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cy{tGqsf] OlGhg sfuf]{÷s'l/o/
tL;–k}FtL; jif{cl3;Dd g]kfnaf6 ;o s]hL
;fdfg xjfOhxfhdf sfuf]{ u/]/ aflx/ k7fpg' k¥of] eg] xKtf}F s'g'{kYof]{ .
lxhf]cfh xjfOhxfhaf6 dfq} lbgsf] #)–$) 6g sfuf]{ x'G5 .
cGt/f{li6«o s'l/o/ ;]jf …Po/ PS;k|];Ú x¿sf]
cfudgkl5 lr7Lkq / kf;{n ljb]z k7fpg x'nfssf] dfq} e/ kg'{ gkg]{
ePsf] 5 . 5f]6f] ;dodf ljZjsf] h'g;'s} 7fpFdf ;fdfg k7fpg ;lsG5
Po/ PS;k|];af6 .
d's'n
x'dfufOF
g]kfndf tLg k|sf/sf sfuf]{÷s'l/o/
;]jfx¿ ;~rflnt 5g\M cGt/f{li6«o s'l/o/ ;]jf …Po/
PS;k|];Ú, cfGtl/s s'l/o/ ;]jf / sfuf]{ . s'l/o/ eGgfn]
w]/}n] lr7Lkq cf];f/k;f/ ug]{ ;]jf dfq} 7fGg ;S5g\ . t/ g]kfndf
;~rflnt s'l/o/ sDkgLx¿n] ca lr7Lkq dfq xf]Og, lglZrt ;doleq
;+;f/e/ s'g} ;fdfg k'¥ofpg ;S5g\ . ax'/fli6«o sfuf]{÷s'l/o/
sDkgLx¿n] g]kfndf cGt/f{li6«o Po/ PS;k|]; ;]jf z'?
u/]sfn] of] ;Dej ePsf] xf] .
;g\ *) sf] bzs;Fu} g]kfn k|j]z u/]sf]
cGt/f{li6«o s'l/o/ ;]jf, cyf{t\ …OG6/Gofzgn Po/ PS;k|];Ú,
clxn] 7"nf] Joj;fo ag]sf] 5 . o;af6 l56f], 5l/tf], ;'/lIft
/ Jojl:yt tl/sfn] lr7Lkq, kf;{n n}hfg]–Nofpg] sfddf kfFr j6f
ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx¿ nfu]sf 5g\ . 3/3/df k'u]/ …8f]/–6'–8f]/
;le{;Ú lbG5g\ pgLx¿ . cGt/f{li6«o s'l/o/
sDkgLx¿n] u|fxsn] ;fdfg lbg]lalQs} pknAw xjfO;]jfaf6 k7fpg]
Joj:yf ldnfPsf x'G5g\ . u|fxsx¿n] sDkgLsf] j]a;fO6df
uP/ …6«oflsË l;i6dÚ dfkm{t\ cfˆgf]
;fdfg sxfF k'u]sf] 5 yfxf kfpg ;S5g\ . 8LPrPnn] cfˆgf
k|d'v u|fxsx¿nfO{ …OhL ;LkÚ eGg] ;ˆ6j]o/
pknAw u/fPsf] 5, h;dfkm{t\ pgLx¿ cfˆg} sfof{noaf6 ;fdfg
a's ug{ / lng af]nfpg ;S5g\ . 6LPg6Lsf ;]N; Dofg]h/ 6kL yfkf
eG5g\, æPo/ PS;k|]; e/kbf]{ / ;'/lIft s'l/o/ ;]jfsf] ¿kdf
:yflkt ePsf] 5 .Æ
g]kfndf ;g\ !(*! -lj=;+= @)#*_ df
cGgk"0f{ 6«feN; P08 6';{n] 8LPrPnsf] Ph]G6 eP/ cGt/f{li6«o
s'l/o/ ;]jf z'? u/]sf] lyof] . To;kl5 cGo ax'/fli6«o
sDkgLx¿ klg k|j]z u/]– o'kLP;, 6LPg6L, :sfOg]6 / km]8PS; .
o'kLP; / km]8PS;sf] d'Vofno cd]l/sfdf 5 eg] 8LPrPn, 6LPg6L / :sfOg]6sf]
qmdzM a]lNhod, ci6«]lnof / a]nfotdf . 8LPrPn clxn] Ph]G;Ldfkm{t\
geO{ cfkm}F sfd ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . jflif{s ?= !@ s/f]8 $) nfvsf]
sf/f]af/ ug]{ 8LPrPn g]kfndf ;~rflnt Po/ PS;k|]; sDkgLx¿dWo]
;a}eGbf 7"nf] xf] . c¿ rf/ j6fn] :yfgLo sDkgLx¿nfO{
Ph]G6 agfP/ sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . z'?–z'?df ;fdfGo lr7Lkq
/ 8s'd]06 a9L cf];f/k;f/ ug]{ Po/ PS;k|]; sDkgLx¿ clxn] un}Frf,
tof/L kf]zfs / x:tsnfsf] ;fdfgsf kf;{n k7fpF5g\ . 8LPrPnsf
sG6«L Dofg]h/ d's'Gb dNn eG5g\, æxfd|f] &) k|ltzt
Jofkf/ kf;{nx¿af6} x'G5 .Æ
cf]/fnf] nfUb}5 cfGtl/s s'l/o/
g]kfndf cGt/f{li6«o s'l/o/ ;]jfeGbf kl5 z'? ePsf] xf] cfGtl/s
s'l/o/ ;]jf . PS;k|]; 8]lne/L ;le{; eGg] sDkgLn] klxnf] k6s
@)$@ ;fndf cfGtl/s s'l/o/ ;]jf z'? u/]sf] lyof] . clxn] ‰08}
*) j6f :jb]zL s'l/o/ sDkgLx¿ 5g\ . tLdWo] clwsf+z cfGtl/s
s'l/o/ ;]jf k'¥ofpF5g\ eg] s]xLsf] kx'Fr ef/tdf klg 5 .
c¿ b]zsf nflu rflxF pgLx¿ klg cGt/f{li6«o s'l/o/s}
;]jf lnG5g\ . b]zleq a; / xjfOhxfh k'u]sf ;a} 7fpFdf k'u]sf
5g\ s'l/o/ ;]jfx¿ . t/, sf7df8f}Fdf a9L s]lGb|t ;fgf]
ahf/ / sDkgLx¿sf] 7"nf] ;ª\Vofn] ubf{ cfGtl/s s'l/o/
;]jf lj:tf/} cf]/fnf] nfUb} uPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] Ps bzsdf !% j6f
sDkgLx¿ aGb ePsf 5g\ . g]kfn s'l/o/ ;]jf ;+3 -sf];fg_
sf cWoIf v]d/fh kGt eG5g\, æ;+3sf] ;b:otf z'Ns ltg{ klg s'l/o/
sDkgLx¿nfO{ ufx|f] eO/fv]sf] 5 .Æ
cfGtl/s s'l/o/df cfˆg} g]6js{
ePsf / g]6js{ gePsf b'O{ k|sf/sf s'l/o/ sDkgLx¿ Joj;fo ul//x]sf
5g\ . sl6{o/, :s8 / ;f‰f s'l/o/ d'n'sel/ cfˆg} g]6js{
ePsf / /fd|f] rn]sf sDkgLdf ulgG5g\ . s'l/o/ Joj;fonfO{ :t/Lo
/ l56f] agfpg] k|of; klg ePsf 5g\ . :s8 s'l/o/sf ;'dg >]i7sf
cg';f/, kxf8L lhNnfx¿df xjfOhxfhaf6 eP klg ;]jf k|bfg ul/Fb}
cfPsf] 5 . Po/ ˆnfO6 PS;k|]; s'l/o/ k|f=ln=n] g]kfnsf
;ft j6f zx/ kf]v/f, lj/f6gu/, jL/uGh, hgsk'/, x]6f}F8f, gf/fo0fu9
/ a'6jndf xjfOhxfhaf6 lr7Lkq / kf;{n k7fpg z'? u/]sf] 5 .
sfuf]{M sDkgL a9], Jofkf/ a9]g
g]kfndf sfuf]{sf] Oltxf; s'l/o/sf] eGbf lgs} k'/fgf] 5 . @)@)
;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] zfx P08 /fO{ 6«feN; klxnf] g]kfnL sfuf]{
Ph]G;L xf] . tTsfnLg clw/fhs'df/ a;'Gw/f zfxsf] ;d]t nufgL
/x]sf] of] sDkgL kl5 …y8{ cfO 6«feN; P08 6';{Ú
df kl/0ft eof] / clxn] aGb 5 .
;do;Fu} sfuf]{ Joj;fon] lbg] ;]jfsf]
bfo/f klg km/flsnf] x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . sfuf]{ dfq gegL …k|m]6
kmjf{8{;{\Ú eGg yflnPsf] 5 lxhf]cfh of] Joj;fonfO{, h;n]
;fdfg 9'jfgL ug]{ k/Dk/fut sfuf]{ ;Fu;Fu} uf]bfd, eG;f/, Aoflͪ,
aLdfnufot ;a} sfdsf] lhDdf lnG5 . cyf{t\ sfuf]{ sDkgLn] g}
u5{ lgof{t;Fu ;DalGwt j]o/xfpl;ª, si6d lSno/]G;, si6d 8s'd]G6];g,
PS;kf]6{ 8s'd]G6];g, Aoflͪ 8s'd]G6];g, OG:of]/]G; cflb
;a} sfd .
sfuf]{ sDkgLx¿sf] ;ª\Vof
a9]sf] 5, t/ Jofkf/ eg] a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . ePsf] Jofkf/s} efua08f
u/]sf 5g\ ;a}n] . g]kfn k|m]6 kmjf{8{;\{ Pzf]lzP;g -g]kmf_
sf dxf;lrj ;kgs'df/ b]jsf cg';f/, tLg ;o sfuf]{ sDkgLx¿dWo]
;o j6f hlt dfq rn]sf 5g\ . /fd|f];Fu Joj;fo ug]{ t @)–@%
dfq} x'g\ .
g]kfnaf6 t];|f] d'n'sdf k7fOg] &) k|ltzt sfuf]{ kfgLhxfhaf6
/ afFsL xjfOhxfhaf6 hfG5 . 7"nf] kl/df0f / ;fOhsf ;fdfgx¿sf]
sfuf]{ k|foM kfgLhxfhaf6} x'G5 eg] cfwf 6g;Ddsf] sfuf]{ xjfOhxfhaf6 .
ækfgLhxfhaf6 sfuf]{ k7fpFbf ;do w]/} nfu]klg vr{ sd x'G5 .
Ps s06]g/ sfuf]{ kfgLhxfhaf6 cd]l/sf k7fpFbf kfFr xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/
nfU5 eg] xjfOhxfhaf6 !% xhf/,Æ g]kmfsf dxf;lrj b]j eG5g\ .
lj=;+= @)@) sf] bzsdf g]kfnaf6 xjfOhxfhdfkm{t\ k7fOg] sfuf]{df d'VotM
lr/fOtf], ;'Fu'/sf] hu/ / x:tsnfsf ;fdfgx¿ x'Gy] eg] clxn]
x:tsnfsf] ;fdfg;Fu} tof/L kf]zfs / un}Frf k|d'v 5g\ .
cf–cfˆg} ;d:of /
r'gf}tL
:jb]zL sfuf]{ sDkgLx¿sf] af9Ln] Jofkf/df c;/ kf/]sf] t 5Fb}5,
To;dfly ef/tLo sfuf]{ sDkgLx¿sf] pkl:yltn] klg dsf{df k/]sf
5g\ Joj;foLx¿ . g]kfnL sfuf]{ Joj;fosf] @) k|ltzt ahf/
ef/tLo sfuf{] sDkgLx¿n] lnPsf 5g\ . Joj;foLx¿
ca gLlt, lgod / k|lqmof lglZrt u/]/ dfq} sfuf]{ sDkgLx¿nfO{
btf{ lbOg'kg]{ atfpF5g\ . clxn] sfuf]{ sDkgL pBf]u ljefu of
;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]u ljefu hxfF btf{ u/] klg x'G5 . lnh]08
8L sfuf]{sf dgf]h clwsf/Lsf] ljrf/df ca o;df klg ko{6g Joj;fodf
h:t} nfO;]G;sf] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ .
ljut b'O{ jif{b]lv 36]sf] lgof{t Jofkf/sf]
sf/0f cfoft–lgof{t;Fu k|ToIf ufFl;Psf] sfuf]{ Joj;fodf klg
dGbL 5fPsf] 5 . o;df #) k|ltztn] sdL cfPsf] Joj;foLx¿
atfpF5g\ . Pe/]i6 8L sfuf]{sf /jLGb|dfg l;+x eG5g\, æcd]l/sL
ahf/df tof/L kf]zfssf] k|mL sf]6f kfOof] eg] Jofkf/ a9\g ;S5 .Æ
lgof{t Jofkf/sf] dGbLn] Po/ PS;k|];x¿nfO{ klg c;/ kf/]sf]
8LPrPnsf d's'Gb dNn atfpF5g\ . pgL eG5g\, æklZdgfsf]
lgof{t 36\bf 8LPrPnsf] Jofkf/ @* k|ltztn] 36\of] . ko{6g v:s]sf]n]
xfd|f] sfpG6/ Jofkf/ klg ;'s]sf] 5 . g]kfn cfPsf ko{6sx¿n]
;fdfg lsg]/ Pc/ PS;k|];dfkm{t\ k7fpg] x'gfn] g} sfpG6/ ;]n a9L x'GYof] .Æ
sfuf]{ sDkgLx¿n] cGt/f{li6«o
Po/ PS;k|]; sDkgLsf] g]kfn k|j]znfO{ cfˆgf] lglDt vt/f 7fg]sf
5g\ . pgLx¿ ljb]zL sfuf]{ sDkgLx¿;Fu klg cfkm"n]
k|lt:kwf{ ug{ g;Sg] atfpF5g\ . g]kmfsf dxf;lrj ;kgs'df/ b]j
eG5g\, æ7"nf] nufgL / k"jf{wf/;lxt ljb]zL sfuf]{
sDkgLx¿ cfP eg] xfdLn] of] Joj;fo 5f8] x'G5 .Æ
g]kfn ljZj Jofkf/ ;Ë7gdf k|j]z u/]kl5 sfuf]{ Joj;fodf ljb]zL
nufgL v'nf ul/g' gx'g] wf/0ff 5 sfuf]{ Joj;foLx¿sf] .
o;sf nflu pgLx¿ clxn]b]lv g} nlaË ul//x]sf 5g\ .
kl5Nnf] ;do sfuf]{ Joj;foL / Pc/ PS;k|];sf
;~rfnsx¿aLrsf] ;DaGw klg /fd|f] 5}g . sfuf]{ Joj;foLx¿
Po/ PS;k|];nfO{ cfˆgf] Jofkf/ vf];]sf] atfpF5g\ eg] Pc/ PS;k|];x¿
cfkm"n] sfuf]]{sf] Jofkf/df pN6f] ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] bfjL
u5{g\ . g]kmfsf dxf;lrj b]jsf cg';f/, Po/ PS;k|]; ;~rfnsx¿n]
kf;{nsf] gfddf 7"nf] kl/df0fdf ;fdfgx¿ k7fpg] u/]sf
5g\ . t/, o'gfO6]8 kf;{n ;le{; -o'kLP;_ sf k|aGw lgb]{zs uf]a4{g
kxf8Lsf] egfOdf Pc/ PS;k|]; / k|m]6 kmjf{8{;\{sf] sfdsf] k|s[ltd}
leGgtf 5 . pgL eG5g\, æPo/ PS;k|]; 7"nf] kl/df0fsf]
;fdfg nfg] Joj;fo g} xf]Og . xfdLn] af]Sg] ;fdfg un}Frf, tof/L
kf]zfs, klZdgfsf :ofDknx¿ dfq x'g\ . oL ;fdfg 7"nf]
kl/df0fdf k7fpg' k¥of] eg] t lgof{tstf{n] sfuf]{ sDkgLnfO{ g}
k|fyldstf lbG5 .Æ
;d:of s'l/o/ Joj;foLx¿sf klg
5g\ . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] Eof6 nufPsf]df Joj;foLx¿ ;Gt'i6
5}gg\ . :s8 s'l/o/sf ;'dg >]i7 eG5g\, æsfuf]{df Eof6
nufOPsf] 5}g, t/ ;/sf/ cfkm}Fn] ;]jf pBf]usf] bhf{ lbPsf] s'l/o/df
nufOPsf] 5 .Æ ;/sf/n] Eof6 nufP tfklg ;x'lnot glbPsf]
atfpFb} o'kLP;sf k|aGw lgb]{zs uf]a4{g kxf8L dfu u5{g\, æPo/
PS;k|]; ;]jfsf nflu ljdfg:yndf 5'§} sfpG6/ /flvg'k5{ .Æ
d'n'ssf] cy{tGq vl:sPsf] ;dodf sfuf]{
/ s'l/o/ ;]jf klg k|efljt x'g' :jfefljs xf] . t/, cy{tGqdf
;'wf/ cfpg]ljlQs} of] Joj;fodf klg ;'wf/ cfpg] lglZrt 5 . b]zsf]
cfoft÷lgof{t Jofkf/df ;xof]uLsf] sfd ul//x]sf sfuf]{ / s'l/o/
Joj;fosf ;d:ofx¿ x6fpg ;Sg] xf] eg] To;sf] kmfObf Joj;foLnfO{
dfq xf]Og d'n'snfO{ klg x'g]5 .
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