ahf/÷rsn]6
vfhfx¿sf] bf}8df c‰} cufl8
cl3Nnf] jif{ g]kfndf ‰08} !) xhf/
6g la:s'6 pTkfbg eof] . ;o u|fdsf] k'l/ofnfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf jflif{s
!) s/f]8 k'l/of cyf{t\, k|To]s g]kfnLsf lglDt ;/b/ $ k'l/of la:s'6
aGg yfn]sf] 5 .
•
d's'n x'dfufOF
dLg ah|frfo{ |
g]kfnLx¿n] …:GofS;Úsf] ¿kdf
a9L s] vfG5g\, la:s'6 of rfprfp < rfprfpsf] cTolws k|rf/ / pkxf/–of]hgf
x]bf{ rfprfp g} xf] ls h:tf] nfU5 . t/, s]xL jif{cl3;Dd zx/ahf/df
w]/}n] ?rfpg] l56f]5l/tf] vfhf la:s'6 g} lyof] . kl5Nnf jif{x¿df
c¿ vfhfn] la:s'6sf] 7fpF lng yfn]kl5 rf/ bzs nfdf] Oltxf;
ePsf] g]kfnL la:s'6 pBf]u s]xL ;d:ofu|:t b]lvPsf] 5 . !) jif{cl3;Dd
vfhf eGgf;fy la:s'6 ;lD‰g]x¿sf cl3 clxn] c¿
ljsNkx¿ klg k|z:t 5g\\ .
la:s'6sf] pTkfbg / pkef]u 36]sf] eg] kSs} xf]Og, rfprfp
nufotsf :GofS;x¿n] afnaflnsfnfO{ a9L nf]Eofpg] k|rf/ z'?
u/]kl5 3/3/df vfhfsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ cGo vfhfsf] a9L rrf{ x'g yfn]sf]
xf] . t/ la:s'6sf] 7fpF rfprfpn] cf]u6\5 eGg] sNkgf ug{ ;lsFb}g .
…lrof / la:s'6Úsf kf6L{ tyf :jfut ;df/f]xx¿
…lrof / rfprfpÚdf ablnPsf 5}gg\ / ablng klg ;Sb}gg\ .
la:s'6sf] ;fdflhs zfg c‰} pRr 5 . gofF la:s'6 sDkgLx¿
v'Ng], gofFgofF pTkfbgx¿ cfpg] qmd /f]lsPsf] 5}g . Un'sf]h
/ lygc/f?6 la:s'6af6 z'? ePsf] g]kfnL la:s'6 pBf]un] gofF …/]GhÚ,
gf}nfgf}nf :jfb, jf:gf / :t/Lo KoflsËdf yl/yl/sf la:s'6x¿
ahf/df Nofpg] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfndf la:s'6 pBf]u lj=;+= @)@) sf] bzsaf6 km:6fpg
yfn]sf] xf] . To;sf] k|f/lDes >]o hfG5, g]lasf] k|flnåf/f
afnfh'df :yflkt la:s'6 ˆofS6«LnfO{, h;n] cfw'lgs Knf06
:yfkgf u/]/ la:s'6 pTkfbg ug{ z'? u¥of] . To;cl3;Dd g]kfnL
ahf/df ef/tLo / 3/]n' la:s'6x¿ dfq kfOGy] . g]lasf]
Un'sf]h / g]lasf] lygc/f?6 la:s'6af6 pTkfbg z'? u/]sf] ;D‰Fb}
g]lasf]sf k|aGw lgb]{zs /jLGb| >]i7 eG5g\, æxfdLnfO{ z'?df
ahf/ lng lgs} ufx|f] k/]sf] lyof] .Æ
ef/tLo la:s'6;Fu k|lt:kwf{ ub}{ g]lasf] :yfkgf ePsf]
Ps bzskl5 g]kfndf c¿ la:s'6 pBf]ux¿ v'n]] / :jb]zL
la:s'6 sDkgLaLr klg k|lt:kwf{ z'? eof] . clxn] uf]N5f, rf}w/L
h:tf k'/fgf Jofkfl/s ;d"xb]lv sdf{rfo{ u|'kh:tf] gofF ;d"x;Dd
;lqmo 5g\ la:s'6 pTkfbgdf . g]kfndf clxn] g]lasf], x'nf;, Sjfln6L,
do'/, sdf{rfo{, kz'klt, afaf, dsjfgf cflb Ps bh{g 7"nf la:s'6
pBf]ux¿ ;~rflnt 5g\ .
g]kfnsf] jt{dfg la:s'6 ahf/df :jb]zL, ef/tLo / t];|f]
d'n'saf6 cfoftLt u/L tLg yl/sf la:s'6 ePklg ahf/sf] ;aeGbf 7"nf]
c+z g]kfnL la:s'6n] g} cf]u6]sf 5g\ . pTkfbsx¿ g]kfnL
la:s'6sf] jflif{s ahf/ ?=^)–^% s/f]8 /x]sf] atfpF5g\ .
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf cfly{s jif{ @)%(÷^) df la:s'6 pTkfbg
@=)( k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . uPsf] cfjdf g]kfndf (,^#* 6g la:s'6
pTkfbg ePsf] lyof] . ;o u|fdsf] Kofs]6nfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] xf]
eg] ut jif{ ( s/f]8 ^# nfv *) xhf/ Kofs]6 la:s'6 ahf/df cfP .
cyf{t\, k|To]s g]kfnLsf] efudf jif{sf] ;/b/ $ Kofs]6 la:s'6 .
gofF a|f08, gf}nf :jfb
la:s'6 pBf]usf] la:tf/;Fu} g]kfnL pkef]Stfx¿n] ?lrcg';f/sf
:jfb / jf:gfdf la:s'6x¿ kfPsf 5g\ . u'lnof la:s'6 t
lyP g}, clxn] ahf/df g'lgnf, qmLd, a6/, rsn]6, gl/jn, ;'Gtnf, e'OFs6x/
cflb y'k|} :jfb ePsf clg …8fOh]li6eÚ la:s'6x¿
;d]t pknAw 5g\ .
la:s'6 / rfprfpsf] bf}8
;|f]tM cfly{s ;j{]If0f @)^) |
æxfdLn] la:s'6 pTkfbg z'? ubf{ Dofgkfj/afx]s
;a} s'/f aflx/af6 Nofpg'kYof]{,Æ g]lasf]sf /jLGb| >]i7
;D‰G5g\ . clxn] pBf]usf nflu cfjZos w]/} sRrf kbfy{ g]kfnd}
pknAw 5g\, clxn] Un'sf]h nufot s]xL sRrf kbfy{ dfq} aflx/af6 dufOG5 .
d}bf, lrgL, £o" h:tf d'Vo sRrf kbfy{x¿ :jb]zd}
kfOg yfn]kl5 la:s'6 pBf]un] o:tf ;xof]uL j:t'sf] pBf]u / Jofkf/
a9fpg;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ . jflif{s & xhf/ 6g
d}bf / !& ;o 6g lrgL vkt x'G5 la:s'6 pBf]udf .
la:s'6 sDkgL Ps bh{g eGbf a9L eP klg ahf/df d'Vo k|lt:kwf{
g]lasf] / Sjfln6L la:s'6aLr 5 . To;kl5 x'nf;, afaf, kz'klt,
sdf{rfo{ cflbsf] gfd cfpF5 . g]lasf] k|flnsf lyg c/f?6, Un'sf]h,
vfhf, sf]sf]g6 qmGrLh, 8fOh]li6e, 6«]s;{ RjfO; u/L Ps bh{g
a|f08sf la:s'6 ahf/df 5g\ . 8fOh]li6e, 6«]s;{ RjfO; lk|ldod
>]0fLsf la:s'6 x'g\ . sDkgLsf cg';f/, Un'sf]h / lygc/f?6
g} a9L laS5g\ .
b'xaL, ;'g;/Ldf /x]sf] Sjfln6L la:s'6n] a6/ qm]s/,
6]i6L–6]i6L, agag rsn]6 lqmd, zlQmdfg, kfOgfkn, l/rdf/L, sf]sf]g6
a|f08sf la:s'6 ahf/df NofPsf] 5 . oLdWo] ^ jif{cl3 cfPsf] 6]i6L–6]i6L
a9L laSg] la:s'6sf] >]0fLdf k5{ . uf]N5f cu{gfOh];gsf] x'nf;
la:s'6sf dfpG6 d]/L, l8«dlqmd, Hofs, /L6\h, n]dg kkm, lbn
sfh' cflb @% j6f a|f08 ahf/df 5g\ . k|ltKofs]6 ?= % b]lv ?=
!%) ;Ddsf la:s'6 pTkfbg ug]{ x'nf; la:s'6 g]kfnL ahf/df …ˆofldnL
KofsÚsf] k|of]u leœofpg] klxnf] :jb]zL pTkfbs xf] .
x'nf; la:s'6sf k|aGw lgb]{zs ;~ho uf]N5f cfˆgf pTkfbgx¿dWo]
dfp06d]/L / Hofs a9L laSg] atfpF5g\ .
la:s'6s} cu|tf
lat]sf !% jif{sf] tYofÍ x]g]{ xf] eg] g]kfndf rfprfp / la:s'6s}
lgs6 k|lt:kwf{ b]lvG5 . cfj @)$$÷$%df $,$%* 6g la:s'6
pTkfbg x'Fbf rfprfp !%#@ 6g pTkfbg x'GYof] . @)%(÷^)
df (^#* 6g la:s''6 pTkfbg x'Fbf rfprfp *^$) 6g k'Uof] -x]= rf6{_ .
cfj %%÷%^ df la:s'6 pTkfbgn] !!,*!) 6gsf] sLlt{dfg agfPsf]
lyof] . To;kl5 of] cfFs8fnfO{ slxNo} 5'g ;s]g .
rfprfp pTkfbsx¿sf] cfsif{s lj1fkg / ahf/ Joj:yfkgsf
sf/0f la:s'6sf] ahf/ k|efljt x'gk'u]sf] la:s'6 pTkfbsx¿ klg
:jLsf5{g\ . y'k|} pkxf/ of]hgfsf ;fy rfprfp ahf/df cfpFbf la:s'6
vfg] u|fxsx¿ klg pt}lt/ nfUb} uPsf pgLx¿sf] 7DofO
5 . g]lasf]sf /jLGb| >]i7 eG5g\, æxfd|f] d'Vo k|lt:kwf{
rfprfp;Fu} 5 .Æ To:t} Sjfln6L la:s'6 pTkfbs sfa/f ;d"xsf
k|aGw lgb]{zs Zofd sfa/f :jLsf5{g\, æklxnf vfhf eGg] lalQs}
la:s'6sf] gfd cfpFYof], clxn] Tof] l:ylt 5}g .Æ
zxl/of hLjgz}nLdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] klg la:s'6sf] ahf/nfO{
w]/yf]/ k|efljt u/]sf] 5 . /]i6'/]G6df uP/ vfg] afgL a:b} hfFbf
vfhfsf] ¿kdf la:s'6 vfg] rngdf sdL cfof] . To:t} ufpF3/sf]
ahf/ rflxF dfcf]jfbL lx+;f / c;'/Iffsf] sf/0fn] klg k|efljt x'gk'u]sf]
5 . ;Gho uf]N5f eG5g\, æc;'/Iffn] ubf{ w]/} 7fpFdf pTkfbgx¿
k'¥ofpg ;ls/x]sf 5}g .Æ
c;xh k|lt:kwf{
g]kfnL ahf/df ef/t / t];|f] d'n'ssf la:s'6x¿sf] pNn]Vo pkl:ylt
5 . ef/tsf la|6flgof, kfn]{ h:tf :yflkt a|f08x¿ lj1fkgdf
7"n} vr{ u/]/ g]kfnL ahf/df pkl:yt 5g\ . b'O{ jif{b]lv
aËnfb]zsf] xs a|f08sf la:s'6x¿ klg pknJw ePsf 5g\ .
xs sf clws[t laqm]tf P;=P; ODk]S;sf /fdls;g ;f]dfgLsf cg';f/ #)–#@
yl/sf xs la:s'6n] g]kfnL ahf/df /fd|} k|efj 5 . d'6' / dw'd]xsf
/f]uLx¿sf nflu pko'Qm dflgg] lk|ldod qmofs/, ldS:8 xa{n klg
ToxL >]0fLdf k5{g\ .
ahf/df pknJw ljb]zL la:s'6x¿ :jb]zL pTkfbgsf
nflu vt/fsf] 306L ag]sf 5g\ . $) k|ltzt eG;f/ lt/]/ cfpFbf
klg ef/tLo la:s'6n] cfˆgf] k|efj hdfpg lj1fkgdf k|;:t} vr{
ug]{ u/]sf]n] pgLx¿;Fu lj1fkgdf k|lt:kwf{ ug{ g;lsg] :jb]zL
pTkfbsx¿sf] wf/0ff 5 . ;~ho uf]N5f eG5g\, æljb]zL
pTkfbsn] lj1fkgdf ug]{ ljzfn vr{n] :jb]zL pTkfbgdf gsf/fTds c;/
kg]{ s'/fdf b'O{dt 5}g .Æ ef/tLo la:s'6n] g]kfndf ;xh
ahf/ kfO/fv]sf t/ g]kfnL la:s'6n] ef/tdf ahf/ kfpg g;s]sf] l:yltn]
klg Joj;foLx¿nfO{ lk/f]Ng] u/]sf] 5 . x'nf;, kz'klt
la:s'6n] cfˆgf pTkfbg ef/tdf lgof{t gu/]sf xf]Ogg\, t/ lgof{t
k|lqmof Tolt ;xh gePsf] uf]N5fsf] cg'ej 5 . eG5g\, æef/ttkm{
lgof{t ubf{ …Aofr 6]i6Ú ug'{k5{, h;df ;do nfU5 .
csf]{tkm{, …cG8/ 6]an PS;k]G;];Ú w]/} 5g\ . Ps
6«s k7fpFbf ?=@)–#) xhf/ vr{ x'G5 .Æ
t/fO{sf zx/L If]qdf cj}w ¿kdf lelqg] ef/tLo
la:s'6n] ;d]t g]kfnL pTkfbsx¿nfO{ lk/f]n]sf] 5 . :t/Lo
la:s'6 pTkfbsx¿nfO{ o;n] k|efljt u/]sf] atfpFb} uf]N5f eG5g\,
æof] qmd /f]Sg] xf] eg] jL/u~hdf xfd|f] la:s'6sf] laqmL bf]Aa/
x'g]5 .Æ Sjfln6L la:s'6sf Zofd sfa/f g]kfnL ahf/nfO{
cfjZos kg]{ la:s'6 pTkfbg ug{ g]kfnL pBf]u ;Ifd e};s]sf]n] ljb]zL
la:s'6sf] cfoftdf /f]s nufpg'kg]{ wf/0ff /fV5g\ . ptf xËsËaf6
la:s'6 cfoft ug]{ clvn 6«]l8Ë k|flnsf clvn rfkfufO{ ljBdfg
$) k|ltzt eG;f/ b/ 36fpg'kg]{ atfpF5g\ . eG5g\, æhgtfn]
/fd|f] u'0f:t/sf pTkfbg kfpF5g\ eg] pRr eG;f/ b/ /flvg'x'Gg .Æ
ljleGg k|lts'ntf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg cfj @)%(÷^)
df @=*@ k|ltzt pTkfbg a9]sf]n] la:s'6 pBf]usf] eljiok|lt pTkfbsx¿
cfzfjfbL 5g\ . pTkfbgdf ljljwtf / :t/Lotf g} casf] af6f] ePsf]
pgLx¿ atfpF5g\ . la:s'6 kf/vLx¿n] g]kfnsf ;a}
pTkfbsx¿af6 :t/Lo pTkfbgsf] ck]Iff /fv]sf 5g\ . ahf/df
ljb]zL la:s'6x¿n] ;d]t /fd|} :Jffut kfO/x]sf] a]nf :jb]zL
pTkfbsx¿n] kf}li6s / :jflbnf la:s'6 Nofpg ;s] eg] cfd pkef]Qmfn]
ltgnfO{ dxFuf] eg]/ c:jLsf/ gunf{g\ .
:yflkt x'Fb}5 a]s/L sNr/
la:s'6 ;Fu;Fu}
g]kfnLx¿ vfhfsf] ¿kdf kfp/f]6L, s'lsh, kkm, k]i6«L
h:tf a]s/L pTkfbgx¿ klg ?rfpF5g\ . z'?df sf7df8f}Fdf
dfq} e]l6g] a]s/L pBf]u clxn] clw/fHosf cGo zx/L If]qdf klg b]vfk/]sf
5g\ . a]s/L pBf]ux¿n] u'lnof], g'lgnf], u'lnof]÷g'lgnf]
b'j} ldl>t, rsn]6 cflbsf] :jfb ePsf s'lsh, kkm, k]i6«L
h:tf …a]s/L k|f]8S6Ú agfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .
a]s/Lsf] If]qdf s[i0f kfp/f]6L, gfËnf],
da]sf]h, lxdfnL h:tf k'/fgf / :yflkt gfd;Fu} clxn] ylkPsf] csf]{
gfd xf], vh'/L km'8\; . kfp/f]6L, s'lsh, kkm, k]i6«Lsf]
pTkfbs vh'/L km'8\;sf pTkfbgx¿ ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn afx]s
g]kfnsf k|d'v zx/x¿df pknAw 5g\ . ‰08} Ps jif{cl3 vh'/Ln]
vfhfsf] ¿kdf jf lrof;Fu vfg ;lsg] klkmgf] k]i6«L /
rsn]6sf] :jfbo'Qm rf]s; s'lsh ahf/df Nofof] . …kkmÚ
d"ntM …lrofsf] ;fyLÚ sf ¿kdf vfg ?rfOG5 .
vh'/Lsf k|aGw lgb]{zs huGgfy dxh{g eG5g\, æa]s/L pTkfbgnfO{
…df; k|f]8S;gÚdf n}hfg] cu'jf xf}F xfdL .Æ
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