l/kf]6{÷ef]hk'/
ef]hk'/ cfqmd0f
s;/L ;Dej eof] <
;/sf/L kIfn] b]zel/ g} dfcf]jfbLsf] cfqmfds zlQm sdhf]/ kf/]sf] bfjL dfq u/]sf] lyPg, k"jL{ kxf8sf] s'g} ;b/d'sfd cfqmd0f ug{ dfcf]jfbLn] klZrdaf6 tLg sDkgL kmf}h ToxfF k'¥ofPsf] k"j{ hfgsf/L ;d]t kfPsf] atfOPsf] lyof] . t/ k"j{ ;"rgf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ef]hk'/df s;/L ;Dej eof] dfcf]jfbLsf] 3fts cfqmd0f <

• 1fg]Gb| v8\sf, ef]hk'/df÷8Da/s[i0f >]i7, w/fgdf

k"j{df Pskl5 csf]{ Iflt Joxf]l//x]sf dfcf]jfbLn] !( kmfu'gdf ef]hk'/ ;b/d'sfd cfqmd0f u/]/ ;'/Iff kmf}hnfO{ 7"nf] wSsf lbPsf 5g\ . klZrdsf 5fkfdf/nfO{ k"jL{ kxf8df NofP/ 7"N7"nf kmf}hL cfqmd0f ug]{ of]hgfdf ljkmn x'Fb}cfPsf dfcf]jfbLn] cGttM ef]hk'/df zlQm k|bz{g u/]/} 5f8] . cfqmd0fsf] k"j{;"rgf kfP/ klg kof{Kt tof/L gu/]sf] / ;'/Iff k|d'vx¿ ;b/d'sfd aflx/ uPsfn] ;'/Iff kmf}h a9L Iflt Joxf]g{ afWo ePsf] 5 .

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k"jL{ k[tgf x]8Sjf6{/, O6x/Ln] @) kmfu'gdf 8fs]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf k[tgfklt k|bLkk|tfk ad dNn / k|d'v ;]gfgL 1fg]Gb|hË /fodf‰Ln] dfcf]jfbLn] t/fO{df sf/jfxL hf/L /fv]h:tf] b]vfO{ k"jf{~rnsf] s'g} kxf8L lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf cfqmd0f ug]{ /0fgLlt agfPsf] yfxf kfPsf] :jLsf/ ub}{ æef]hk'/d} cfqmd0f xf]nf eGg] yfxf gkfPsf]Æ atfP . t/ ;'/Iff ;|f]tn] lxdfn nfO{ hfgsf/L lbP cg';f/, cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ sfo{stf{, 5fkfdf/ / ;r{ sf/afxLdf km]nf k/]sf b:tfj]haf6 !% kmfu'gb]lv b'O{–rf/ lbgsf] x]/km]/df ef]hk'/ cfqmd0f ug]{ dfcf]jfbLsf] of]hgfaf/] ;'/Iff lgsfon] yfxf kfPsf / tNnf lgsfon] of] ;"rgf x]8Sjf6{/;Dd k'¥ofPsf lyP .

…ef]hk'/d} cfqmd0f xf]nf eGg] yfxf lyPgÚ k"jL{ k[tgfklt k|bLkk|tfk ad dNn

o;afx]s dfcf]jfbLn] k|lhc sdnsfGt /]UdL / lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ klg k6s–k6s cfqmd0f ug]{ r]tfjgL lbPsf / cfqmd0fsf] rf/ 306fcl3 dfq kmf]gaf6 k|lhc /]UdLnfO{ …tof/ eP/ a:gÚ eg]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] ;b/d'sfdaf;LnfO{ ;d]t cfqmd0fsf] hfgsf/L lbFb} :yfgLo Jofkf/L;Fu Ps nfvb]lv b'O{ nfv ?k}ofF;Dd rGbf, hg;]gfsf nflu ufpF–ufpFaf6 ds}, e6df;, ;ft', /fFuf, e}+;L, uf]? ;Íng u/]sf lyP . ;f] lbg lbpF;f] $ ah]b]lv g} dfcf]jfbL b:tf ;b/d'sfdb]lv pQ/ sfˆn], blIf0f sf]68fF8f, klZrd b]p/fnL / k"j{ ZofdzLnfdf cfOk'Ubf klg ;'/Iff ;+oGqn] arfpsf] tof/L u/]sf] b]lvPg .

a? pN6} !( kmfu'gsf] /ft ;]gfsf] lji0f'bn u'Ndsf u'Ndklt ;]gfgL xl/axfb'/ a:g]t ;+v'jf;efsf] 6f]nL;Fu bf]efg]df …;r{ sfjf{xLÚdf uPsf / k|x/L pk/LIfs ;'/]z s];L tyf ;xfos k|lhc lr/~hLjL clwsf/L s]xL lbgb]lv 5'§Ldf a;]sf lyP . u'Nddf /x]sf ;}lgsx¿dWo] klg w]/}h;f] ;r{df aflx/} lyP . ;]gf / k|x/L k|d'vx¿ Ps};fy ;b/d'sfd aflx/ /xg' / dfcf]jfbLn] eLif0f cfqmd0f ug'{ ;+of]u xf] jf c¿ s]xL eGg]df ;'/Iffj[Qdf klg zÍf plAhPsf]n] o;af/] cg';Gwfg eO/x]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .

o;cl3 @& dª\l;/df klg dfcf]jfbLn] ef]hk'/ cfqmd0f ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf lyP . t/ ;'/Iff kmf}hn] vf]6fªsf] aflS;nfdf ePsf] Pp6f sfjf{xLdf To;sf] gS;f nufotsf ljj/0fx¿ xft kf/]/ ;f] of]hgf ljkmn agfPsf] lyof] . To;kl5 klg cfqmd0fsf tof/Lx¿ eO/x]sf af/] lhNnf ;'/Iff k|d'vx¿ cgle1 lyPgg\ . lgjt{dfg ;f+;b z]/wg /fO{ ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] tf/ 3]/fleq} a;]/ ;'/Iff lbg ;lsG5 eGg] unt dfgl;stfsf sf/0f ef]hk'/n] of] Iflt Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] atfpF5g\ .

tl:a/x¿M 1fg]Gb| v8\sf]

ef]hk'/ ahf/ /le8Gtkl5 e]l6Psf uf]nLsf vf]sf cfqmd0fkl5sf] l/lk6/ 6fj/ .

cUnf] 8fF8fdf pQ/–k"j{ / blIf0f–klZrd nfDrf] k/]/ /x]sf], s/La 8]9 ;o 3/ / tLg xhf/ hg;ª\Vof ePsf] ef]hk'/sf] ;b/d'sfd ef]hk'/ ahf/df s/La !% ;o dfcf]jfbLn] tLg ;d"xdf afFl8P/ Ps};fy ^ :yfgdf cfqmd0f u/] . o; qmddf Pp6f ;d"xn] pQ/tkm{ lji0f'bn u'Nd / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, csf]{n] aLr ahf/df lhNnf k|x/L, sf/fuf/, dfnkf]t, afl0fHo AofÍ / vfg]kfgL ;+:yfgdf tyf t];|f]n] blIf0ftkm{sf] 8fF8fufpFl:yt b"/;~rf/sf] l/lk6/ 6fj/df cfqmd0f u/]sf lyP . cfqmd0fdf :yfgLo afndlGb/ ljBfnodf klg Iflt ePsf] 5 .

/flt (M@) b]lv !M)% ah];Dd ePsf] le8Gtdf @) k|x/L / !@ ;}lgs u/L #@ ;'/IffsdL{ dfl/Psf tyf s]xL ;}lgs, k|x/L / sd{rf/L ckx/0f ul/Psf lyP . ptf dfcf]jfbLsf !@ j6f nfz 36gf:yndf / #) j6f ;b/d'sfd j/k/sf 6S;f/ ahf/, sf]bf/ ufpF, ;Nnf3f/L cflb 7fpFdf km]nf k/]sf lyP . ;]gfn] ;oeGbf a9L dfcf]jfbL dfl/Psf] bfaL u/]sf] 5 . nfz / 3fOt]nfO{ ;b/d'sfd k"j{ ltjf/L e~Hofª tyf vf]6fª hfg] af6f]sf] n]vvs{lt/ nluPsf] lyof] . lkv'jf vf]nf j/k/ ;d]t s]xL nfz km]nf k/]sf lyP . dfcf]jfbLn] nfz / 3fOt] af]Sg k|To]s 3/af6 b'O{ hgfnfO{ pbL{ u/]sf lyP . 6S;f/sf Ps &) jifL{o a[4 eG5g\, æd uPsf] x'ndf #) j6f nfz lyP, af]Sg g;s]/ kmls{PF .Æ

ef]hk'/ cfqmd0fdf d'Vo lgzfgf agfOPsf] b"/;~rf/sf] l/lk6/ 6fj/df dfcf]jfbLn] ut @ dª\l;/df klg cfqmd0f u/]sf lyP . Tolta]nf ToxfF b'O{ dfcf]jfbL dfl/Psf lyP eg] o; k6s t}gfy %@ ;'/IffsdL{dWo] !% k|x/L / !! ;}lgs dfl/P . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf tLg / AofÍdf b'O{ k|x/L tyf Aof/]sdf Ps ;}lgs dfl/Psf 5g\ . le8Gtsf] qmddf l/lk6/ 6fj/af6 dfcf]jfbLn] @@ yfg cTofw'lgs xltof/ n'6]sf 5g\ . ef]hk'/ ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] ;]6df afx]s ;~rf/ljxLg ag]sf] 5 .

ut ebf}df ePsf] o'4lj/fdkl5 of] dfcf]jfbLsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] cfqmd0f xf] . k"jf{~rndf t …hgo'4Ú cjlwel/ g} olt 7"nf] cfqmd0f ePsf] lyPg . dfcf]jfbLsf ;f]n'–;Nn]/L / d]rL–sf]zLsf ^ a6flnogaf6 Ps–Ps sDkgL ;xefuL ef]hk'/ cfqmd0fdf l;Gw'kfNrf]s;Ddsf 5fkfdf/ cfPsf lyP . o;df pgLx¿tkm{ klg 7"n} Iflt ePsf] 5 . !^ cf}F a6flnog, …aLÚ sDkgLsf sdf08/ ‰fkfsf b'uf{ pk|]tL …slknÚ ;lxt ^ bh{geGbf a9L n8fs' dfl/Psf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLn] le8Gtsf] qmddf ef]hk'/ c:ktfn sAhf u/]/ 3fOt]x¿sf] pkrf/ ;d]t u/fPsf lyP .

dfcf]jfbLn] aLr ahf/d} k;]/ cfqmd0f u/]sfn] :yfgLo hgtf xtfxt x'g] b]v]/ ;'/Iff kmf}hn] 86]/ n8\g / gfO6lehg x]lnsf]K6/af6 adaf/L ug{ gkfPsf] k"jL{ k[tgf x]8Sjf6{/n] hgfPsf] 5 . æToxfF ad xflgPsf] eP w]/} hgtfsf] Hofg hfg ;SYof],Æ k[tgfklt k|bLkk|tfk ad dNnn] eg] . lji0f'bn u'Ndn] ahf/df ad v;fNg nf]s];g lbPsf] lyof] . t/ k[tgf x]8Sjf6{/sf] ck/];g sG6«f]n ?ddf sfo{/t k|d'v ;]gfgL ;~hol;+x e08f/Ln] k6sk6s cg'/f]w ul/P klg hgtfsf] Hofg hf]ufpg ad gv;fNg] cfb]z lbPsf] atfP . ef]hk'/af;L eg] le8Gt ;lsg nfUbf /flt ! ah]lt/ gfO6lehg x]lnsf]K6/ cfOk'u]sf] / ahf/sf] aflx/L If]qdf cf7 k6s ad v;fn]sf] atfpF5g\ . To;a]nf dfcf]jfbL ljhosf] gf/f nufpFb} ;b/d'sfd 5f8\b}lyP .

cfqmd0fdf 3fOt] ePsf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, ef]hk'/sf k|x/L gfoj lg/LIfs lji0f'gfy k|;fb u'Ktf eG5g\, ædfcf]jfbLn] rf/}lt/af6 PnPdhL, P;PdhL h:tf xltof/n] nuftf/ cfqmd0f u/], dfOsaf6 cfˆgf ;fyLx¿nfO{ cfb]z lbP / s]xL ;do ahf/ sAhf klg u/] . xfd|f] gfO6lehg cfsfzdf p8\of], s]xL ug{ ;s]g .Æ

c¿ ;b/d'sfd klg c;'/lIft
dfcf]jfbLn] ef]hk'/df of] :t/sf] cfqmd0f u/]kl5 kfFry/, t]x|y'd, ;+v'jf;ef, vf]6fª, ;f]n'v'Da" nufot k"jf{~rnsf cGo kxf8L lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx¿ klg c;'/lIft dx;"; ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . ef]hk'/df k"j{ ;"rgf kfP/ klg x]nr]qm\ofOF ul/Psf] xf] / ;'/Iff k|d'vx¿n] hfgLhfgL lhNnf 5f8]sf x'g\ eg] o:t} nfkjf{xL c¿ 7fpFdf klg bf]xf]l/g ;Sg] cfzÍf plAhPsf] 5 . klxnf] cfqmd0fsf] xKtf lbg glaTb} dfcf]jfbLn] ef]hk'/d} km]l/ cfqmd0f ug]{ k|of; ul/;s]sf 5g\ . @% kmfu'g ;fF‰ ul/Psf] ;f] cfqmd0f ;'/IffsdL{sf] ;zQm k|lt/Iffkl5 ljkmn ePsf] lyof] .

;]gfsf] k"jL{ k[tgf x]8Sjf6{/åf/f @) kmfu'gsf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ljtl/t lj1lKtdf n]lvPs} 5, æklZrddf h:t} ;Ë7g lj:tf/ ug{ s/La tLg j6f sDkgL 5fkfdf/x¿ k"j{df cfO{ kl/rflnt eO/x]sf] / s'g} ;b/d'sfddf s]Gb|Ls[t cfqmd0f ug{ ;}Go b:tf ;f]n'df Pslqt eO/x]sf] va/ k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .Æ o:tf] hfgsf/L x'Fbfx'Fb} ef]hk'/sf] of] xfnt eof] eg] cGo lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx¿sf] ;'/Iff l:ylt klg ef]hk'/s} h:tf] 5 . oBlk k[tgf x]8Sjf6{/n] k"jL{ If]qdf yk #! j6f ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff kf]i6 :yfkgf u/]/ ;'/Iff kmf}h kl/rfng u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .

wgs'6f lxn]l:yt zfxL ;]gfsf] @ g+= aflxgLsf aflxgLklt cgGtaxfb'/ y]j] klg ef]hk'/s} h:tf] cfqmd0f dfcf]jfbLn] cGo ;b/d'sfddf klg ug{ ;Sg] ePsfn] ;ts{tf ckgfOPsf] atfpF5g\ . ef]hk'/ afx]s d]rL–sf]zLsf ;a} lhNnfsf] ;'/Iff x]b}{ cfPsf] ;f] aflxgLsf aflxgLklt y]j] eG5g\, æef]hk'/sf] h:tf] cfqmd0f ca o; If]qdf dfcf]jfbLn] ug{ ;Sb}gg\, u/] klg d 7f]s]/} eG5' pgLx¿sf] s]xL nfUb}g .Æ o;cl3 @ g+= aflxgLn] g} x]b}{ cfPsf] ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] ;'/Iff …c‰ dha"t / Jojl:yt kfg{Ú ut c;f]hb]lv pbok'/sf] !* g+= aflxgLn] x]g{ yfn]sf] lyof], h;sf] k|d'v aflxgLklt nf]saxfb'/ yfkf 5g\ .

ef]hk'/ cfqmd0f u/]/ ;'/Iff kmf}hnfO{ …kf7Ú l;sfP klg k"j{df dfcf]jfbLn] Joxf]b}{ cfPsf] Iflt Tof] eGbf 7"nf] 5 . k"jf{~rnsf @$ lhNnf x]g]{ ;]gfsf] k"jL{ k[tgf x]8Sjf6{/n] ut ebf}sf] bf];|f] ;ftf jftf{ eË ePb]lv kmfu'gsf] t];|f] ;ftf;Dd s/La ^ dlxgfdf le8Gtdf ^(^ dfcf]jfbL / &# ;'/IffsdL{

-ef]hk'/ ;d]t_ dfl/Psf hgfPsf] 5 . ;'/Iffkmf}haf6 dfcf]jfbLsf ;]S;g sdf08/ …pTyfgÚ ;lxt w]/} 5fkfdf/ / g]tfx¿ dfl/Psf, a6flnog sdf08/ dfgaxfb'/ dNn …;ª\3if{Ú / dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;xsfo{ ul//x]sf] ls/fFt /fli6«o df]rf{sf g]tfx¿ kqmfp k/]sf 5g\ .

;]gfn] atfP cg';f/, ut j}zfvb]lv oxL kmfu'gsf] t];|f] ;ftf;Dd ?= ! s/f]8 d"No a/fa/sf xltof/, uf]nL u¶f, lj:kmf]6s kbfy{, ljB'tLo w/fkdf k|of]u ug]{ pks/0f, :of6]nfO6 kmf]g, vfB ;fdu|L / aGbf]a:tLsf ;fdfg a/fdb ul/Psf] 5 . #@$ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ / 5fkfdf/x¿n] cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf 5g\ . % kmfu'gdf sDkgL :t/sf ;]S;g sdf08/ uug ef/tL …o'4Ún] @ P;Pncf/, @ y|L g6 y|L, $ ;s]6ad / !%^ /fp08 P;Pncf/sf] uf]nL;lxt cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf lyP . pgnfO{ @ g+= aflxgL lxn]sf aflxgLklt cgGtaxfb'/ y]j]n] ?= %$ xhf/ k'/:sf/ k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . tLg jif{cl3 dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfdf nfu]sf hfh/sf]6, sfsL{ufpFsf !* jifL{o ef/tL cGo ;fyLx¿;Fu} k"j{df cfPsf x'g\ .

k"j{df ;'/Iff kmf}haf6 k6s–k6s k/f:t dfcf]jfbLn] ut ;fpgsf] klxnf] ;ftf ls/fFt /fli6«o df]rf{;Fu k'gM ;xsfo{ z'? u/]kl5 cfˆgf] ks8 s]xL alnof] kf/]sf] 5 . !( df3df ef]hk'/sf] bf]efg]df uf]kfn vDa"sf] g]t[Tjdf …ls/fFt :jfoQ k|fb]lzs hg;/sf/Ú agfPkl5 dfcf]jfbL ultljlwdf lnDa"jfg, vDa"jfg -ls/fFt js{;\_ h:tf hftLo ;Ë7g / ltgsf sfo{stf{ tnb]lv dfly;Dd} ;lqmo x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . o;sf] kl5Nnf] pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf !( kmfu'gsf] ef]hk'/ cfqmd0fnfO{ lng ;lsG5, h;df ls/fFt /fli6«o df]rf{sf sfo{stf{ / 5fkfdf/x¿ 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf ;+nUg lyP .