• kLtfDa/ zdf{

b[li6sf]0f
k|fb]lzstf / hftLo ;+3
cf}lrTo / pkfb]otf
:jfoQ hftLo ;+3x¿ cfly{s ;jntfsf] cefjdf s;/L k|efjsf/L xf]nfg\ < s[lqd k|sf/n] lgdf{0f ul/g] hftLo k|b]zeGbf /fHosf d"ne"t dfGotf / gLltx¿df g} kl/jt{g ug{ ;Dej 5}g / <

g]kfn /fHosf] k'g;{+{/rgf ug]{ ;Gbe{df s]xL ;do otf …ef}uf]lnsÚ / …hftLo k|b]zÚ ;DaGwL cjwf/0ffx¿ rrf{df 5g\ . …k|fb]lzstfÚsf] s'/fnfO{ ;Qf;Lg ju{x¿n] ljefhgsf/L dfgl;stfsf] pkh 7fGg] u/] klg of] ljifo Tolt ;lhnf];Fu kG5fpg ldNg] vfnsf] xf]Og . b]zsf ;a} e"efudf a:g] ;a} y/L gful/sx¿n] cfˆgf /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts cflb cfsf+Iffx¿sf] k"lt{ ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt s;/L agfpg] < g]kfn /fi6«sf] lgdf{0fdf ;a} k|b]z, If]q, hflt / hg;fª\lVos ;d"xsf] ljlzi6 klxrfg / of]ubfg s;/L ;'lglZrt ug]{ < k|fb]lzstfsf] s'/f leq cGtlg{lxt / ;fGble{s k|Zgx¿ x'g\ oL . ljifd e"agf]6, hl6n Oltxf; / ljljw hflt, efiff, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f / hLljsfsf cfly{s cfwf/x¿ /x]sf] g]kfn h:tf] d'n'sdf k|fb]lzstfsf] ;d:ofsf] ;xL klxrfg ug{ ;lsof] eg] of] ljefhgsf/L lgx'F x'g'sf] ;f6f] ljljwtf leqsf] PstfnfO{ an k'¥ofpg] s8L x'g ;S5 .

g]kfndf k|fb]lzstfsf b'O{ kIf 5g\M klxnf]Ù e"uf]ndf cfwfl/t / g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts–Oltxf;sf ;Gbe{df ljsl;t ef}uf]lns k|fb]lzstf / bf];||f]Ù s]Gb|Ls[t g]kfnL /fHosf] ljsf;qmddf c3]{NofOPsf hflt÷hghfltx¿sf] ljb|f]xsf] ¿kdf p7]sf] hftLo k|fb]lzstf .

k|fb]lzstfsf] ef}uf]lns kIf
g]kfnnfO{ kf/Dkl/s ¿kn] t/fO{, kxf8 / lxdfn u/L tLg j6f a[xt\ k|b]zx¿df ljefhg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . of] ljefhgsf] cfwf/ lxdfno kj{t >[ª\vnfsf] /rgfqmddf ag]sf kj{t >]0fLx¿ x'g\ . oL kj{t >]0fLx¿dWo] blIf0flt/sf] r'/] ;a}eGbf xf]rf] xf] . ;fwf/0ftof r'/] / dxfef/tb]lv blIf0fsf] efunfO{ t/fO{, dxfef/t kj{t >]0fLb]lv lxdfn;Ddsf] lj:tfl/t efunfO{ kxf8 / d'Vo lxdfnL >[ª\vnf / To;eGbf pQ/sf] efunfO{ lxdfn eGg] ul/G5 . lxdfnkfl/ g]kfnsf] ‰08} !^ k|ltzt efu k5{ .

g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f d"ntM kxf8L /hf}6fx¿sf e"efusf] PsLs/0f xf] . o;} cYf{df kxf8L k|b]z g]kfnsf] ;f+:s[lts, hftLo clg /fli6«o klxrfgsf] x'g uPsf] xf] . kxf8L k|b]z leq klg …s;sf] ;+:s[lt <Ú / …s;sf] hftLotf <Ú eGg] k|Zgsf] cfˆg} cf}lrTo 5 . t/ Jofks txdf kxf8L k|b]z g]kfnsf] …d'6' k|b]zÚ jf …ldof]Ú xf] / t/fO{ Pj+ lxdfnL k|b]z o;sf cjoj x'g\ eGg] ulx/f] 5fk g]kfnsf zf;sx¿n] cjnDag u/]sf gLltx¿df k/]sf] kfOG5 . o;n] ubf{ t/fO{ / lxdfnL k|b]zsf] >f]t / ;fwgn] kxf8df s]lGb|t / sf7df8f}Fdf JoQm /fhgLlts zlQmnfO{ an k'¥ofpg' k5{ eGg] /fHo ;~rfngsf] ;f]r ljsl;t x'gk'Uof] . g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f kl5b]lv g} ;fwf/0ftM t/fO{ / ljz]if u/]/ k"jL{ t/fO{ ;/sf/sf lglDt /fh:jsf]] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;|f]t lyof] . t/fO{ …u'Nhf/Ú ug]{ qmd;Fu} oxfFsf] /fh:j dfly g]kfn /fHosf] lge{/tf klg a9\of] . …u'Nhf/Ú ug]{ qmddf ef/tLo cfk|jf;gsf] kl/df0f klg a9Øf] . ljleGg ¿kdf of] cfk|jf;g clxn] klg sfod 5 . ;g\ !(%) / ^) sf] bzsdf ePsf] dn]l/of pGd"ngkl5 t/fO{df kxf8L cfk|jf;Lsf] rfk a9\bf] 5 . ;g\ @))! sf] hgu0fgfn] t/fO{df kxf8L cfk|jf;L -c¿ k|b]zdf hGd]/ t/fO{df ulgPsf_ x¿sf] v"b ;ª\Vof !) nfv *% xhf/ b]vfpF5 .

kxf8L klxrfg g} …g]kfnLÚ klxrfg xf] eGg] /fHoåf/f ;dly{t k|j[lQsf] ljsf;n] kxf8Lx¿n] cfkm"x¿nfO{ g]kfnsf jf:tljs / vf; afl;Gbfsf ¿kdf x]g]{ / dw]zL tyf lxdfnLx¿sf] …g]kfnLkgÚ df ;zlÍt x'g] dfgl;stfsf] ljsf; x'g k'Uof] . P]ltxfl;s lx;fan] kxf8Lx¿sf] ;fk]lIfs …>]i7tfef;Ú g]kfnL /fli6«otfsf] ;Da4{g / g]kfnL /fli6«o PsLs/0fsf] k'gvf]{hsf qmddf clxn] klg tuf/f]sf] ¿kdf ljBdfg 5 .

a9L hg3gTj, cfjfudgsf] ;'udtf / ;fk]lIfs ¿kdf a9L ;fdflhs / cfly{s n]gb]gsf sf/0fn] t/fO{sf afl;Gbfx¿sf] l5d]sL lxGb':yfg;Fusf] ;f+:s[lts ;fdLKo / cGo n]gb]gÙ kxf8L k|b]zeGbf ck]Iffs[t ¿kn] a9L 5 . o;/L Psflt/ kxf8L klxrfgdf c6fpg'kg]{ afWotf / csf{lt/ lxGb':yfg;Fusf] ;fdLKo clg n]gb]gsf] ckl/xfo{tfsf] r]kdf k/]sf t/fO{ d"nsf afl;Gbfx¿sf lglDt g]kfnLsf ¿kdf j]Un} k|fb]lzs klxrfgsf] vf]hL cfjZostf aGg k'Uof] . clxn] klg g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo ;Qfdf kx'Fr /fVg, 7fpF kfpg jf cfˆgf k|fb]lzs ;d:ofx¿k|lt s]Gb|sf] Wofgfsif{0f ug{ ;d]t t/fO{ / lxdfnL k|b]zsf afl;Gbfx¿nfO{ …kxf8L klxrfgÚ leq c6fpg'kg]{ afWotf sfod 5 .

t/fO{sf] k|fb]lzstfsf] ;d:ofÙ of] k|b]zsf] a9\bf] cfly{s x}l;ot / oyfl:yltjfbL /fhgLlts x}l;otsf aLrsf] c;fd~h:oaf6 x's]{sf] xf] . o;af/] /fHon] s'g} vf; gLltsf] cjnDag gu/]/ s] ;f]r]sf] x'g;S5 eg]Ù :j:km"t{ ¿kn] eO/x]sf] kxf8L cfk|jf;g g} t/fO{nfO{ …g]]kfnLs/0fÚ -Ö kxf8Ls/0f_ ug]{ ;a}eGbf /fd|f] dfWod xf] / hlt hlt t/fO{ lhNnfx¿af6 kxf8L cfk|jf;Lx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj a9\5, Tolt Tolt g} k|fb]lzstfsf] ;d:of Go"g x'Fb} hfG5 . of] ;f]rfO ;fd]nL k|hftGq -OGSn'l;e 8]df]qm];L_ sf] cjwf/0ff;Fu t d]n vfFb}g g}, t/fO{df a9\bf] cGw k|fb]lzstf -JnfOG8 l/hGoflnhd_ sf nflu pj{/e"ld ;d]t aGg ;S5 .

s'g lhNnfdf sf] w]/} <
-ax';ª\Vofdf /x]sf hfltsf] k|ltzt_

hftLo k|fb]lzstfsf] k|Zg
hftLotfn] efiff, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f / k'Vof}{nLsf cfwf/df Pp6f lglZrt hg;d'bfosf] ;fd"lxs dgf]efjnfO{ a'‰fpF5 . o;}n] hftLotf P]ltxfl;s cg'ejdf cfwfl/t ;f‰f ;f+:s[lts / efjgfTds cfˆgf]kg xf] . Pp6f lglZrt e"–efu;Fu of] ;DalGwt x'g} k5{ eGg] 5}g t/ klg hftLo k|fb]lzstfsf] s'/f ubf{ hflt / e"efu hf]l8P/ cfpF5g\ .

s]xL /}yfg] d"n lgjf;Lx¿sf ynfdf vf;u/L blIf0f / klZrdaf6 cfPsf ss];fO8 d"nsf hflt / pQ/tkm{af6 cfPsf dËf]nfO8 d"nsf hfltx¿sf] a9\bf] cfjfbLaf6 g} g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts / hg;fª\lVos lj:tf/ ePsf] xf] . d"n lgjf;Lx¿sf /fhf jf d'lvofnfO{ ;s] an / g;s] 5nn] lj:yflkt u/]/ uf]/vfsf] lxGb" /fHosf] hu a;]sf] xf] . oxL hudf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] lxdjt\v08df …c;Ln lxGb':yfgÚ sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ kl/of]hgf k|f/De u/] h'g j:t'tM g]kfnsf] PsLs/0fsf] cleofg x'g k'Uof] . of] Pp6f lxGb" /fHosf] ;f+:s[lts cleofg lyof] lsgeg] /fHo ;+oGqsf cfwf/df lxGb" dfGotf / ljrf/wf/fsf] af]njfnf klg :yflkt ul/Fb}uof] . /fHoåf/f hftLotfsf cfwf/df ul/g] lje]b ef]u]sf / lxGb" /fHosf] /fhgLlts / ;f+:s[lts …k]nfgÚdf k/]sf sltko u}/–lxGb" hfltx¿df cfˆgf] ;f+:s[lts klxrfg / jr{:jdf ePsf] cltqmd0f k|lt ljb|f]xsf] efjgf hfu[t x'g' :jfefljs} lyof], oBlk lhTg]n] n]v]sf Oltxf;df ltgsf] pNn]v ul/Fb}g . o;}n] g]kfndf hftLotfsf] k|Zg w]/} k'/fgf] xf] . ;d;fdlos kl/k|]Iodf hftLotfsf] k|Zg;Fu /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs cj;/x¿df lje]b/lxt ;dfgtf, eflifs / ;f+:s[lts dfGotf, hftLo :jfoQtf / hftLo cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ cflb s'/fx¿ hf]8\g] ul/G5 .

g]kfnsf sltko hfltsf kf/Dkl/s ynfx¿sf] :ki6 pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fdfGotM k"jL{ kxf8df kNnf] ls/fFt -c?0fkfl/_ lnDa"x¿sf] cfjfbL xf] . df‰ ls/fFt -OGb|fjtLb]lv c?0f;Ddsf] k|b]z_ /fO{x¿sf] kf/Dkl/s a;f]jf;sf] If]q xf] . u'?ªx¿sf] kf/Dkl/s a;f]jf;sf] If]q a"9Lu08sL / sfnLu08sL aLrsf] e]u xf] . du/x¿sf] cfjfbL …!@ du/ftÚ cyf{t\ tgx'F, sf:sLb]lv klZrd :ofª\hf, kj{t, kfNkf x'Fb} /f]Nkf, ?s'd, hfh/sf]6;Ddsf] If]q xf] . tfdfªx¿ dxfef/t n]s / vf;u/L sf7df8f}F j/k/sf kxf8df a;f]jf; u5{g\ . yf¿x¿ leqLdw]zb]lv r'/]sf] blIf0fL e]u;Dd kf/Dkl/s cfjfbL ePsf hflt x'g\ . g]jf/x¿ sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf d"n lgjf;Lsf ¿kdf dflgG5g\ . v;x¿sf] d'Vo cfjfbL s0ff{nL k|b]z xf] .

hftLo k|b]znfO{ /fhgLlts Ph]08fsf ¿kdf k|:t't ug]{ k|oTg dfcf]jfbL;lxt cGo ;d"xx¿af6 eP klg klZrd kxf8af6 k"jL{ kxf8tkm{sf] ;lbof}Fsf] v;—afx'gsf] a;fOF;/fO, ljut bzsx¿df kxf8af6 t/fO{tkm{ ePsf] a;fOF–;/fO / ufpFaf6 zx/lt/ s]lGb|t a;fOF–;/fOn] lg/k]If hg;fª\lVos afx'No ePsf hftLo k|b]zx¿ 5'6\ofpg clxn] ufx|f] 5 . kf/Dkl/s ynfx¿sf] cfwf/df hftLo k|b]zx¿sf] gfds/0f t ug{ ;lsG5 t/ oL k|b]zsf clwsf+z lhNnfdf hg;fª\lVos lx;fan] P]ltxfl;s cfjfbL ePsf hfltx¿ cNk;ª\Vofdf k5{g\ . km]l/ hftLo lje]baf6 ;a}eGbf kLl8t blnt ;d"xx¿sf] cfˆgf] s'g} vf; ynf] 5}gÙ hals pgLx¿n] g]kfnsf] s'n hg;ª\Vofsf] ‰08} !# k|ltzt efu cf]u6\5g\ .

;g\ @))! sf] hgu0fgfn] glsl6Psf tLg ;d"x afx]s hDdf !)) hftLo ;d"xx¿sf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf &% lhNnfdWo] !$ df dfq vf; hftLo ;d"xx¿ lg/k]If ax';ª\Vofdf -cyf{t\ %) k|ltzt eGbf a9L_ 5g\ . oLdWo] ( lhNnfdf If]qL / !÷! df qmdzM tfdfª, du/, u'?ª, yf¿ / g]jf/ 5g\ . hftLo ;d"xsf] afx'Nosf lx;fan] @! lhNnfdf If]qL, !) lhNnfdf afx'g, &÷& lhNnfdf tfdfª / du/, ^ lhNnfdf /fO{, %÷% lhNnfdf ofbj / d'l:nd, $÷$ lhNnfdf u'?ª / yf¿, / #÷# lhNnfdf g]jf/ / lnDa" 5g\ -x]= gS;f_ .

hftLo ;d:ofsf] h/f] lxGb" /fHon] P]ltxfl;s ¿kdf u/]sf] lje]b, c3]{nf] Jojxf/ / vf; ;+:s[lt / dfGotfsf kIfdf /fHo ;+oGqaf6 ePsf] ldrfxf k|j[lQ xf] . o;n] ubf{ /fHosf] ;a} hfltk|ltsf] Jojxf/ clg pknAw ;fdflhs / cfly{s cj;/x¿ ;dfg ePgg\ . ljlzi6 hftLo If]qx¿df cfjZostf cg';f/sf ljsf;sf k|oTgx¿ ePgg\ . kmn:j?k /fHo ;~rfng / o;sf gLltx¿sf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogdf Jofks hfltx¿sf] ;xeflutf / ;+nUgtf x'g] v08 g} ePg . hftLo k|b]zx¿sf] wf/0ff oL ;d:ofx¿sf] lgsf; vf]Hg] ;Gbe{df g} NofOPsf] x'g'k5{ eGg] d 7fGb5' . t/ s] hftLo cfwf/df agfOg] k|b]zx¿n] oL ;d:ofsf] lgsf; lbG5g\ < s] hftLo k|b]zx¿n] k|hftflGqs kl/j]zdf ef}uf]lns / hftLo cfwf/df lje]b ef]u]sfx¿sf] df}lns ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s, eflifs klxrfg, ljsf;df ;xeflutf, cj;/x¿sf] ;dfgtf / of]ubfg ;'lglZrt u5{g\ <

;dfwfgsf pkfo
c7f/f}F ztfAbLdf g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts PsLs/0f eof] t/ ;fdflhs / cfly{s PsLs/0fsf] d'2f yftL g} 5 . /fHosf gLltx¿df of] oyfy{ ca ‰lNsg'k5{ . o;f] x'gsf nflu b'O{ s'/f cfjZos 5g\M g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Ls[t /fHo Joj:yfdf kl/jt{g / wd{lg/k]If /fHo– ef}uf]lns / hftLo k|fb]lzstfsf] k|Zg log};Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 .

;fdGtL Joj:yfdf x's]{sf] s]Gb|Ls[t /fHo ;+/rgfn] ubf{ df]km;nsf cfjfhx¿ /fHon] g;'Gg] l:ylt aGof] . ljsf;sf k|fyldstfx¿sf] lgwf{/0f s]Gb|n] g} ug]{ kl/kf6Ln] ubf{ k|b]z / hfltljz]ifsf cfjZostfx¿ cf]‰]ndf k/] . Psk|sf/n] /fHo, s]Gb|Lo zf;gsf] afu8f]/ xftdf x'g] ju{ jf hflts} :jfy{k"lt{sf] aGws aGof], / a]nf–avtsf] k|hftGq ltg} ju{ / hfltåf/f ckxl/t eof] . lxGb" /fHon] of] k|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofof] .

of] l:yltnfO{ lrg{] ljsNk hftLo cfwf/df aGg] ;+3x¿ x'g\ t < hftLo ;+3x¿sf] k|:tfj /fVg] ;d"xx¿af6 o:tf ;+3sf] cf}lrTo :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5}g / To:tf] x'g] cfwf/x¿ klg b]lvGg . k|hftflGqs kl/kf6L leq /x]/ vf; hfltsf gfddf ;+3x¿ agfpg ;lsPnf t/ ljBdfg hg;fª\lVos l:yltdf df}lns klxrfg, ;dfg cj;/ / ;xeflutfsf dfGotfx¿df pleP/ tL ;+3x¿sf] lqmofsnfk s;/L km/s xf]nf < km]l/ :jfoQ hftLo ;+3x¿ cfly{s ;jntfsf] cefjdf s;/L k|efjsf/L xf]nfg\ < s[lqd k|sf/n] lgdf{0f ul/g] hftLo k|b]z eGbf /fHosf d"ne"t dfGotf / gLltx¿df g} kl/jt{g ug'{ s] cfjZos / ;Dej 5}g <

dfly ul/Psf] ts{ ;+3Lo ;+/rgf g} g]kfnsf lglDt pko'Qm 5}g eGg] x}g . ts{ s] xf] eg] hftLo cfwf/df ul/g] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfeGbf k|fb]lzs ljsf;sf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu rflxg] ;+3Lo jf cGo ;+/rgfsf] a9L cf}lrTo 5 .

k|fb]lzstfsf] k|ZgnfO{ ;f/k"0f{ 9Ën] ;Daf]wg ug{] pkfox¿dWo] gofF ;+ljwfgsf] ;Gbe{df tnsf a'Fbfx¿ ljrf/0fLo x'g ;S5g\M
• /fhgLlts, cfly{s zlQmsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / :yfgLo txdf ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s, eflifs klxrfg ;'/lIft /fVg ;lsg] k|fjwfg ;lxtsf] ;f/k"0f{ :jfoQ zf;g .
• :yfgLo txdf hftLo cGt/ ;Djfbsf] afWofTds k|fjwfg .
• gful/stf ;DaGwdf lje]bsf/L k|fjwfgsf] vf/]hL .
• ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / vf; hfltx¿sf] afx'No ePsf 7fpFdf cf/lIft lgjf{rg If]q .
• ;/sf/L sfd / lzIff, tflnd cflbdf vf; l:ylt gag];Dd blnt, dlxnf / hghfltsf nflu cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf .
• hft / hfltsf] hg;fª\lVos l:ylt, k"jf{wf/ / cGo ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df cfPsf kl/jt{gsf cfwf/df lhNnfx¿sf] k'gu{7g -8f=xs{ u'?ªsf] k|:tfj To;sf] k|:yfg ljGb' x'g;S5_ .
• k|fb]lzs /fhgLlts ;+/rgfsf ¿kdf ljsf; k|b]zx¿sf] :yfkgf / k|b]zsf hfltx¿sf] Jofks k|ltlglwTj x'g] / clwsf/;DkGg k|fb]lzs ;efsf] Joj:yf .