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zLtsfndf s7fª\lu|Psf] o'sflnK6; -d;nfsf] ¿v_ nfO{ lxdfnsf] wfl/nf] l;/]6f]n] df/ xfgL l5gfOlbg] kf] xf] ls eGg] qf;n] slj zÍ/ nfld5fg] hlt lrlGtt 5g\, To;eGbf a9L lrlGtt x'g'kg]{ lbg cfOk/]sf 5g\ . cfly{s lxpFbn] sqmSs kf/]sf] ;/sf/sf sf/0f g]kfnsf] ;fd'bflos jgsf] lz/ k;{g gkfpFb} sfl6g] eof], d"nf l5lgP‰}F l5lgg] eof] egL ;fd'bflos jgsf pkef]Qmfx¿ 56\kl6g yfn]sf 5g\ .

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] cfly{s cWofb]z @)^) sf] bkmf !( df ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx¿n] jg k}bfjf/sf] laqmLaf6 p7fPsf] /sdsf] ;os8f rfnL; ;l~rt sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . st} s]xL 5nkmn} gul/sg NofOPsf] o; cWofb]zsf sf/0f cfqmf]lzt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmfx¿ ca ;+/If0flt/ x}g ;+xf/lt/ cu|;/ x'g'kg]{ afWotf l;h{gf ePsf] dx;"; ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . lghL jg hËn /fli6«os/0f ug]{ @)!# ;fnsf] gLltn] lgDTofPsf] jftfj/0fLo b'b{zf k'gM gbf]xf]l/of];\ eGg] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLsf] lrGtf ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/L gLltsf sf/0f æ;fd'bflos jg ;a}sf nflu, ;w}Fsf nfluÆ eGg] k|Tofe"lt IfL0f x'g uPdf o;df r'lnFb} uPsf] hg;xeflutf, ulxl/Fb} uPsf] cf:yf / pQ/bfloTj eTsg yfNb5 . To;af6 kg]{ jftfj/0fLo ;d:of g]kfnn] ef]lu;s]sf] Joyf xf] . To;}n] jg hf]ufpg] sfd g5f]8\g ;Dk"0f{ jg pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ cfu|x dfq x}g ljGtL g} la;fpg' pko'Qm xf]nf .

xl/of] jg g]kfnsf] wgM of] hgplQm kxf8L jgdf eGbf t/fO{, dw]z / r'/]sf jgdf ljz]if ;fy{s /x]sf] xf] . g]kfndf h'g jgnfO{ wg elgG5, To;sf] d"No sf7df dfq ;Lldt /xg] k/Dk/f 5 . t/ jg eg]sf] j[If dfq x}g / j[If eg]sf] sf7 dfq x}g . sf7 afx]s jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] cGo jGo kbfy{, jg:klt, h8La'6L / jGohGt'sf] ;d]t n]vfhf]vf x'g'k5{ . jgn] h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ af;:yfgsf] dxŒj klg cfly{s d"Nodf n]vfhf]vfsf] ljifo aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . o;}u/L jftfj/0f ;Gt'ng, ljz]if u/]/ kfgL, jiff{ / df};dsf] cg's"ntf agfO/fVg jg ;+/If0fn] v]Ng] e"ldsfnfO{ xfdLn] df}lb|s wgsf] kl/efiffleq Nofpg ;Sb}gf}F . dfgj ;dfh / jgsf] ;DaGwnfO{ klg k};fsf] t/fh'df hf]Vg ;Qm}gf}F . o; kl/k|]Iodf x]bf{ jg ljgfzaf6 x'g] jftfj/0fLo k|efj, ;fdflhs k|efj / cfly{s k|efjnfO{ ;dli6ut ¿kdf gx]/L jg ;+/If0faf6 s'g} klg ;d'bfo klG5g'x'Fb}g . …xl/of] jg g]kfnsf] wgÚ dfq x}g g]kfnLsf] hLjg klg xf] . hnsf] ;|f]t, hldgsf] pTkfbg / hg:jf:Yosf] nflu z'4 xfjf cfˆg} jl/kl/sf] jgn] ;FuflnlbPsf] x'G5, ;DxflnlbPsf] x'G5 .

;fd'bflos jg ;a}sf nflu ;w}Fsf nfluM ;fd'bflos jgsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ k|ultzLn 9Ëaf6 cl3 a9fpgdf g]kfn ljZjd} cu|h /fi6«sf ¿kdf kl/lrt 5 . o;df ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx¿sf] nugzLntf, bft[ ;+:yf Pj+ ldq/fi6«x¿sf] ;bf;o, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] lgikIf ;]jf / hg;d'bfosf] pRr dgf]an, b[9 jfrf / sd{k|ltsf] ;ÍNk lgZro g} k|z+;gLo 5g\ . jg Joj:yfkgsf] Oltxf;n] hg;xeflutf lagf jg ;'/lIft x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotf :yflkt u/fO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] ljut aL;÷kRrL; jif{b]lv ;a}sf] Ps} lha|f] /Xof] æjg hf]ufpgf];\ of] tkfO{Fx¿s} ;DklQ xf] .Æ ;fd'bflos jg ;a}sf nflu / ;w}Fsf nflu eGg] gf/f lbgk/lbg k|rlnt x'g yfNof] . æxfdLn] jg x'sf{Pkl5 ;/sf/ nfUg] xf] lsÆ eGg] qf;af6 hg;d'bfo k|foM d'Qm eO;s]sf] cfhsf] cj:yfdf jt{dfg cWofb]z @)^) sf] jg k}bfjf/ z'Nssf sf/0f Ps gofF ;Í6sf] aLp cª\s'/fPsf] 5 . o; ljZjf;sf] ;Í6nfO{ ;dodf g} lg/fs/0f ug{ ;/sf/ / ;d'bfoaLr ;fd~h:o / ;d‰bf/L a9fpg' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 . o;df ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3 / jg dGqfnon] ;sf/fTds e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{k5{ .

g]kfnsf @( j6f kxf8L lhNnfdf /x]sf] @@ nfv x]S6/ jg hËndWo] ! nfv %) xhf/ -& k|ltzt_ dfq ;fd'bflos jgsf] ¿kdf x:tfGt/0f ePsf] 5 . kmn:j?k /fli6«o jg dflysf] rfk c‰} 36]sf] 5}g / k|lt jif{ ;os8f @=# sf] b/n] kxf8L jg If]q x|f; eO/x]sf] 5 . ck‰{6 NofOPsf] $) k|ltzt s/sf k|fjwfgn] gofF jg ;sfg'{eGbf ;/sf/L jgs} pkef]u ug]{ k|j[lQnfO{ j9fjf lbg] ;Defjgf w]/} 5 . kmn:j?k jg If]q 36\g] b/ c¿ r'lng yfNb5Ù lsgeg] ;fd'bflos jg ;w}Fsf nflu eGg] efjgfdf cf3ft k/]sf] 5 .

k|s[ltsf] ;+/rgfdf g]kfn cg]stf / ljljwtfsf] Ps cgf}7f] ;Fufnf] xf] . To;}n] kxf8L jg Joj:yfkgsf] 9fFrfn] t/fO{df /fd|f] sfd ub}{g / t/fO{sf] 9fFrf kxf8df rNb}g . kxf8sf] 9fFrf lxdfnL If]q / ef]6 k|b]zdf klg rNb}g . Pp6} efiff Pp6} e]if eGg] cjwf/0ffn] /fhgLlts ¿kdf g} xf/ vfO;s]sf] 5 . t/fO{, r'/] / leqL dw]zdf :yfkgf ePsf ;fd'bflos jgaf6 pkef]Qmfn] ;d"x aflx/ laqmL ubf{ k|fKt /sdsf] rfnL; k|ltzt ;DalGwt jg sfof{nodf bflvnf ug'{kg]{ eGg] @)%& sf] k|fjwfgnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfne/ nfu" x'g] u/L cWofb]z cfPaf6 jg pkef]Qmf ;zlÍt ePsf x'g\ . To;sf/0f kxf8L If]qdf ;kmn ePsf] ;fd'bflos jgsf] Joj:yfkg 9fFrf kxf8L kl/j]zdf g} ;Lldt /fv]/ dw]z, t/fO{ / lxdfnL If]qsf nflu pko'Qm gLlt k|ltkfbg x'g' h?/L 5 . k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] Joj:yf k|s[lt cg'?k gePdf ljs[lttkm{ pGd'v x'g' c:jfefljs x'Fb}g . æjg x:tfGt/0fsf ;jfndf t/fO{, r'/], leqL dw]z, kxf8 / pRr kxf8aLr e]befj ul/g'x'Fb}gÆ eGg] cjwf/0ff :jo+df cw'/f], ckl/kSj / jg3ftL x'G5 .

slt k|sf/sf jg
jg P]g @)$( cg';f/Ù k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ¿kdf ¿vx¿n] 9flsPsf] If]q …jgÚ xf] . o; kl/efiffleq jgn] 3]l/Psf] jf jgsf] 5]p5fpdf /x]sf] ktL{ jf P]nfgL hUuf tyf jg leq /x]sf af6f], kf]v/L, tfn jf vf]nfgfnf / au/ ;d]tnfO{ ;d]6\b5 . o;} u/L jg k}bfjf/ eGgfn] ¿v, jg:klt, kz'kG5Lsf cnfjf r§fg, df6f], 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf ;d]t hlgG5g\ . o;k|sf/ jgsf] kl/efiffn] kfl/l:ys k|0ffnLsf] ;Dk"0f{tf -6f]6n Osf]l;i6d_ nfO{ g} cf]u6\g k'U5 . Joj:yfkg k|of]hgsf] lglDt >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;ft k|sf/sf jg l;h{gf u/]sf] 5– /fli6«o jg, ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jgÙ ;+/lIft jg, ;fd'bflos jgÙ sa'lnotL jg, wfld{s jg / lghL jg . oL ;ft k|sf/sf jgleq !*( k|sf/sf ljljw kfl/l:ys k|0ffnLsf] klxrfg ePsf] 5 . k|m]Gr tyf g]kfnL j}1flgsx¿n] klxrfg u/]sf] !*( k|sf/nfO{ ;/nLs/0f ug]{ qmddf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] #^ k|sf/df juL{s/0f u/]/ Osf]nf]lhsn Dofk ckm g]kfn tyf km/]i6 P08 e]lh6];g 6fOK; ckm g]kfn gfds k':ts k|sfzg u/]sf] 5 .

To;cg';f/ lxd/]vf -%))) ld6/_ / j[If/]vf -$))) ld6/_ sf aLr kg]{ pRr n]sfnL v08df tLg k|sf/sf a'sL, kf6g / ‰f8Lx¿ tyf ef]6 k|b]zdf kg]{ tLg k|sf/sf ;'Vvf sfF8]bf/ n]sfnL If]qx¿ 5g\ . o;}u/L $))) ld6/ / #))) ld6/sf] aLrdf kg]{ n]sfnL v08df ;ft k|sf/sf jgx¿ kb{5g\ . logdf ef]hkq / lrdfnsf jg, l7+u|] ;Nnfsf jg cflb kg{ cfpFb5g\ . pk/f]Qm If]qx¿nfO{ lxdfnL hl8a'6Lsf] d"n ynf] dfGg ;lsG5 .

xfjfkfgLsf] b[li6n] ;dlztf]i0f dflgg] #))) ld6/ / @))) ld6/ leqsf] pFrfOdf ;jf{lws ¿kdf !& k|sf/sf jgx¿ e]l6G5g\ . tLdWo] u'/fF;sf jg, b]jbf/sf jg, cf]v/ / plQ;sf jgb]lv h}t'gsf jgx¿nfO{ pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 . of] If]qdf ;fd'bflos jg Joj:yfkgsf] lj:tf/ Tolt w]/} x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
g]kfnsf] pkpi0f If]q -;a6«lksn hf]g_ sf] pFrfO #))) ld6/ eGbf tn / @))) ld6/ eGbf dfly kb{5 . oxfF rf/ k|sf/sf jgn] k|wfgtf kfPsf 5g\Ù vf]6] ;Nnfsf] jgÙ vf]6];Nnf, v;|' tyf kmnfF6sf jg, lrnf}g] / s6';sf] jg / hfd'gf]sf] jg . g]kfnsf] oxL pkpi0f If]q xf] hxfFsf] jg ljgfz x'gfn] kxf8L e"efudf jftfj/0fLo k|nosf 36gfx¿ -af9L, klx/f], e"Ifo, d?e"lds/0f OToflb_ d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Dd km}ng yfn] . j}1flgs, bfz{lgs Pj+ cfd hgdfg;n] g]kfnsf] ljz]if u/]/ kxf8L e"efusf] eljio cGwsf/ dfq x}g hf]lvdk"0f{ klg b]v] .

To;}sf] kmn:j?k ;fd'bflos jgsf] cjwf/0ff pbo ePsf] xf] . of] cjwf/0ffnfO{ sfo{¿kdf abNg y'k|} ldq/fi6« / cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx?n] ;/sf/ tyf jg pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ cfly{s / k|fljlws ;xof]u h'6fOlbP . To;s} kl/0ffd xf]Ù ;fd'bflos jg kfn]/ g]kfnLn] cfˆgf] kf}/v :yfkgf ug{ ;kmn ePsf] Joxf]/f ljZjel/ km}ng ;s]sf] .

g]kfnsf] r'/] If]q / 7"N7"nf gbLgfnfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf cf}n] 3fFrx¿df ;d]t /ftf]df6f]sf] s/Ë} b]lvg] u/L phf8 ePsf] jg If]qn] ;fd'bflos jgsf sf/0f sfFr'nL km]g{ kfPsf pbfx/0fx¿ y'k|} 5g\ . ;d'b| ;txb]lv !))) ld6/ eGbf tn kg]{ kxf8sf pi0f If]qx¿df ;fnsf jg km]l/ km:6fpg yfn]sf] b]lvG5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf jt{dfg gLltn] Nofpg] jftfj/0fLo k|efjk|lt ;a}n] ;Dj]bgzLn x'g'kb{5 .

o:t} d'2fsf] ljZn]if0f / JofVof ug]{ qmddf kmf]8{ kmfp08]zgsf] ;g\ !((* sf] Ps k|sfzgdf ef/tsf] Ps pbfx/0f k|:t't ub}{ n]lvPsf] 5M æ;ft jif{;Dd ;d'bfosf] lhDdfdf /x]kl5 -To; 7fpFsf]_ ;fnsf] jg gf6sLo 9Ëaf6 df}nfP/ klxnfsf] h:t} eof] . ;/sf/ / ;d'bfosf] ;f‰f k|of;af6 k|fKt of] ;kmntf g} ;fd'bflos jgsf] efjL r'gf}tL aGg]5 . ;/sf/L jg ljefun] cfkm"n] lbPsf] clwsf/ ;d'bfoaf6 lkmtf{ lng vf]h] s] xf]nf <Æ o; k|Zgsf] pQ/df n]lvPsf] 5 ls :yfgLo ;d'bfosf ;+:yfut zlQm / ltgsf] cGo ;d"x / ;d'bfo;Fusf] ;DaGwn] g} lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]Ng]5 . ef/tsf nflu eljiojf0fL ul/Psf] of] lrGtf / r'gf}tL g]kfndf o; k6ssf] cfly{s cWofb]zn] clxn] g} NofOlbPsf] 5 . ;dod} ;xL pkrf/ gvf]lhPdf of] lrGtf jg pkef]Qmf / jg dGqfno;Dd dfq ;Lldt geO{ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] eljio;Dd km}ng] 5 .