gSsnL ef?sf] ljuljuL

k"/} gSsnL / g]kfndf cj}w 3f]lift ef? %)) / !))) gf]6 km]nf kg'{,
…el/ofÚ sf] sfd ug]{ ;fgf ck/fwL klqmg' / ef/t tyf kfls:tfgL b"tfjf;aLr cf/f]k–k|Tof/f]k x'g' Pp6f …lgoldt cfsl:dstfÚ h:tf] x'g] u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf lhDd]jf/ clwsf/Lx¿n] …/Ú / …cfO{P;cfO{Ú sf] cfk;L åGå atfP/ of] ck/fw >[ª\vnfk|lt a]jf:tf ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . t/, /fhgLlt, s"6gLlt, ;'/Iff ;DaGwL c;/ afx]s g]kfnL e"lddf x'g] gSsnL– cj}w ef?sf] v]naf6 g]kfnsf] cy{tGq / hghLjgdf uDeL/ c;/ kg]{ tYo k|lt cfFvf lrlDng' cfTd3ftL ;flat x'g] b]lvG5 .

lzj ufpFn]

! ebf} @)^) df gofFafg]Zj/sf] Pp6f /]:6'/fFdf $% xhf/ gSsnL ef?;lxt kfls:tfgL b"tfjf;sf d':tkmf gfpFsf Ps sd{rf/L ;dfltPkl5 g]kfnl:yt kfls:tfgL b"tfjf; km]l/ ljjfbdf k/]sf] 5 . gSsnL gf]6sf] sf/f]af/df …d':tkmfÚ gfds Ps JolQmsf] klxn]b]lv lgu/fgL ul//x]sf] eP klg pgL kfls:tfgL b"tfjf;sf sd{rf/L x'g\ eGg] yfxf gePsf] k|x/Lsf] egfO 5 . pgnfO{ klqmg] Ps k|x/L clws[tsf cg';f/ æof] s'/f yfxf ePsf] eP c‰ 7"nf] kl/df0fdf gSsnL gf]6 xft kg{ ;SYof] .Æ t/, kfls:tfgL b"tfjf;n] g]kfn k|x/Lsf] sfdnfO{ cfklQhgs atfpFb} eg]sf] 5, æaf6f]df lxFl8/x]sf] dfG5]nfO{ kqmfp u/]/ To:tf] cf/f]k nufpg'sf] k5fl8 7"nf] if8oGq n's]sf] 5 .Æ

kKk'sf] aofgdf pd]z lu/L gSsnL ef?sf] sf/f]af/ ubf{ kqmfp k/L g]kfn k|x/Lsf] lx/f;tdf /x]sf ef/tLo gful/s kKk'b]j ofbj -x]= tl:a/_ n] lj/f6gu/sf pd]z lu/L klg cfˆgf] wGbfdf ;+nUg ePsf] egL d'5]sf 5g\ . oxL aofgsf] cfwf/df k|x/Ln] lu/LnfO{ kqmfp jf/]G6 sf6]sf] 5 . lu/L kKk' kqmfp k/]sf] hfgsf/L kfPkl5 PsfPs j]kQf ePsf] k|x/Lsf] bfjL 5 . ofbjn] ;/sf/L jlsnnfO{ lbPsf] aofgdf lj/f6gu/sf Jofkf/L t'N;L/fd cu|jfnsf] ckx/0f sf08df pd]z lu/L ;+nUg ePsf] / ;f] jfkt cfkm"n] ?= @% nfv lnPsf] atfPkl5 k|x/L pd]zsf] vf]hLdf nfu]sf] xf] . c;f/sf] dWodf ;dfltPsf] eP klg !^ ;fpgdf ;dft]sf] egL ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf kKk'dfly k|x/Ln] gSsnL ef/tLo gf]6sf] sf/f]af/, gSsnL gful/stf / kf;kf]6{, ckx/0f;Fu ;DalGwt rf/ j6f cleof]udf 5fglag ul//x]sf] 5 . -x]=lxdfn !^–#@ ;fpg_ nfu"cf}ifw ;lxt ;dfltPsf] elgPsf kKk';Fu k|x/Lsf] ljz]if ck/fw cg';Gwfg OsfOn] o; ;DaGwdf klg aofg lnO/x]sf] 5 . ;Dj4 k|x/L ;"qsf cg';f/ kKk'sf] aofgdf tTsfnLg u[xdGqL v'daxfb'/ v8\sfn] k"j{dGqL ;lndldofF cG;f/Lsf] xTof ug{ cfkm"nfO{ eg]sf] t/ cfkm"n] gdfg]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . t/ k"j{ u[xdGqL v8\sfn] of] cf/f]ksf] v08g ug'{ePsf] 5 .

o;cl3 @$ ;fpgdf cGgk"0f{ kf]i6 b}lgssfcfly{s Jo'/f] k|d'v nf]s]Gb| s];L ef? !# nfv d"Nosf kfFr ;o / Ps xhf/sf ef/tLo gf]6;lxt lqe'jg ljdfg:yndf kqmfp k/] . pgn] sfuf]{ u/]/ l;d/f k7fpg nfu]sf tL gf]6 k|of]uzfnfsf] k/LIf0faf6 gSsnL 7xl/P . cho cfnd gfds JolQmnfO{ k7fOg nfu]sf] pQm /sd ;dfltPkl5 ef/tLox¿sf] nufgLdf ;~rflnt elgPsf] cGgk"0f{ kf]i6 sf] k|sfzg ;+:yf …cfKsfÚ klg ljjfbdf tflgof] . sf7df8f}Faf6 l;d/f n}hfg vf]lhPaf6 tL gf]6 ef/ttkm{ k7fpg vf]lhPsf] :jfefljs cg'dfg k|x/Ln] u/]sf] 5 . t/ g]kfns} t/fO{sf] ahf/df klg tL gf]6 ;fl6g ;Sg] ;Defjgf gePsf] x}g .

s/La b'O{ dlxgf klxn] % / !^ c;f/ @)^) df kqmfp k/]sf ef/tLox¿ kKk'b]j ofbj, x/]/fd rf}w/L, OGb'l;+x ofbj / /fh' vfgn] ;/sf/L jlsn;dIf g]kfndf gf} nfv gSsnL ef? ;f6\g] sfd ul//x]sf] :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ ;f] /sd gf} nfv g]kfnL ?k}ofFdf ;f6\g] k|of; ul//x]sf] cj:yfd} ;dfltPsf lyP . t/ k|x/Ln] To;dWo] ;fx|} sd, ef? ^ xhf/ hlt dfq a/fdb ug{ ;s]sf] 5 . kqmfp k/]sfx¿dWo]sf kKk' ofbj xTof, ckx/0f, n'6kf6h:tf bh{gf}F ck/fwdf d'l5Psf JolQm x'g\ . clxn] pgL sf7df8f}Fdf k|x/L lx/f;tdf 5g\ .

^ xhf/ ;ft ;o gSsnL ef?;lxt ;dfltPsf /fh' vfgn] ;/sf/L jlsn;dIf u/]sf] aofgn] w]/} s'/f :ki6 ub{5 . pgL eG5g\, ætLg–rf/ jif{cl3 Sofl;gf]df e]l6g] kfls:tfgL ;fyLx¿ clg; cln, cl/km cln, cgj/ cln / dgj/ cln;Fu ldn]/ gSsnL ef/tLo ?k}ofFsf] sf/f]af/ ug{] ;Nnfx u/]sf lyof}F . d, x/]/fd, OGb'l;+x / kKk' rf/–kfFr dlxgfb]lv of] sfd ul//x]sf 5f}F . d}n] gf} nfv gSsnL ef? g]tfhL elgg] kKk'b]jnfO{ lbPkl5 pxfFn] dnfO{ gf} nfv g]kfnL ?k}ofF lbg'ePsf] xf] .Æ kKk'n] ;f] /sd s;nfO{ lbP, yfxf x'g;s]sf] 5}g . cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg of] d'2fsf] ulx/f] cg';Gwfg x'g] xf] eg] gSsnL gf]6sf] sf/f]af/nufot o:tf ck/fwx¿sf] h/f];Dd k'Ug ;lsg] ljZjf; cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg k|x/L clws[tx¿sf] 5 . t/ To:tf] cg';Gwfg x'g] jf x'g;Sg] s'/fdf k|x/Lsf sltko clws[tx¿ klg ljZj:t 5}gg\ . ljutdf o:tf y'k|} ck/fwsf] cg';Gwfg s]xL ;dokl5 To;} 5f]l8b} cfPsf] 5 .

gSsnL ef/tLo gf]6sf v'b|f Jofkf/Lx¿ klg e]l6g] u/]sf 5g\ . /fhwfgLsf] afuahf/df Go' 8]lj8 DofUbL xf]6n vf]n]/ a;]sf ltnsaxfb'/ e08f/L @! df3 )%( df ;o b/sf (# j6f gSsnL ef?;lxt ;dfltPsf lyP . To;cl3 !( k'; )%* df 7d]ndf k|x/Ln] kfls:tfgL b"tfjf;sf Sns{ l;/fh cxdb l;l2sLnfO{ s]xL 8n/ / $& xhf/ gSsnL ef?;lxt ;dfTof] . To;a]nf klg kfls:tfgn] ef/tLo hf;";x¿sf] if8\oGqdf cfˆgf sd{rf/L Pj+ s"6gLlt1x¿dfly b'Jo{jxf/ ul/Psf] eg]/ k|x/Lsf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf] / k|x/Ln] pgL ;dfltPkl5 dfq s"6gLlts lgof]usf] sd{rf/L ePsf] yfxf kfPsf] bfjL u/]sf] lyof] . o;af6 kfls:tfgL b"tfjf; / g]kfn k|x/Lsf Ps jif{cl3sf] / clxn]sf] cf/f]k–k|Tof/f]k gf6sLo b]lvG5 .

ef/t / kfls:tfgL lu/f]xx¿n] gSsnL ef?sf] dfq} xf]Og, gSsnL g]?sf] klg sf/f]af/ ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . Ps jif{ klxn] !) ebf} @)%( df ef/tLo gful/s g'/x;g ldofF Ps xhf/ b/sf #% j6f gSsnL g]? gf]6;lxt ;dfltPsf lyP . afuahf/df Go' 8«]; 6]n;{ vf]n]/ a;]sf ldofFn] k|x/LnfO{ lbPsf] aofgdf eg]sf 5g\, æ/lkmb ckmtfj eGg] ef/tLo gful/sn] $ ebf} @)%( df #% xhf/ gSsnL g]? dnfO{ lbPsf lyP . ;f6\g] 7fpF ge]6]/ cfˆgf] k;ndf n'sfP/ /fv]sf] a]nf k|x/Ln] ;dft]sf] xf] .Æ o;n] x/]s g]kfnLnfO{ st} cfkm"n] af]s]sf] g]kfnL gf]6 klg gSsnL t k/]gg\ eg]/ ‰l:sg'kg]{ agfPsf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] af6f] cj}w ef?
g]kfnn] #! ;fpg @)%! b]lv kfFr ;o / @^ kmfu'g @)%( b]lv Ps xhf/ b/sf ef/tLo gf]6 s;}n] klg g]kfndf vl/b laqmL ug{ / Nofpg n}hfg k|ltaGw nufPsf] 5 . t/ o; cjlwdf ef? ! s/f]8eGbf a9L d"Nosf To:tf gf]6 g]kfndf a/fdb eO;s]sf 5g\ . o;/L a/fdb ul/Psf cj}w t/ ;SsnL ef?sf gf]6 sxfF nluG5 / s] ul/G5 eGg] c1ft 5 . To:t} ef? gf]6sf] cj}w sf/f]af/df ;+nUg ;fgf ck/fwL / …el/ofÚ x¿ kqmfp k/] klg ck/fwsf] h8 km]nf kfg{ k|x/L slxNo} ;kmn ePsf] 5}g .

g]kfndf cj}w 3f]lift ef? kfFr ;o / Ps xhf/sf gSsnL gf]6sf] cf];f/k;f/ klg k|;:t} x'g] u/]sf] 5 . b'O{ ;ftfcl3 -#@ ;fpg )^) df_ Ol08og Po/nfOG;af6 lbNnL hfg nfu]sf ef/tLo gful/s ;Ldf ;]7\7Laf6 k|x/Ln] kfFr ;o b/sf Psxhf/ yfg gf]6 kqmfp u¥of] . Tof] ?k}ofF sf7df8f}F s;/L l5¥of] / To;sf] jf:tljs dflns sf] xf] eGg]af/] k|x/Ln] s]xL atfPsf] 5}g . ;f] /sd cj}w sf/f]af/af6 cflh{t jf gSsnLaf6 kl/jlt{t klg x'g;S5 .

kfFr jif{cl3 @( k'; @)%% df zfg]jflg p8fgaf6 k]l/; hfg nfUbf ef? kfFr ;osf !^#*) yfg gf]6;lxt ;dfltPsf Go'/f]8sf Jofkf/L ;f]daxfb'/ nfnrgn] æJofkf/sf] l;nl;nfdf ef/tsf] u'?ldt l;+xn] lbPsf] / g]kfnsf] AofÍdf ;f6\g g;s]/ :o'rf6f/sf df]xgs[i0f /f]sf b'aO{ x'Fb} ef/t hfg] ePsfn] pg}nfO{ k7fpg nfu]sf]Æ atfPsf lyP . nfnrgn] s] s:tf] Jofkf/af6 Tof] k};f kfPsf] eGg] atfPsf 5}gg\ . ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] s'g} uf]Ko wGbfsf] sdfO ePsf]n] b'aO{ k7fpg nfu]sf] x'g;Sg] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf 5g\ . of] cleof]udf uf]7f6f/–( a:g] zfg]jflgsf nf]8/ e'jgk|;fb jfUn]nfO{ b'O{ jif{ / ljdfg:ynsf k|x/L gfoj pk/LIfs ljho]Zj/ l3ld/]n] Ps jif{ h]ndf latfP . t/, ltgnfO{ ck/fwtkm{ cfslif{t ug]{ jf:tljs bf]ifLsf] vf]hL g} ePg .

cj}w ef? k|s/0fn] ;+j}wflgs ljjfbsf] ?k lnPsf] pbfx/0f klg 5 . !) h]7 @)%% df l;Ëfk'/ nfg vf]Hbf ljdfg:ynaf6 a/fdb ul/Psf] ef? d"Nosf kfFr ;osf gf]6;lxt kqmfp k/]sf ;'lgn df:s]sf] s];df /fh:j cg';Gwfg ljefun] dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfg"gL /fo dfUof] . tTsfnLg dxfGofoflwjQmf ab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{n] ef? %)) sf] gf]6 n}hfg] sfd u}/sfg'gL gePsf] eGg] sf/0f b]vfP/ æd'2f rnfpg gldNg]Æ /fo lbPkl5 df:s] l/xf eP . t/ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] oxL k|;Ëdf & k'; @)%& df df:s]nfO{ kqm]/ 5fglag ug{ yfn]kl5 dxfGofoflwjQmf sfsL{ / clVtof/aLr clwsf/sf] åGå rls{Psf] lyof] . of] ljjfb ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k'u]/ kl5 To;} ;fd;'d ePsf] 5 .

c;/ / kl/0ffd
kqklqsfdf 5flkPsf ;dfrf/sf cfwf/df lx;fa ubf{ klg @)%% ;fnotf gSsnL / cj}w u/]/ ‰08} ?=@ s/f]8 d"Nosf] ef? a/fdb ePsf] b]lvG5 . t/ Ps hgf k|x/L clws[t eG5g\, ækqmfp k/]sf] /sd sf/f]af/sf] kfFr k|ltzteGbf klg yf]/} x'g'k5{ . g]kfndf gSsnL gf]6sf] jf:tljs sf/f]af/ slt 7"nf] 5 cg'dfg g} ug{ ;lsFb}g .Æ

gSsnL ef? gf]6sf] sf/f]af/df kl5Nnf] k6s kfls:tfgL / ef/tLo gful/s ;Fu}h;f] ;dfltPsf 5g\ . kfls:tfgL b"tfjf;sf sd{rf/L d':tkmf / ef/tLo kKk'b]j ofbj Ps}rf]l6 ;dfltg' ck/fw a9]sf] tyf ef/t / kfls:tfg b'j} b]zsf ck/flws JolQm Pj+ ;d"x g]kfndf lqmofzLn ePsf] k|df0f xf] . s;'/ w]/yf]/ xf]nf, t/ b'j}yl/n] g]kfnL ;dfh / cy{tGqlj?4 ck/fw u/]sf 5g\ .

cj}w ef?sf] sf/f]af/df d'l5P/ kfls:tfgL b"tfjf;sf sd{rf/L kqmfp k/]sf] of] klxnf] k6s xf]Og . @)%^ k';df ;f] b"tfjf;sf sd{rf/L jl;d ;Jj'/ gSsnL ef?;lxt o;}u/L ;dfltPsf lyP / ;/sf/n] pgnfO{ cjfl~5t JolQm -k;{gf–gg–u|f6f_ 3f]if0ff u/]/ b]z lgsfnf u¥of] . k6s–k6s ;dfltg] kfls:tfgL / ef/tLox¿sf] aofg x]bf{ ef/t / kfls:tfg b'j} b]zdf o; k|s[ltsf] ck/fwsf] hfnf] alnof];Fu km}lnPsf] a'´g ;lsG5 . cfkm"nfO{ ef/tLo ldqn] lbPsf] gSsnL ?k}ofF ;f6\g vf]lh/x]sf] a]nf ;dfltPsf /fh' vfg x'g\ jf …cfO{P;cfO{Údfkm{t\ g]kfndf gSsnL gf]6sf] sf/f]af/ ePsf] aofg lbg] g'/x;g ldofF ;a}n] of] ck/fw ug{ g]kfn / To;df klg sf7df8f}FnfO{ g} /f]h]sf 5g\ .

kfls:tfgLx¿ kqmfp kbf{ ef/tLo rf;f] JoQm x'g] / o;n] w]/} rrf{ kfpg] u5{ t/ k6s–k6s ef/tLo gful/sx¿ kqmfp k/]sf a]nf vf;} rrf{ x'Fb}g . o;af6 g]kfn k|x/L a]nfavt ef/tLo k|rf/sf] cf}hf/ ePh:tf] klg b]lvPsf] 5 . kfls:tfgn] ;fdfGo c;xdlt k|s6 ug{]afx]s s]xL gug{'n] pm klg lgbf]{if gePsf] :ki6 x'G5 . g]kfnLx¿ rflxF kfls:tfgL / ef/tLo :jfy{sf ;xof]uL ePsf cfkm}F wGbf ;~rfns geP/ s;}sf] el/of ePjfkt ;dfltPsf 5g\ . gSsnL / cj}w d'b|fsf] sf/f]af/df ;+nUg ck/flws ;d"x tyf JolQmx¿sf] k|s[lt ;dfg x'g'Ù ck/fwsf] kf]n v'n]kl5 klg To;df uDeL/ 5fglag gx'g' / p:t} k|sf/sf 36gf bf]xf]l/O/xg'n] cj}w gSsnL d'b|fsf] wGbfdf ef/t / kfls:tfgsf u'Ktr/ tyf ;'/Iff Ph]G;Lx¿sf] ;DaGw ufFl;Psf] x'g;Sg] cg'dfg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .