcf]jfbL / ls/fdf] 3l/3l/ pgLx¿ cfˆgf] dfG5] gePsf] :ki6Ls/0f lbO/x]sf 5g\ .

!@ df3df a"9f;'Aaf dlGb/ hfg] af6f]df Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF lbO{ rf]ªjfªn] cfˆgf] 5f]/f 5'6fPsf] Ps dlxgf;Dd 36gf u'kr'k / /x:odo g} /x]sf] lyof] . k|x/Låf/f !! kmfu'gdf ;dfltPsf z]/axfb'/ lnDa" / /fs]z elgg] s]jn /fO{n] cfkm";lxt ckx/0fdf ;+nUg ;a} ls/fdf]sf sfo{stf{ /x]sf] / df]rf{s} lgb]{zgdf ckx/0f u/]sf] atfPsf lyP . t/ @ r}tdf x]n]g /fO{nfO{ kqm]/ kqsf/x¿;dIf k|:t't ubf{ pgn] ckx/0fdf ;+nUg slj/fh /fO{ / k|sfz /fO{n] n'l6Psf] k};f gofF kf6L{ u7gsf nflu k|of]u x'g] atfPsf] hfgsf/L lbFb} uf]kfn vDa" dfcf]jfbL;Fu ldn]sf]df c;Gt'i6 k"j{ ls/ft js{;{ kf6L{sf tL sfo{stf{n] 5'§} kf6L{ agfpg] tof/L ul//x]sf] cfkm"nfO{ nfu]sf] atfOg\ . cf7 hgfsf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtf /x]sf] 7flgPsf] ;f] ckx/0f sf08df ;+nUg hnkfOu'8L, ef/t 3/ eO{ nfdf] ;dob]lv k"j{df a:b} cfPsf slj/fh /fO{, ef]hk'/, wf]bn]vfgLsf k|sfz /fO{, tfKn]h'ª, ltl/ª]sf ;fu/ lnDa", df]/ª, ao/jgsf ;'bLk lwdfn / df]xg /fO{ km/f/ 5g\ .

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