lxdfn sf] gofF jif{sf] cÍ -!–!% j}zfv @)^)_ b]lv a9L
d"No ltg'{k/] klg k7gLo tyf ;fGble{s n]vx¿ k9\g kfpFbf
k};fsf] ;b'kof]u g} ePsf] nfUof] . cfufdL cÍdf syf,
sljtfh:tf ;flxlTos ljwfx¿nfO{ klg :yfg lbP c‰ a9L k7gLo
x'GYof] ls <
s[i0fk|;fb kGt æljjzÆ
ljtf{ b]p/fnL–!, sfe|]
gofF jiff{Ídf k]h a9L ePsf] kfpFbf
v'zL nfUof] . c‰ a9L vf]hd"ns ;fdu|L cfpg\ .
g]qk|;fb bfxfn
rqm3§L, ;'g;/L
gj jif{sf] klxnf] cÍb]lv lxdfn ?=#) ePsf] va/n] ‰6f/f]
vfPsf] d Ps lgoldt kf7s lxdfn sf k|sfzs;Fu w]/} cfef/L 5' .
pxfFn] d"No a9fpg' kg]{ sf/0fsf ;fy} æcfpFbf lbgx¿df
lxdfn sf] :t/ / pkof]lutf c‰} a9fpFb} hfg] k|lta¢tf JoQm
ub{5f}FÆ n]Vg'ePsf] /x]5 . t/, ;f]xL cÍdf #$ b]lv
$& k[i7sf] 5kfO{ lalu|P/ tl:a/x¿ x]g}{ gx'g] ePsf 5g\ .
bLks b]jfg, ;}Fa', nlntk'/
ækf}/vL dlxnfx¿Æ -!–!% j}zfv @)^)_ k9]kl5
cfwfeGbf a9L lx:;f cf]u6]sf gf/Lx¿n] /fd|f] lzIff, cj;/sf
;fy} cfly{s ;xof]u kfPdf h'g sfddf xft xfn] klg nug / ldlxg]tsf
sf/0f ;kmntf xfl;n ug]{ /x]5g\ eGg] s'/f yfxf x'G5 .
dlxnfx¿n] 3/fo;L sfddf dfq ;Lldt x'g'k5{ eGg] wf/0ff /fVbf
pgLx¿df ePsf] k|ltef u'lD;g] t 5Fb}5, To;n] ;dfhnfO{ pGgltsf]
kylt/ nlDsg ;d]t jfwf k'¥ofpF5 . To;}n] x/]s cfdf afa'n]
…5f]/f5f]/L b'j} a/fa/LÚ eg]/ u'8\8L xfFSg] dfq} xf]Og
Jojxf/df To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog u/]/ b]vfpg klg ;Sg'k5{ . 5f]/f
;/x g} 5f]/LnfO{ klg lzIffsf] cj;/ lbg'k5{ .
;fy} u|fdL0f ;kmn dlxnf pBdLsf af/] klg vf]hd'ns
hfgsf/L lbPsf] v08df ufpFsf dlxnfx¿n] klg k|]/0ff kfpFy]
ls < lsgeg] ufpFdf klg dlxnfx¿n] cf–cfˆgf]
If]qaf6 dxTjk"0f{ sfo{x¿ ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n]
ltgnfO{ cufl8 Nofpg klg lxdfn n] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/f];\ .
/fw]Zofd uh'/]n
j]Nsf]6–^, ltufpF, g'jfsf]6
ægl;{ªM ;]jf / sl/c/ b'j}Æ -!–!% j}zfv @)^)_
df elgP ‰}F gl;{ª k]zfnfO{ klxn]sf] h:tf] ;ª\s'lrt
gh/n] x]l/Fb}g . To;}n] gl;{ª k9\g]x¿sf] ;ª\Vofdf
pNn]vgLo j[l4 klg ePsf] 5 . t/, gl;{ªsf] :t/Lo k9fO s]jn
lghL gl;{ª SofDk;df dfq 5 . ;/sf/L gl;{ª SofDk;df
lzIfssf] cefj / cEof;sf nflu cfjZos ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]udf ul/g] s~h':ofOFn]
d'Vo ;d:of ag]sf] 5 . o;tkm{ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Wofg hfcf];\ .
bLIff vqL, xl:k6n /f]8, g]kfnu~h
ænrstfsf] /x:oÆ -!–!% j}zfv @)^)_ dggLo 5 .
o;cl3 sfª\u|];sf] ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] jftf{ efFl8g'df /fh;+:yf
hf]ufpgsf nflu sfª\u|];n] dfcf]jfbLsf Ph]08f :jLsf/ ug{ g;sL
c8fg lnPsf sf/0f klg xf] elgG5 . abnfdf /fh;+:yfsf] lxdfotL
g]kfnL sfª\u|]; zfxL sbds} lzsf/ x'g k'Uof] . s] of] gf6ssf]
kbf{ v'Nnf < clxn]nfO{ cfzf /fvf}F v'Ng]5 /x:o .
kml0fGb| bfxfn
;'g;/L
æ/f]udfly 8fS6/sf] af]‰Æ -!–!% j}zfv @)^)_
k9]kl5 8fS6/x¿n] k]zfsf wd{ ljk/Lt wgnfO{ g} ;jf]{k/L dfgL
/f]uLx¿nfO{ b'x'gf] ufO{sf] ¿kdf lng] u/]sf] b]Vbf
b'Mv nfUof] . vf]hstf{nfO{ wGojfb Û
;'a|t :jfF/, ;'oz :jfF/
kf]=a=g+= %)#, sf7df8f}F
æsfd b]v]/ 5SsÆ -!–!% j}zfv @)^)_ /fd|f] nfUof] .
hfkfgb]lv g]kfn cfP/ ljBfno–lgdf{0fdf cfly{s, ef}lts ;xof]u
ug'{ k|z+;gLo sfo{ xf] . b'u{d 7fpFdf uO{ O{+6f, 9'Ëf,
df6f] af]Sg' ;lhnf] sfd kSs} xf]Og . To;}n] ;Sg]n] pgLx¿af6
k|]/0ff lng' plrt xf]nf .
wd{/fh k'gdu/
dxf;lrj–g]kfn xf]rf k'8\sf ;+3,
sf7df8f}F
æo;kflnsf] k|]; kmf]6f]Æ -!^–#) r}t, @)%(_ df
b]vfOPsf] sf7df8f}Fdf a';sf] ljhf]un] O/fsdfly cd]l/sL cfqmd0fsf]
lj/f]w u/]sf] 5 . ljZj–zflGt lj/f]wL a';sf] 3d08nfO{
c:jLsf/ u/]sf] cleJolQm klg xf] Tof] . O/fsnfO{ bogLo cj:yfdf
k'¥ofpg] vngfos a';sf] lj/f]w rf/}lt/af6 x'g'k5{ .
ufGwL uf}td æsËfnÆ
rGb|lgufxk'/–!, /f}tx6
æs;/L 36\of] blntsf] ;ª\Vof <Æ -!^–#)
r}t, @)%(_ df blntx¿n] afx'g, If]qL / hghflt;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf]
cfˆgf] y/ /fVg yfn]sfn] hgu0fgfdf pgLx¿sf] ;ª\Vof
36]sf] cg'dfg nufOPsf] /x]5 . cg]sf}F pkfo nufP/ lgd"{n
kfg{ vf]lhPsf] hflto e]befj o;/L d]6fpg ;lsG5 eg] o;df ;ª\Vof
36\of] eg]/ kL/ lsg dfGg] < cfˆgf] h'lQm a'l4n] olb sf]xL
afx'g jf If]qL ag]/ ;dfg cj;/ pkef]u ug{ kfpF5 eg] Tof] lrGtfsf]
ljifo xf]Og .
Psgfy sf]O/fnf
g]qu~h–#, ;nf{xL
æo'4lj/fd cl3 / kl5M ufpFsf] l:ylt p:t}Æ -!^–#)
r}t @)%(_ k9]kl5 To;df t]x|y'dsf] dfq x}g b]zel/s} kL8f cleJoQm
ePsf] dx;'; eof] . s]xL ;'wf/ h:tf] b]lvP klg lj:yflkt tyf
ljb]lzPsf y'k|} g]kfnLx¿ ufpF kmls{;s]sf 5}gg\ . k|ToIf
jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf rGbf p7fpg] sfd ufpFdf eO g} /x]sf] 5 .
o:t} vfnsf ufpFsf kL8fx¿nfO{ a'l‰Psf n]vx¿ c‰}
a9L 5flkpg\ .
ltnf]Qd kf}8]n æljb|f]xLÆ
gjnk/f;L
æafFRg] cfwf/ ljb]zsf] /f]huf/Æ -!–!% r}t, @)%(_
df j}b]lzs /f]huf/af/] hfgsf/Ld"ns va/ Pj+ tYofÍ 5fk]/
lxdfn n] cgluGtL kf7sx¿sf] lh1f;f zfGt kfl/lbPsf] 5 .
lxdfn sf] k|To]s cÍ ljz]iffÍ aGg ;sf];\ .
df]xgrGb| bfxfn
kmfs'Daf–!, tfKn]h'ª
plxn]b]lv g} gf/Lx¿ k'?ifåf/f x]lkFb} cfPsf 5g\ .
dlxnfx¿nfO{ lh:Sofpg', cfFvf ;Gsfpg', :kz{ ug'{h:tf sfdnfO{
k'?ifx¿ cfˆgf] k'?iffy{ 7fG5g\ . k|]d u¥of]
eg] klxn] of}g]R5f hfx]/ u5{g\ . ;dfhsf] Psf]xf]/f] lgoddf
k'?if slxNo} ckljq gx'g], dlxnf eg] Psk6s k'?ifn] 5f]of] ls ckljq
x'g] Û o:tf k'?ifk|wfg ljs[ltx¿nfO{ tx nufpg]tkm{ lxdfn
n] snd rnfcf];\ .
h]P; sf]Fh", eQmk'/
æ/f]uLdfly 8fS6/sf] af]‰Æ
-!–!% j}zfv @)^)_ zLif{ssf] n]v k9]kl5 ddfly nufOPsf cf/f]ksf
;DaGwdf lgDg cg';f/sf] v08g k|sflzt ul/lbg cg'/f]w ub{5' .
!= lj/fdLsf] :jf:Yo hfFrsf qmddf lzIf0f
c:ktfndf ug{ g;lsg] k/LIf0f aflx/ lghL If]qsf] s'g} ;+:yfdf ug{
l;kmfl/; u/]sf] / To;af6 sld;g lng] u/]sf] eGg] s'/f ;/f;/ unt xf] .
cfkm"nfO{ ljZjf; u/]/ cfPsf] Pp6f lj/fdLsf] ;xL pkrf/ ug{ ljz]if1n]
c:ktfndf ;+ej gx'g] k/LIf0f cfkm"nfO{ ljZjf; nfUbf] 7fpFdf
u/fpg k7fpg kfpg] ls gkfpg] <
@= xN6/ / PaLkL u/fpg u/]sf] l;kmfl/;
k'hf{sf] kmf]6f]skL k|sflzt ul/Psf] /x]5 . d]l8sn ;fOG;df clnslt
klg 1fg ePsf] hf] ;'s}n] ;f] k||];lqmK;g x]g]{ ljlQs} yfxf kfpg
;S5 ls pQm lj/fdLsf] O;LhL u8a8 5, Osf] sfl8{of]u|fddf v/faL 5 .
To:tf lj/fdLsf] d'6';DaGwL yk ;d:of yfxf kfpg / ;xL pkrf/ u/fpg
lrlsT;sn] xN6/sf] l;kmfl/; ug'{ cg'lrt xf] / <
#= lzIf0f c:ktfnsf lgb]{zs 8f= dx]Gb|s'df/
g]kfn / d]/f] ;d]t egfO{ eGb} xN6/ / PaLkL pks/0fx¿ lzIf0f
c:ktfndf lsGg dfu slxNo} gul/Psf] eGg] egfO unt 5 . d}n] ljut
kfFr jif{b]lv c:ktfndf a;]sf] ;L=;L=o'= sldl6sf] ldl6Ëdf tL
pks/0f lsGg] dfu /fv]sf] lyPF . To; ljifodf d}n]
8f= g]kfn;Fu s'/f ubf{ pxfFn] cfkm"n] ;f] s'/f eGb} geg]sf]
/ skf]nslNkt ¿kdf 5flkPsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
$= lzIf0f c:ktfnsf 8fS6/ ljsf; bnL ljut
bz jif{b]lv d]/f] dftxtdf sfd ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . pxfF g]kfndf
;aeGbf a9L d'6'sf /f]uLx¿df …kdf{g]G6 k];d]s/Ú
/fVg] 8fS6/ x'g'x'G5 . dnfO{ yfxf eP cg';f/ 8fS6/ bnL d'6'/f]u
ljz]if1x¿sf] ;Ë7g sfl8{ofs ;f];fO6L g]kfn sf] cfhLjg
;b:o klg x'g'x'G5 . ;f] ;Ë7gsf] ;b:o x'g sfl8{of]nf]hLdf
l8u|L–l8Knf]df jf sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfd u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ lgod
5 . n]vdf g]kfn d]l8sn sfplG;nn] ;DalGwt ljifodf Pd8L u/]sfnfO{
dfq ljz]if1 8fS6/ dfGg] u5{ elgPsf] 5 . t/, Tof] …qmfO6]l/ofÚ
dfGg] xf] eg] sfl8{ofs ;f];fO6L g]kfn sf cWoIf jl/i7 x[bo/f]u ljz]if1
8f= d[u]Gb|/fh kf08]nfO{ klg sfl8{of]nlhi6 eGg ldNb}g . o;
cfwf/df s] 8f= kf08]nfO{ klg d'6'/f]u ljz]if1 gdfGg] <
%= d}n] s'/}s'/fsf] qmddf d]l8sn sDkgLx¿n]
xfdLnfO{ …d]l8sn sGkm/]G;Ú x¿ ug{ ;xof]u u5{g\
eg]sf] lyPF . s]xL ;do cufl8 ;fs{ sfl8{of]nhL ;f];fO6Lsf] ;Dd]ng
ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] s'/f u/]sf] lyPF . t/, n]vdf ToxL s'/fnfO{
tf]8df]8 u/L o;af6 sldzgsf] n]gb]g x'g] s'/f k'li6 ePsf] 5 egL n]lvPsf]
/x]5 . o;sf] dtna ;fs{ sfl8{ofs ;f];fO6Ldf /x]sf ;a} 8fS6/x¿
8f= d[u]Gb|/fh kf08], 8f= cjgLe"if0f pkfWofo, 8f= c?0f ;fold,
8f= eujfg sf]O/fnf, 8f= dfgaxfb'/ s]=;L=, 8f= lbjfs/ zdf{ OToflb
;a} sldzg vf]/ x'g\ t <
8f=c¿0f ;fold, d'6'/f]u
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