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kfOnf kfOnfdf n'6
7"nf] s/ ltg{ nflhDkf6 k'Ug] 7"nf s/bftf xf]pmg\ jf 6]lnkmf]g dx;"n / ;]jf z'Ns ltg{ b"/;~rf/ ;+:yfg k'Ug] ;fgf s/bftfÙ s/, z'Ns / b:t'/sf gfddf kfOn}lkR5] x}/fg 5g\ t/ ;]jf–;'ljwf s]xL kfpFb}gg\ .

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gf}la;]–d'lUnË v08df s/f]8f}F ?k}ofF ;8s dd{t;Def/ b:t'/ p7fOP klg s[i0feL/ p:t} 5 .

7"nfb]lv ;fgf s/bftf ljleGg s/, z'Ns / b:t'/sf gfddf x}/fg 5g\ . ;/sf/n] 7"nf s/bftfsf] ;'ljwfsf nflu :yfkgf u/]sf] 7"nf s/bftf ;]jf s]Gb|df hfg] dflg;x¿n] uf8L kfls{Ë ug{] 7fpF kfpFb}gg\ . nflhDkf6df ;f] sfof{no k'Ubf df]6/ leq l5/fpg gkfP/ ;8sd} 5f8\g ljjz pBf]uklt /fh]Gb| v]tfg eG5g\, æ;/sf/n] c;'Ng dfq hfg]sf] 5, ;'ljwf lbg hfg]sf] 5}g .Æ

;fgf s/bftfsf] ljhf]u t elg;fWo] 5}g . ‰08} ?=%)) lt/]/ sf7df8f}Faf6 sfs8le§f lxF8]sf] Pp6f ofq'n] a; sDkgLnfO{ ef8f / ;/sf/nfO{ ljleGg s/ lt/]sf] x'G5 . t/ p;nfO{ lbOg] l6s6df ædfn;fdfg x/fPdf sDkgL lhDd]jf/ gx'g], af6f]3f6f]df uf8L lalu|P/ a9L ;do nfu]df Joj:yfkg lhDd]jf/ gx'g]Æ h:tf u}/lhDd]jf/ zt{x¿ /flvPsf] x'G5 . lg/Lx JolQmdfly ;Ël7t ¿kdf ul/g] of] cTofrf/sf] ;'g'jfO{ ug{ clxn];Dd sf]xL cl3 ;/]sf] 5}g . ofq' a:g] ;L6sf] ;/;kmfO / p;nfO{ vfgf v'jfpg uf8L /f]lsPsf] xf]6nsf] u'0f:t/sf] s'/} gu/f}F . nfU5, ef8f / s/ lt/]/ ofqf ug]{ ofq' dxfkfk ul//x]sf] 5 .

;8s–k]6Ldf lgdf{0f ;fdu|L y'kf/]/ lgw{Ss;Fu 3/kvf{n agfP x'G5, a]nfavt k}bn jf ;jf/L ;fwgdf lxF8\g]n] ufnL ug{] afx]s ;/sf/n] s]xL ub{}g . 3/ cf;kf; jf kfos kg{{] ;fj{hlgs If]q 9'Ssn] cfˆgf] sfddf k|of]u u/] x'G5, s;}n] k|Zg p7fpFb}g . ;w}F sfg"g / ;fwg;|f]tsf] cefj b]vfpg] ;/sf/L lgsfo olQ lgn{Hh eO;s] ls df}g a;]/} ;a} s'/f krfOlbG5g\ . kmf]xf]/d}nf tyf ;|f]t kl/rfng P]g @)$$ n] ;fj{hlgs 7fpFdf lgdf{0f ;fdu|L /fVg]nfO{ tTsfn} hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . t/ ;/sf/L lgsfo s]xL yfxf geP ‰}F u/]/ lbg s6fO/x]sf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ ;8s, k]6L, v'Nnf d}bfg, wfld{s:yn nufotsf 7fpFx¿df cltqmd0f ;d]t al9/x]sf] 5 . clwjQmf e/t pk|]tLsf] zAbdf, ædflg;x¿df ;8s / km'6kfynfO{ lghL ;DklQ 7fGg] ;+:sf/ ljsf; eO;s]sf] 5 .Æ

kmf]xf]/d}nf tyf ;|f]t kl/rfng P]g @)$$ n] o;/L ;8sdf lgdf{0f ;fdu|L y'kfg]{nfO{ tTsfn hl/jfgf ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

l8kf6{d]G6 :6f]/ jf k;ndf l5g{';\ gSsnL, Dofb gn]lvPsf], Dofb u'h|]sf] a:t' xfsfxfsL a]Rg /fv]sf] kfOG5 . vfBfGg ldnx¿df d;nfdf wfgsf] e'; ldnfP/ k]lnG5 / To;nfO{ s'g} a|f08sf] KoflsËdf ;hfP/ laqmL ul/G5 . kmf]xf]/ 7fpFdf sf6]/ To:t} k;ndf 6'qm\ofOPsf] df;' vfg'kg{] afWotfdf 5g\ pkef]Qmf, t/ klg u'0f:t/ lgoGq0fsf k|efjsf/L pkfox¿ cjnDag x'Fb}gg\ .

;]jf ljgfsf …;]jfz'NsÚ
ltg'{k5{ eg]kl5 v'?Ss k};f ltl/lbg] cfbt ePsf w]/} g]kfnLnfO{ d}n] s]sf] nflu, sxfF, sltkN6 z'Ns lt/]F / To;afkt s]s:tf] ;]jf ;'ljwf kfpg'k5{ eGg] yfxf gx'g ;S5 . gofF uf8L v/Lb ug{]n] Eof6, btf{ z'Ns afx]s d"Nosf] 8]9 k|ltzt / df]6/;fOsn v/Lb ug{]n] Psd'i6 ?= # xhf/ …zx/L ;8s lgdf{0f tyf ;Def/ b:t'/Ú lt5{g\ . o;afx]s gu/kflnsfsf ;8s k|of]u u/]afkt k|To]s jif{ df]6/n] ?= @)) / df]6/;fOsnn] ?= %) ;jf/L s/ lt5{g\ . To;kl5 t]n xfNbf k|ltln6/ l8hndf %) k};f / k]6«f]ndf ?= ! …;8s dd{t;Def/ z'NsÚ ltg'{k5{ . z'Ns nfUof] 7Ls} 5, cfˆgf] df]6/ jf df]6/;fOsn lnP/ 3/ aflx/ lg:sg';\ /fd|f] cj:yfsf ;8s cf}Fnfdf uGg ;lsg] 5g\ . ToxL ;8s klg kof{Kt 5}g, 7fpF7fpFdf 6«flkms hfd eO/xG5 . k};f glt/] kfls{Ë ug]{ 7fpF;Dd kfOFb}g .

;jf/L;fwgdf dfq xf]Og, 6]lnkmf]gsf] …b"/;~rf/ ;]jf z'NsÚ klg plQs} pb]snfUbf] 5 . …;ls{6sf] cefjn] ;Dks{ x'g;s]g k'gM k|of; ug'{xf]nf, wGojfbÚ eGg] cfjfh ;fdfGo nfUg yfln;s]sf] 5 . clwsf+z df]afOn kmf]gsf] l:qmgdf …g]6js{ lahLÚ cfpF5 . 6]lnkmf]g OGSjfo/Lsf] gDa/ !(& df ;Dks{ x'g d'lZsn k5{ . t/ klg g]kfn b"/;~rf/ ;+:yfgn] p7]sf] landf !) k|ltzt hf]8]/ ;]jfz'Ns lng 5f8]sf] 5}g . 6]lnkmf]g nfOgsf] tTsfn} dd{t, :t/Lo ;]jf, ;''ljwfk"0f{ OGSjfo/L ;]jf / ;lhnf];Fu lan ltg{] ;'ljwfsf nflu u|fxsn] of] ;]jf z'Ns lt/]sf x'g\ . kfgL vfg dg nfu] kfgL / kfnf] kv{g a:g] 7fpFsf] s'/f t k/} hfcf];\, dx;'n a'‰fpg cfpg] u|fxsx¿nfO{ kfls{Ë:yn rflxG5 eGg];Dd klg b"/;~rf/ ;+:yfgn] ;f]r]sf] 5}g . lan ltg{ cfpg]x¿n] Pp6f ;kmf 6\jfOn]6 pkof]u ug{ slxn] kfpnfg\ Û

/]i6'/]06df vfFbf …ko{6g ;]jf z'NsÚ / r'/f]6 jf dlb/f lkpFbf …w'd|kfg tyf dlb/f b:t'/Ú ltg{'k5{ . ;'/Iff sf/afxLsf] nflu klg gful/sx¿ z'Ns ltl//x]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x lgoGq0f ug]{ gfddf ;/sf/n] hg–pkef]Uo j:t'x¿df …;'/Iffz'NsÚ lnFb} cfPsf] 5 . dflyNnfb]lv tNnf txsf s/bftfx¿af6 ;/sf/n] cfos/, eG;f/, cGtMz'Ns, d"No clej[l4 s/, ;jf/L s/ / ;fj{hlgs ;]jf pkof]u u/]afkt yk z'Ns–b:t'/ c;'Ng] cleofg g} rnfPsf] 5 . ;8s, :jf:Yo, ;~rf/, kfls{ª, /]i6'/]06 cflb If]qdf s]Gb|b]lv ufpF:t/;Dd z'Nsx¿ p7fpg] qmd x]bf{ nfU5, ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lgrf]/]/ eP klg ;/sf/ cfˆgf cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ sfddf nfu]sf] 5 .

;}Go k|of]hgsf lglDt k|fKt hUufdf Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf lglDt;d]t ;]gfn] ;~rfng u/]sf] k]6«f]n kDk .

ufpFufpFdf dfcf]jfbLn] dRrfPsf] cftÍ lgoGq0f ug{] gfddf cfSsn‰'Ssn ufpF k'Ug] ;'/IffsdL{sf] sfdaf6 hgpkef]Uo j:t'x¿df nufOPsf] 8]9 k|ltzt ljz]if z'Nssf] pkfb]otf vf]Hg'kg{] cj:yf 5 . ko{6g ;]jfz'Ns / w'd|kfg tyf dlb/f b:t'/ lng'sf] cy{ ko{6sn] xf]6n /]i6'/fFdf tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf lgw{Ss;Fu a;]/ dlb/f / w'd|kfg ug{ kfpg'k5{ eGg] xf], ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] ;dodf xf]Og . ;fF‰ ( ah] g} ha/h:tL xf]6n /]i6'/fF aGb ug{ nufP/ klg Tof] z'Ns p7fO/xg'sf] p2]Zo s/bftfn] ;'ljwf gkfP klg ;/sf/nfO{ k};f rflxPsf] 5 eGg] g} a'l‰G5 . pBf]uklt v]tfg eG5g\, æb'x'g] ufO{nfO{ hlt b'x] klg x'G5 eGg] dfgl;stfaf6 ;/sf/ u|:t 5 .Æ o:tf] dfgl;stfn] :jo+ ;/sf/n] g} cj;/x¿ u'dfO/fv]sf] 5 . nufgLstf{x¿ gofF nufgLaf6 x'g] ;+efljt gfkmf gf]S;fgsf] n]vfhf]vfdf eGbf >d gLlt, /fh:j gLltsf s'/fdf a9L ;+j]bgzLn x'G5g\, h;n] ubf{ gofF nufgL cfP/ /fh:jsf] kl/df0f a9\g] cj;/ u'Db} uO/x]sf] 5 .

z'Ns lng], lhDdf glng]
ljz]if cbfnt sf7df8f}Fdf s'g} sfuhftsf] kmf]6f]skL ubf{ Ps k|ltsf] ?=# ltg'{k5{ . aflx/ ?=! df x'g] kmf]6f]skLsf] oxfF lsg Tolt eg]/ w]/}n] k|Zg ub}{gg\ . s;}n] lxDdt ul/xfNof] eg] klg …lgodd} o:t} 5Ú eGg] hjfkm lbOG5 . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no xg'dfg9f]sfdf cfkm}Fn] n]v]/ nu]sf] hfx]/L b/vf:t sfd nfUb}g . …sfg"gL l/t k'¥ofpg'kg{]Ú jxfgfdf ;DalGwt kmfF6jfnfn] b]vfPs} 7fpFdf uP/ n]vfpg'k5{ . ;se/ k|x/L sfof{no l5g{ gk/f];\ eGg] dfgl;stf af]Sg] w]/} g]kfnLx¿ s'g lgoddf s] n]v]sf] 5 eg]/ k|x/L;Fu ;jfn hjfkm ul//xFb}gg\, ug{] lxDdt klg ub{}gg\ .

sfdgkf / o;sf sd{rf/Ln] o:tf cg'Q/bfoL zt{;lxt cfˆgf] sNof0fsf nflu of] z'Ns p7fpg] clwsf/ sxfFaf6 k|fKt u/], s;}n] k|Zg} ub}{g <

csf]{ pbfx/0f 5, dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] . ToxfF hfg]x¿n] cfkm"n] hfg] klg cfkm}F lgj]bg n]Vg'x'Fb}g . ToxLF …leh]sfÚ s'g} n]vgbf;sf] z/0fdf k¥of] eg] sfd tTsfn} x'G5, gq csf]{ ;ftf . clwsf+z ;/sf/L c8\8fx¿df lgj]bg–kmf/d, x'nfs l6s6 ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ldn]dtf]df ;~rflnt 7fpFdf eGbf aflx/ uP/ lsGg ;lsFb}g . s;}n] tf]lsPsf] eGbf a9L /sd ltg'{kg]{ o:tf ;fdu|L jf ;]jfsf] ljsNksf] vf]hL u¥of] eg] p;n] aGg] sfd laufg{ k'U5 . pkef]Qmf d~r g]kfnsf dxf;lrj k|]dnfn dxh{gsf] egfOdf clwsf+z ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿df kmf/d÷ l6s6x¿sf] Jofkf/df ToxfFsf sd{rf/L ;d]t ldn]sf …¥ofs]6Ú ;+nUg /x]sf] x'G5 .

zx/af;Lsf] kL/ kfls{ª
clxn] sf7df8f}Faf;LnfO{ lkg]{ ;a}eGbf bx|f] / 7"nf] ¥ofs]6 ePsf] 5, kfls{ª . gofF;8sdf lsgd]n ug{ hfg] xf];\ jf b"/;~rf/, AofÍ, k|x/L sfof{no, lrl8ofvfgf, dfnkf]t, l;g]df xn, kf]:6aS;Ù hf];'s}n] klg kfls{Ë z'Ns ltg'{k5{ . lj/fdL e]6\g c:ktfn÷gl;{Ëxf]d hfg], wd{ ug{ jf dnfdL eP/ kz'klt k'Ug]x¿n] ;d]t kfls{ª z'Ns ltg'{k5{ . s'g} df]6/;fOsn r9\g]n] cfkm";Fu ?=!) 5}g eg] dxf/fhu~hsf] lqe'jg ljZjljBfno lzIf0f c:ktfndf lj/fdL x]g{ guP x'G5 . t/ 5f8ftGq olt;Dd 5 ls kfls{ª ul/Psf] 7fpFsf] df]6/;fOsnsf] ;'/Iff kfls{ª ;~rfng ug{]n] xf]Og, ToxfF ;jf/L;fwg 5f]8]/ lxF8\g] ;jf/L wgL cfkm}Fn] ug{'kg{] zt{ ;lxtsf] l6s6 ydfOG5 -x]=l6s6_ .

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% n] gu/kflnsfx¿nfO{ æcfkm"n] kfls{ªsf nflu Joj:yf ul/Psf :yfgx¿df ;jf/L ;fwg tyf kfls{ª ePsf] ;do cg';f/sf] b//]6df kfls{ª z'Ns p7fpg ;Sg]Æ clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . lghLIf]q afx]s sf7df8f}F nufot clwsf+z gu/kflnsfn] cfkm}Fn] kfls{ª:yn agfPsf 5}gg\ . t/ clwsf+z zx/x¿df ;8ssf lsgf/f jf k]6LnfO{ kfls{ª:yn agfOPsf] 5 . hgtfsf] s/af6 agfOPsf ;8s / ltgsf lsgf/fdf gu/kflnsf, To;sf sNof0fsf/L ;+3;+:yf jf c¿ s'g} Snj / ;Ë7gsf] tkm{af6 l6s6 lbP/ kfls{ª z'Ns c;'Ng] clwsf/ pgLx¿n] sxfFaf6 kfP eg]/ clxn];Dd s;}n] klg k|Zg p7fPsf 5}gg\ .

dLg ah|frfo{ hgtfsf] s/af6 ag]sf] ;8s k]6Lsf] lsgf/fnfO{ ;–z'Ns df]6/;fOsn kfls{Ë :yn -tn_ k|of]u ug]{ dxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ km'6kfydf k;n yfKg] Jofkf/Lsf] ;fdfg vf]:g] g}lts an sxfFaf6 k|fKt eof] .

Snj jf ;ldltsf gfddf /fhwfgLdf kfls{ª z'Ns c;'Ng]x¿ ;of}F 5g\ . !@ 7fpFdf dxfgu/kflnsfn] lghL If]qnfO{ 7]Ssfdf lbP/ kfls{ª :yn rnfPsf] 5 . z'qmky, wd{ky, lvrfkf]v/L, Ko'vf, lkknaf]6, /0fd'Qm]Zj/, lqb]jLdfu{, b/af/dfu{, ;'Gwf/f, gofFafg]Zj/, zÍ/b]j SofDk; cufl8 / dxfFsfn:yfgdf dxfgu/kflnsfn] 7]s]bf/dfkm{t\ z'Ns c;'N5 . oBlk oL s'g} klg dxfgu/kflnsfn] agfPsf kfls{ª:yn xf]Ogg\, hgtfsf] s/af6 lgld{t ;8s lsgf/ jf k]6L x'g\ . sfdgkfsf] tYofÍ cg';f/ rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] ^ dlxgf ;fpgb]lv k';;Dddf oL 7fpFaf6 dxfgu/kflnsfn] s/La ?=#* nfv kfls{ª z'Ns p7fPsf] b]lvG5 . o;afx]s :yfgLo ;Ë7g÷Sna÷;d"x cflbn] 6f]n ;8s hxLFtxLF p7fpg] kfls{ª z'Nssf] s'g} n]vfhf]vf g} 5}g . b}lgs nfvf}F ?k}ofFsf] :t/df hDdf x'g] of] ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ sxfF hfG5, s;/L vr{ x'G5 s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g . sf7df8f}Fsf d]o/ s]zj :yflkt cfkm}F :jLsf5{g\, ækfls{ªdf Jofks c/fhstf 5, h'g rfx]/ klg lgoGq0f x'g;s]sf] 5}g .Æ dxfgu/kflnsfn] s:tf] k|of; u/]/ klg /f]Sg g;s]sf] xf] eGg] tYo ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5}g . Pp6f lglZrt ;d"xsf] :jfy{k"lt{ x'g] ePsf]n] g} of] c/fhstf g/f]lsPsf] cg'dfg ug{ ufx|f] 5}g .

jiff{ nfUg} k/]g, rf/–kfFr jif{b]lv k[YjL /fhdfu{sf] kLnf] ag]sf] s[i0feL/n] o;kfln df3]‰/Ld} sfon kf¥of] . To:t} r'gf}tL ag]/ of] jif{b]lv d'lUnª–gf/fo0f3f6 v08 ylkPsf] 5 . of] ToxL ;8s sf] s'/f xf], h;sf] gf}la;]–d'lUnË v08df !) jif{b]lv ;/sf/n] /fhdfu{ k|of]u b:t'/ p7fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . b}lgs ?=$)–%) xhf/ p7\g] of] b:t'/n] s[i0feL/sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . jflif{s s/La ?=! s/f]8 *) nfv p7\bf klg o:t} ;d:ofn] ofq'n] 306f}F;Dd af6f]df cnkq kg{'kb{5 . o;dfly uf8L lsGbf, uf8Ldf OGwg xfNbf nufOPsf] ;8s dd{t ;Def/ z'Ns a]Un} 5 . gLltlgdf{0f txdf a:g]x¿ ;d]t o;nfO{ cf}lrToxLg 7fG5g\ . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf ;b:o 8f= o'j/fh vltj8f eG5g\, æOGwgdf nufOPsf] z'Nsaf6} ;8s ;Def/sf nflu oy]i6 k};f p7\5 eg] c¿ n]eLx¿ p7fO/xg' h?/L 5}g .Æ

lghL Joj;foL klg p:t}
;/sf/ dfq xf]Og, lghL Joj;foLsf] klg s/bftfk|lt ;xof]uL efjgf b]lvFb}g . k|d'v zx/sf clwsf+z l;g]df xn Jojl:yt 5}gg\ . /fhwfgLsf uf]kLs[i0f, ljZjHof]ltnufot clwsf+z xndf l;g]df x]g{ hfFbf df]6/;fOsn /fv]sf] ?=!) kfls{ª z'Ns ltg'{k5{ . sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] gu/ If]qleqsf] lgdf{0f dfkb08 cg';f/ l;g]df3/x¿n] cfkm"n] rr]{sf] hUufsf] @) k|ltzt If]q kfls{ªsf nflu 5'6\ofpg] zt{df xn agfpg] cg'dlt kfPsf x'G5g\ . bz{sn] ;f]xL If]qdf ;jf/L;fwg kfs{ u/]/ l;g]df x]5{, dgf]/~hg s/ ;d]t lt5{ . t/ lj8Dagf xn ;~rfng ubf{ kfls{ªsf nflu 5f]l8Psf] 7fpFdf km]l/ kfls{ª z'Ns lnOG5 . cg'dlt lbg], cg'udg ug]{ lgsfonfO{ o;df s'g} rf;f] x'Fb}g . xnx¿af6 p7\g] dgf]/~hg s/ vr{ ug{] rnlrq ljsf; af]8{n] klg o:tf s'/fsf] cg'udg ub{}g . clwjQmf e/t pk]|tL o;nfO{ æs/bftfdflysf] n'6Æ eG5g\ .

lqlj lzIf0f c:ktfn, dxf/fhu~hsf] lgMz'Ns elgPsf] If]qdf df]6/;fOsn kfls{ª ug]{n] ?=!) ltg'{k5{ .

;/sf/n] dgf]dfgLk"0f{ 9Ën] p7fPsf] s/–z'Ns–b:t'/s} kl/0ffd xf], kfls{ª /fVg] zt{df cg'dlt kfPsf l;g]dfxnx¿df kfls{ª z'Ns c;'Ng] ;fx; knfPsf] . ;8s k]6Ldf dxfgu/kflnsfn] u/]sf] kfls{ª …lahg];Ús} kl/0ffd xf], Jofkf/Lx¿n] km'6kfy / ;8s 5]pdf k;n vf]Ng], 3/ agfpg]x¿n] lgdf{0f ;fdu|L y'kfg]{ ;fx; u/]sf . cfkm}F ;8s k]6Laf6 kfls{ª z'Ns p7fpg] dxfgu/kflnsf;Fu gu/ k|x/L nufP/ km'6kfysf Jofkf/L nv]6\g] g}lts an b]lvFb}g .

o:t} s'/fx¿sf] l;sf] u/]/ x'g;S5, ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf h'g;'s} lgx'Fdf hxfFtxLF k};f p7fpg] rng klg lgs} a9]sf] 5 . dlGb/, pT;j, Sna, ;fdflhs sfo{ h'g;'s} axfgf agfP/ af6f]3f6f], /fhdfu{df hxfF dg nfUof] ToxLF tuf/f] t]:of{of] / k};f p7fof], /f]Sg–;f]Wg sf]xL cfpFb}g Û o:tf k|j[lQx¿ 8/nfUbf b'3{6gfsf sf/0f ;d]t ePsf 5g\ . ^ kmfu'gdf dfcf]jfbLn] rGbf p7fPsf] cfzÍfdf ;'/Iff kmf}hn] rnfPsf] uf]nLaf6 lrtjgsf] h'u]8Ldf o;}u/L k};f p7fO/x]sf tLg lszf]/lszf]/L dfl/Psf lyP .

z'Ns} z'Ns, s/} s/
zx/L If]qleq tf]lsPsf] ;dodf uGtJodf k'Ug d'lZsn k5{ . sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf uf}zfnf–af}4, dfOlt3/–sdnkf]v/L, n}grf}/–dxf/fhu~h, gofFahf/–n}grf}/, sf]6]Zj/–eQmk'/, snÍL–lqk'/]Zj/ cflb ?6 x'Fb} st} hfg' 5 eg] dflg;x¿ bf]xf]¥ofP/ ;f]Rg afWo x'G5g . lbg}lkR5] h:tf] x'g] gf/fh'n';, x8\tfnn] lbg] b'Mv t 5Fb}5Ù ;jf/L ;ª\Vofdf ePsf] cTolws j[l4n] 6«flkms hfd lbgk/lbg nlDaFb} uO/x]sf] 5 . k'/fgf ;8ssf] dd{t gug{], gofF ;8s gagfpg] ePkl5 oftfoft hfd x'g ;w}F h'n'; wgf{ eO/xg} kb{}g .

zx/L ;8s lgdf{tf dxfgu/kflnsf Pstfsf v'a} hf]l;Psf] / …dxfgu/kflnsf sfd ub}{5–tkfO{F s] ub}{ x'g'x'G5Ú h:tf Ovfn' gf/f n]v]/ …sfdÚdf le8]sf] h:tf] b]lvGYof] . clxn] ljBdfg ;8sx¿ rf}8f kfg{ wdfwd 3/ eTsfO/x]sf] dxfgu/kflnsf;Fu gofF ;8s vf]Hg]–yKg] of]hgf eg] 5}g . hals p;s} tYofÍ cg';f/, ljutdf af6f] ePsf 7fpF cltqmd0f u/L 3/ agfOPsfn] s/La tLg ;o lsnf]ld6/ ;8s x/fPsf] 5 . o;afx]s aLrdf Ps–b'O{ 3/sf sf/0f y'lgPsf b'O{lt/af6 cfPsf ;8sx¿ b'O{ ;o lsdLsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5g\ . d]o/ :yflkt eg] …;/sf/n] Nofpg nfu]sf] /fhwfgL zx/ P]g cfPkl5 dfq dxfgu/kflnsf ultzLn x'G5Ú eGb} klG5g vf]H5g\ .

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% n] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, dxf÷gu/kflnsf tyf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx¿nfO{ c;Lldt clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . ;f]xL clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/]/ :yfgLo lgsfox¿n] e/k'/ s/–b:t'/–z'Ns p7fpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . ;f]xL P]g cg';f/ u7g ePsf] :yfgLo ljsf; z'Ns sf]ifdf jif]{gL ‰08} 8]9 ca{ ?k}ofF p7\5 . cfd hgtfn] pkef]u ug]{ ;fdu|Ldf nufOPsf] s/af6 hDdf x'g] o; sf]ifdf cfly{s jif{ @)%(÷^) df p7]sf] ?=! ca{ $* s/f]8dWo] ?=% s/f]8 cfkm}Fn] /fv]/ ;/sf/n] ?=! ca{ $# s/f]8 lhlj; / gu/kflnsfx¿df ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . o;/L hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfx¿n] s] s;/L vr{ ug{] u/]sf 5g\ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g .

cfˆgf] If]q leqsf ;8s, 9n, kfls{ª, ;8s aQL, km'6kfy, dgf]/~hg:yn, kfs{, au}Frf h:tf ljifodf ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ s] s:tf] c;'ljwf 5 x]g]{ sfd gu/kflnsfsf] xf] . eb|k'/ / s~rgk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] s] s'/f, sf7df8f}Fs} ;a} ;8sdf /flt ;8s aQL aNb}gg\ . dfOlt3/–Po/kf]6{, b/af/dfu{, sflGtkyh:tf s]xL ;Lldt ;8sx¿afx]s sf7df8f}Fsf af6fx¿ /flt cGwsf/do x'G5g\ . dxfgu/kflnsfsf] x}l;otdf cfly{s / /fhgLlts lx:;f a9L vf]Hg] t/ hgtfk|lt k'¥ofpg'kg]{ ;]jftkm{ eg] pbf;Lg /xg] k|j[lQ 5 sfdgkfsf] . :jo+ dxgu/kflnsfsf s/ clws[t g'/gLlw Gof}kfg] :jLsf5{g\, æz'Ns lnP a/fa/ ;]jf lbg ;lsPsf] 5}g .Æ

dx]Gb| /fhdfu{sf] gf/fo0f3f6–x]6f}F8f / gf/fo0f3f6–a'6jn v08df klg /fhdfu{ k|of]u b:t'/ p7fpg yflnPsf] 5 . jf?0foGq, PDa'n]G;, zjjfxg / ljlzi6 JolQmx¿ r9]sf] df]6/nfO{ gnfUg] o:tf] z'Ns clw/fHosf ;ft 7fpFdf p7fpg] ;8s ljefusf] of]hgf 5 . ;8s ;Def/tkm{ a9]sf] vr{ /fHo PSn}n] wfGg g;Sg] x'gfn] k|of]u stf{af6} z'Ns lng] Joj:yf ul/Psf] atfpFb} /f]8 af]8{sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs lbksgfy rfln;] eG5g\, æk|To]s ;o lsnf]ld6/kl5 k'gM z'Ns lnP/ ;f]xL v08sf] dd{t;Def/ ug]{ cGt/f{li6«o dfGotf cg';f/ of] gLlt nfu" ePsf] xf] .Æ ;jf/L ;fwg / ;8s v08 x]/]/ Ps k6sdf ?=% b]lv #% ;Dd lnOg] /fhdfu{ k|of]u b:t'/ nufot ;8s ;'wf/;Fu ;DalGwt cGo z'Nsx¿af6 jflif{s ?=! ca{ p7\g] af]8{sf] cg'dfg 5 .

w'd|kfgnfO{ SofG;/ / Ifo/f]usf] k|d'v sf/s dfg]/ ;/sf/n] tL /f]u lgoGq0fsf nflu !) jif{cl3 w'd|kfg ug]{x¿af6} z'Ns p7fpg z'? u¥of] . :jf:Yo s/ sf]ifsf nflu p7]sf] /sdsf] &% k|ltzt e/tk'/l:yt jLkL d]df]l/on SofG;/ c:ktfndf hfG5 eg] afFsL @% k|ltzt ;DalGwt /f]usf] lgoGq0f / pkrf/df sf]if :jo+n] vr{ u5{ . @)%*÷%( ;Dddf hDdf ePsf] ;f9] PSsfO; s/f]8 ?k}ofFdWo] e/tk'/l:yt jLkL d]df]l/on SofG;/ c:ktfn lgdf{0fsf] nflu ?= !^ s/f]8 eGbf a9L vr{ ul/Psf] 5 . dlb/ftkm{ cfoftLt / 3/]n' dlb/fafkt ;a} lsl;dsf s/x¿ lnO;s]kl5 k|ltln6/ @% k};fb]lv ?=! ;Dd p7fOg] dlb/f lgoGq0f tyf ;]jf b:t'/af6 jflif{s ‰08} ?=! s/f]8 %) nfv p7\5 . g]kfn b"/;~rf/ ;+:yfgn] u|fxsx¿sf] 6]lnkmf]g landf p7]sf] /sddf !) k|ltzt yk]/ lnO/x]sf] …b"/;~rf/ ;]jf z'NsÚ / cGo s/x¿af6 jflif{s s]xL ca{ ?k}ofF p7fpF5 . ;]jf z'Nssf] sf/0f b"/;~rf/ cTolws gfkmf sdfpg] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] ¿kdf lrlgPsf] 5 .

pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g @)%$ n] Dofb gv'n]sf / gf3]sf o:tf ;fdu|Lsf] a]rljvgdf /f]s nufPsf] 5 .

lx;fa gb]lvg] cfDbfgL–vr{
;]jf tyf ;'ljwfsf] k|of]u u/]afkt x'g] o:tf] sdfO{sf] cfDbfgL–vr{sf] ljj/0f kf/bzL{ 5}g . o:tf] /sd ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfon] g} vr{ ug{ kfpg] 5'6 lbP/ sfo{ ;~rfng sf]if P]g cGtu{t ljleGg sf]ifx¿ ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ . To:tf sf]ifx¿df hDdf x'g] k};f / To;sf] vr{sf] lx;fa–lstfasf] cflwsfl/s hfgsf/L ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ dfq xf]Og, ;/sf/nfO{ klg x'Fb}g . @)%( df3df u7g ePsf] ljQLo ;'wf/ sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bgn] oltv]/ d'n'sdf s/La ;f9] tLg bh{g sf]ifx¿ ;~rfng eO/x]sf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L vr{sf] lx;falstfa /fVg] dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] ;Íng u/]sf] tYofÍ cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)%(÷^) df sfo{ ;~rfng sf]if P]g cGtu{t ag]sf ljleGg sf]ifx¿dWo] #! j6f sf]ifdf p7]sf] ?=@ ca{ &^ s/f]8 /fli6«o 9's'6Ldf k|j]z gul/sg} vr{ ePsf] 5 .

pbfx/0fsf] nflu, Eof6 ltg]{ xf]6n / /]i6'/]06df lnOg] b'O{ k|ltzt ko{6s ;]jf z'Ns cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefuaf6 ;f]‰} g]kfn ko{6g af]8{df k'U5 / af]8{n] cfkm}F vr{ u5{ . To:t}, cGo sf]ifx¿sf] klg cfˆg} vr{ k|lqmof x'G5 . ;x–dxfn]vf lgoGqs w|'j bfxfn y'k|} sf]ifx¿sf] cfDbfgL–vr{sf] /]s8{ /fVg g;lsPsf] atfpF5g\ . o;n] ljleGg gfddf ;j{;fwf/0faf6 ;Íng ul/Psf] 7"nf] /sd ckf/bzL{ k|lqmofaf6 vr{ eO/x]sf] b]vfpF5 . s/lj1 rGb|dl0f clwsf/Lsf] egfOdf, æ/fli6«o vftfdf gb]lvg] oL sf]ifx¿n] sxfF slt vr{ u/] eg]/ yfxf kfpg] ;+oGq g} 5}g .Æ

;/sf/L 9's'6Ldf guOsg vr{ x'g] o:tf sf]ifx¿df slt cfDbfgL x'G5, sxfF sxfF vr{ x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{nonfO{ gePkl5 ;/sf/nfO{ klg x'g] s'/} ePg . To:tf] /sd vr{ x'g] sfo{qmd / If]qaf/] ;+j}wflgs / sfg"gL lgsfox¿df 5nkmn x'Fb}g . kf/bzL{ k|lqmof / pQ/bfoL lgsfosf] cefjdf vr{ x'g] o:tf] /sdsf af/]df g]kfnsf] ljQLo If]q ;'wf/df k|ToIf ;xof]u ul//x]sf] cGt/f{li6«o d'b|fsf]ifn] ;d]t a]nfavt cfklQ hgfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf ;b:o 8f= o'j/fh vltj8fsf] ljZn]if0f klg o:t} 5 . pgL eG5g\, ævf;–vf; If]qsf s]xL sf]ifx¿ afx]s cGodf /fHo ;+nUg x'g}k5{ . w]/} sf]ifx¿ l;h{gf ug{ pT;flxt ug{ x'Gg o;af6 ;+;b afOkf; x'G5 .Æ x'g klg s'g vftfdf slt k};f 5, s;n] rnfpF5, slt cfDbfgL–vr{ eof] st} b]vfpg' gkg]{ clwsf+z o:tf z'Nsx¿ ;DalGwt dGqfnosf ;lrjsf] ;+of]hsTjdf u7g ePsf sf]ifx¿ dfkm{t\ p7fpg] ul/G5 . g]kfn /fi6« AofÍsf lgb]{zs uf]ljGbaxfb'/ yfkfsf] egfOdf æof] ljQLo c/fhstfsf] k/fsfi7f xf] .Æ

e/tk'/l:yt SofG;/ c:ktfndf ag]sf] :jLldªk'n tyf 6]lg;sf]6{df ul/Psf] nufgL of] k/fsfi7fsf] Pp6f pbfxf/0f x'g;S5 . r'/f]6 vfg]x¿af6 k|ltlvNnL Ps k};f lnP/ SofG;/ c:ktfnsf nflu p7fPsf] /sd vr{ ubf{ hjfkm lbg' gkg]{ efjgfn] x'g;S5 c:ktfn k|zf;gn] :jf:Yof]krf/;Fu k|ToIf ;DalGwt ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf eGbf klg :jLldªk'n agfpg Tof] k};f vr{ u¥of] . ljQLo ;'wf/ sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bgn] of] vr{nfO{ …b'?kof]uÚ sf] ;+1f lbPsf] 5 . k|ltj]bg eG5, æo:tf sf]ifdf hDdf x'g] 7"nf] /fzLsf] pkof]u kf/bzL{ tl/sfn] x'g' tyf cGo cfjZos u|fdL0f If]qx¿df qmdzM a9L k|ltzt /sd pknAw u/fpg'k5{ .Æ

b]zdf zflGt;'/Iff :yfkgfsf nflu …o'lgkmfO8 sdf08Ú sf] gfddf ;'/Iffsf rf/j6} c+u ;]gf, z;:q k|x/L, hgky k|x/L tyf /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefunfO{ kl/rfng ul/Psf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL lj?4 nl8/x]sf] o'lgkmfO8 sdf08sf] cfjZostf hgtfaf6 ltl/Psf] s/af6} wflgPsf] x'G5 . ;'/Iff sf/afxLn] a9fPsf] vr{ wfGg ;/sf/n] s]xL jif{b]lv ljz]if z'Ns p7fpg z'? u/]sf] xf] . t/ hgtfaf6 yk s/ p7fP/} vr{ wflg/x]sf ;]gf / k|x/L h:tf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ cfkm}F klg …sNof0f sf]ifÚ sf] gfddf Jofkf/ ul//x]sf 5g\, h;sf] kf/blz{tf ;w}F ljjfbsf] ljifo aGb}cfPsf] 5 .

x/]s gofF s/nfO{ lnP/ xf]–xNnf dRrfpg] pBf]uL, Jofkf/Lx¿ ;]jf z'Ns / b:t'/sf af/]df k|foM df}g b]lvG5g\ . pkef]Qmfaf6 c;'n ul/g] x'gfn] pgLx¿nfO{ o;df vf;} cfklQ gnfu]sf] x'g'k5{ . o:tf sf]ifdf p7\g] /sdsf] s]xL k|ltzt …Xof08lnª rfh{Ú lng kfpg] x'gfn] xf]nf, ;/sf/n] klg ;j{;fwf/0f dfly k/]sf] cfly{s df/k|lt cfFvf lrlDng] u/]sf] 5 . lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtfdf ljsf; ;+/rgfx¿sf] lgdf{0f ug{] ;/sf/L gLlt k|sfzdf cfO/x]sf] a]nf hgtfn] ;fj{hlgs ;]jf / k"jf{wf/sf] If]qdf z'Ns cg';f/sf] ;]jf kfP÷gkfPsf] af/]df ;/sf/n] tTsfn} cg'udg / lgoGq0f ug{ yfn]g eg] ef]ln lghL If]qn] klg clxn]sf] u}/lhDd]jf/ k|j[lQs} l;sf] ug{ yfNg]5 . To;j]nf pTkGg x'g] eofjx cj:yfsf] clxn] sNkgf dfq ug{ ;lsG5 .

…/fhwfgL dxFu} x'G5Ú
s]zj :yflkt
d]o/, sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsf

dLg ah|frfo{

gful/s;Fu h]–hlt ljifox¿df z'Ns lnOPsf] 5 To; a/fa/ ;]jf lbOPsf] 5 <
k"/fk"/ 5}g, t/ xfd|f] sf]lzz rflxF 5 . dxfgu/kflnsfn] jif{el/ ug]{ sfd sfjf{xLx¿ :yfgLoaf;Lx¿s} l;kmfl/;df agfPsf 5f}F . dxfgu/af;Ln] h'g s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf 5g\ sfdgkfn] To;}nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] 5 .

;]jf lagfsf] z'Ns lnP/ sfdgkfn] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hLjg dxFuf] agfPsf] 5}g t <
/fhwfgL eg]sf] hxfF klg dxFu} x'G5 . d sf7df8f}FnfO{ g]kfnsf] dxFuf] zx/ agfpg rfxG5' . t/, lnOPsf] z'Ns a/fa/sf] ;]jf lbP/ . ;/sf/ / :yfgLo lgsfoaLrsf] c;fd~h:otfn] of] x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . zx/ leqsf] af6f], ljB't\, kfgL, 9n cflb :yfgLo lgsfosf] lhDdfdf elgP klg k"0f{ ¿kdf lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf] 5}g . ;/sf/n] hf/L ug'{kg]{ /fhwfgL zx/ P]g -Soflk6n l;6L PS6_ hf/L gu/]s} sf/0f cGof}n ePsf] 5 .

zx/el/ p7\g] kfls{ª z'Ns sfdgkfdf cfpF5 <
kfls{ªdf Psbd} c/fhstf ePsf] d klg :jLsf5'{ . s]xL lglZrt :yfgsf afx]s w]/} 7fpFsf] kfls{ªsf] k};f sfdgkfdf cfpFb}g . Ps vfn] ¥ofs]6 g} ;+nUg ePsf] ;'g]sf] 5' . rfF8} g} o;nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ ;f]rfO 5 .

agfpg eGbf eTsfpg sl:;g'ePsf] 5 lg <
agfpgsf] nflu eTsfpg t k5{ g} . zx/ olt cJojl:yt tl/sfn] a;]sf] 5 ls o;nfO{ gofF :j?k lbgsf nflu klg eTsfpg' kb{5 . To;f] t xfdL ;8s agfpg] / a9fpg] b'j} sfd ul//x]sf 5f}F . y'k|} 7fpFdf tkfO{F ;8s km/flsnf] kfg{] sfd eO/x]sf] b]Vg ;Sg'x'G5 .

;8s a9fpg] w'gdf k}bnofqLnfO{ la;{g'ePsf] 5 lg <
x}g, k}bn ofqL xfd|f] k|fyldstfdf k5{g\ . hxfF klg ;8s a9fOPsf] 5 ToxfF km'6kfy klg ag]sf] 5 . xf], sf7df8f}Fdf km'6kfy Jofkf/n] k}bn ofqLnfO{ c;lhnf] agfPsf] 5 . xfdLn] gu/ k|x/Ldfkm{t\ o;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ k|of; ub}{ cfPsf 5f}F . tkfO{F s] a'´g';\ eg] clxn]nfO{ ;8s dfq} a9]sf] xf] kl5 km'6kfy klg a9\5 . t/ s;/L Tof] rflxF d clxn] elGbgF .