6«]8dfs{ rf]/L

æwg gfl;P s]xL 5}g, OHht gfl;P s]xL /xFb}gÆ ahf/df b]lvg] yl/yl/sf pTkfbg jf ;]jfsf 6«]8dfs{sf] rf]/L jf b'?kof]u k|;Ë;Fu afh]–a/fh'n] rnfPsf] jiff}{F k'/fgf] of] pvfgsf] ;f]‰f] ;DaGw b]lvG5 . x'g klg af}l4stf, ;[hgf, nufgL / d]xgt ;a}nfO{ Ps}rf]l6 n'l6lbg] 6«]8dfs{ rf]/L c08fsf] dfq xf]Og c08f lbg] s'v'/fs} rf]/L xf] .

ltnsljqmd kf08]

ahf/df pknJw k|lt:kwL{ j:t' jf ;]jfx¿ cfk"mn] vl/b ug{ rfx]sf] j:t'' jf ;]jfaf6 sltsf] leGg 5 eg]/ pkef]Qmfn] lgofn]/ x]g{ jf ;"Id cWoog ug{ ;Dej x'Fb}g . w]/} clzlIft pkef]tmf ePsf] xfd|f] h:tf] ahf/df t To:tf] cWoog ‰g\ c;Dej 5 . t;y{ Ps}} k|s[ltsf t/ km/s u'0f:t/ ePsf k|lt:kwL{ pTkfbg jf ;]jf aLr klxnf] ;fdfGo x]/fO, a'‰fO jf pRrf/0fdf g} pTkfbgsf] :ki6 klxrfg x'g] jf u'0f:t/ atfpg] lrXg xf] 6«]8dfs{ . o;n] j:t' jf ;]jfsf pkef]tmf, pTkfbs / ahf/sf aLr Pp6f ;DaGw klg :yflkt ul//x]sf] x'G5 .

pTkfbssf nflu 6«]8dfs{ Pp6f cd"No ;DklQ xf] . ;g\ !((& df lkmgfG; jN8{ gfds cGt/f{li6«o cg';Gwfg ;+:yfn] ljZjsf Vofltk|fKt 6«]8dfs{sf] d"No lgwf{/0f ubf{ $* ca{ o'P; 8n/ d"No sfod eP/ sf]sfsf]nf k|yd ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L cGo pTs[i6 / dxFuf 6«]8dfs{x¿df qmdzM dfn{jf]/f], cfO{ aL Pd, Dofs 8f]gfN8, ;f]gL, sf]8fs, OG6]n, lhn]6 / a8jfOh/ /x]sf lyP . pTs[i6 bzf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] a8jfOh/ sf] d"No klg ?=@ ca{ o'P; 8n/ sfod ePsf] lyof] . cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/nfO{ x]bf{ h'g 6«]8dfs{sf] Voflt ;a}eGbf a9L 5 To:tf] 6«]8dfs{ clÍt j:t'x¿sf] Jofkf/ ;aeGbf a9L x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .

b'?kof]u / gSsn
pRrf/0f, x]/fO / a'‰fOdf u/]/ ;fdfGotof tLg lsl;daf6 6]«8dfs{sf] b'?kof]u jf gSsn x'g] u5{ . klxnf], pRrf/0fdf ;dfgtf ePdf klg pkef]tmf ‰'lSsg ;S5g\ . ljz]ifu/L zAb ePsf 6«]]8dfs{x¿df o:tf] ;Defjgf x'G5 . bf];|f] csf{sf] 6]«8dfs{;Fu x'ax' gSsn u/]df jf ‰'lSsg] u/L ;dfg ePdf klg klxn] g} k|rlnt 6«]8dfs{sf] b'?kof]u u/]sf] dflgG5 . vf;u/L nf]uf], lrXg jf lrq ePsf 6«]8dfs{x¿df o:tf] b'?kof]usf] ;Defjgf /xG5 . o:t} csf{sf] 6«]8dfs{;Fu Pp6} cy{ lbg] jf ‰'lSsg] lsl;dsf] …KoflsËÚ k|of]u u/]/ klg ‰'Sofpg] k|oTg x'g;S5 . t];|f], e|dfTds zJb k|of]u ug]{, e|dfTds lsl;dn] n]jn nufpg], gSsnL 6«]8dfs{ clÍt j:t'x¿ cfoft ug]{, btf{ ePsf] eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ ¿kdf leGg x'g] u/L 6«]8dfs{sf] k|of]u ug{] sfd klg 6«]8dfs{ b'?kof]u xf] .

g]kfndf 6«]8dfs{ b'?kof]usf] cj:yf sxfnLnfUbf] 5 . csf{sf] 6«]8dfs{;Fu x'ax' ldNg] jf To;sf] d'Vo c+z;Fu ldNg] u/L 6]«8dfs{ btf{ u/fpg] ul/G5 . p:t} p:t} zAb jf lrXg /fvL KoflsËsf] /+u ;d]t x'ax' agfpg vf]Hg] qmd klg a9]/ uPsf] 5 . ;fa'g / l86/h]06 pBf]ux¿df ;"o{sf] ls/0f -;gnfO{6_, kfªu|f -lXjn_, sf6]sf] sfutLsf] j[Q cflbdf o:tf] ljjfb p7]sf] 5 . sltko sDkgLx¿af6 rflxF csf{sf] …KoflsËÚsf] gSsn u/L gSsnL ;fdfg e/L ahf/df k7fpg] sfo{ klg ePsf] 5 . h:t} 8fa/ g]kfnsf] /ftf] w'nf] bGt d~hgdf pxL ;fOhdf ;Dk"0f{ s'/f pxL /fvL leq rflxF sd;n vfnsf] p:t} b]lvg] w'nf] /fv]/ laqmL ug{] ul/Psf] 5 

sltkon] rflxF csf{sf] Voflt sdfPsf] 6«]8dfs{sf] d'Vo c+z;Fu ldNg] u/L 6«]8dfs{ agfP/ kmfObf lng] u/]sf 5g\ . zAb ePsf] 6«]8dfs{df x'ax' ldNg] zAb /fvL s]jn To;sf] cufl8 s'g} zJb /fv]/ jf ljz]if0fx¿sf] k|of]u u/]/ csf{sf] Vofltdf wSsf k'¥ofpg] sfd klg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . zAb ePsf 6«]8dfs{sf] b'?kof]u ljz]if u/L kqklqsf If]qdf ePsf] 5 . s'g} klqsfsf cufl8 hg, gofF, xfd|f] h:tf ;f‰f zAb jf ljz]if0f k|of]u u/L csf{sf] 6«]8dfs{;Fu ‰'Sofpg] k|j[lQ b]lvPsf] 5 . lxdfn sf cufl8 xfd|f] zAb yk]/ xfd|f] lxdfn eGg] klqsf ahf/df k|sflzt ePsf]df lxdfn n] cfˆgf] 6«]8dfs{ /Iffy{ d'2f g} ug{' k¥of] . To;/L ylkg] zAbx¿ olt ;"Id x'G5g\ ls ‰§ x]bf{ ltgnfO{ 5'6\ofP/ a'´g} ;lsGg . kmn:j?k ;fdfGo x]/fOdf b'O6f j:t'x¿ 5'6\ofpg ;lsFb}g . c¿ t c¿ ljb]zL sDkgL;Fu k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f ;D‰f}tf u/L ;D‰f}tfsf] cjlwe/ /f]oN6L lt/]/ k|of]]u ug{ clVtof/ kfPsf] 6«]8dfs{ To:tf] ;D‰f}tfsf] cjlw ;lsgf;fy cfˆgf] sDkgLsf] gfddf btf{ u/fPsf pbfx/0fx¿ klg 5g\ .

df}g Jofkf/L
pBf]u ljefudf ;g\ @))@ df 6«]8dfs{ btf{sf nflu !)(@ lgj]bg k/]sf lyP, h;dWo] ^$^ dfq 6«]8dfs{ btf{ eP . ;g\ @))! df klg !!$* lgj]bg k/]sf]df ^^$ 6«]8dfs{ dfq btf{ ePs . cfj]bg ug{] ;a}n] :jLs[lt gkfpg'df btf{ e};s]sfsf] gSsn u/L ;f];Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] 6«]8dfs{ btf{ ug{ vf]Hg', lgj]bsx¿df 6«]8dfs{ ;DaGwL ;fdfGo 1fg ;d]t gx'g', lgj]bgsf] l/t gk'Ug' cflbnfO{ dflgPsf] 5 .

df}lns 6«]8dfs{ ;[hgf ug]{eGbf klg e}/x]sf] 6«]8dfs{df yf]/} tndfly ug{] rng xfjL 5 . sfg'g 5Ng k|fljlws ¿kdf dfq km/s b]vfP/ ‰§ x]bf{ p:t} b]lvg] 6«]8dfs{ btf{ ug{ vf]Hg] dfgl;stf Jofkfl/s ;d'bfodf JofKt 5 . :yflkt 6«]8dfs{nfO{ slt xb;Dd km/s u/]df P]gsf] ds;b k"/f x'G5 / :yflkt 6«]8dfs{sf] ;xfotfn] cfˆgf] cfly{s ceLi6 klg k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]df k|ltli7t Jofkfl/, Joj;foLx¿sf] ;d]t Wofg uPsf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] k|ToIf c;/ ;+o'tm nufgLdf ;~rflnt :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL sDkgLx¿ / cfGtl/s ahf/df :yflkt g]kfnL pBf]ux¿df kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . h:tf] ls g]kfn lne/4f/f pTkflbt …nS;Ú ;fj'gsf] …nS;Ú 6«]8dfs{ g]kfndf ;+/lIft 5 t/ lxGb':tfg lnj/af6 OG8f]g]lzofsf nflu egL pTkfbg ul/Psf] …nS;Ú 6«]8dfs{ clÍt ;fa'g g]kfndf 5\ofk5\ofKtL kfOg yfn]kl5 ;+o'Qm nufgLdf :yflkt g]kfn lne/n] cfkm"nfO{ c;'/lIft dx;"; ug{' :jfefljs} xf] .

x'g klg ‰08} rfnL; jif{ k'/fgf] k]6]06 l8hfOg tyf 6«]8dfs{ P]gsf e/df clxn] klg sfd rnfOFb}5 . @)@@ ;fndf ag]sf] ;f] sfg'g @)$$ / @)$* df b'O{ k6s ;+zf]wg ePsf] 5 . t/ Hofb} ;+lIfKt ePsf]n] xfn ljsl;t 6«]8dfs{ ;DaGwL cjwf/0ff / cEof;nfO{ lgoldt ug{ ;Qm}g . h:tf] ls ptm P]gn] zAb, lrXg, lrq jf oL tLg}sf] ;+of]unfO{ 6«]8dfs{ dfg]sf] 5 . t/ k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] clxn] Pp6} zAb klg ljeGg cfsf/, k|sf/, ;fOh / l8hfOgdf /fVg ;lsG5 . To:t} s:tf k|s[ltsf lrq / lrXgx¿ btf{ of]Uo x'G5g\, ltgLx¿sf] cfsf/, 9NsfO, 5fofF, lsgf/f, sf]0f, e'hfnufotsf ofjt\ k|fljlws s'/fx¿ P]gdf :ki6 5}gg\ .

To:t} 6«]8dfs{sf] b'?kof]u ePsf] cj:yfdf k|fKt pkrf/ Hofb} ckof{Kt 5 . Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f ug]{ s'g} j:t'ut cfwf/ 5}g . bf]ifL dflysf] sf/jfxL cToGt lkmtnf] 5 . Psjif{ clw lxdfn va/klqsfsf] 6«\8dfs{ gSsn ul/ xfd|f] lxdfn eGg] gfd /fv]/ klqsf k|sfzg ePkl5 To; lj?4sf] sf/jfxLdf pBf]u ljefun] gSsnL 6«]8dfs{ k|of]u ug{] r08]Zj/L k|sfzg k|flnnfO ? %)) dfq hl/jfgf u/]sf] lyof] .

To;}u/L jt{dfg P]gn] ;fd'lxs lrXg 6«]8dfs{sf] ;dfgfGt/ k|of]u, Vofltk|fKt 6«]8dfs{sf] ;DaGwdf ljz]if Joj:yf, ;+/lIft 6«]8dfs{ clÍt j:t'x¿ cfoft ug{af6 /f]s, s'g} pTkfbgsf] gSsn ug]{ jf KoflsË nufotsf c:j:y k|lt:kwf{nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ / btf{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;/nLs/0f ug{ cfOkg{] r'g}tLnfO{ jt{dfg P]gn] y]Ug ;Sb}g . x'gt 6«]8dfs{ ;DaGwL k|Voft k]l/; dxf;GwLn] oL s'/fx¿ ;d]6]sf] 5 h;nfO g]kfnn] ( ;fpg @)%& df cg'df]bg ul/ ;s]sf] 5 . g]kfndf 6«]]8dfs{ ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd sfjf{xL ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/sf] pBf]u ljefun] kfPsf] 5 . pBf]u ljefudf klg s]jn Pp6f zfvfn] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L lgefpg' kb{5 . 6«]8dfs{ btf{ k|lqmofnufot sfg'gL sfjf{xL ug]{ cw{Goflos lgsfosf] ;d]t bfloTj Pp6f zfvfdf /x]sf %÷& sd{rf/Ln] k"/f ug'{ ;lhnf] 5}g .

x'gt g]kfndf k|Voft 6«\]8dfs{x¿ w]/} 5}gg . To;sf/0f gofF 6«]8dfs{x¿ agfpbf njh, pRrf/0f jf KoflsË, /Ë ;of]hg ubf{ k|Voft 6«]8dfs{;+u cndlng] jf ‰'lSsg] ul/ agfOG5 . o;n] gof 6«]8dfs{sf] lj1fkg jf ahf/ lj:tf/ ug{ ;lhnf] agfO lbPsf sf/0f x'g ;S5 k|ltli7t Jofkfl/s / Jojf;foL 3/fgfx¿ ;d]t 6«\8dfs{ gSsn jf/]df v'n]/ lj/f]wdf af]Ng rfxfb}gg .

;/sf/n] bz jif{cl3 g} ljZj af}l4s ;DklQ ;Ë7gsf] ;xof]udf 6«]8dfs{ ;DaGwL gofF sfg'gsf] d:of}bf u/]sf] lyof] . t/ ;f] d:of}bf xfn;Dd klg sfg'g aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . o;f] x'g'df ;DalGwt dGqfnox¿aLr ;dGjosf] cefj / Jofkfl/s ;d'bfosf] pbf;Lgtf d'Vo sf/0f x'g;S5g\ . lsgls To;kl5 d:of}bf ul/Psf] k|ltlnlk clwsf/ ;DaGwL sfg'g nfu' eO;Sof] . ca ;do ;'xfpFbf] 6«]8dfs{ sfg'gsf nflu Jofkfl/s ;d'bfo / gful/s ;dfhn] cfjZos ax; / 5nkmn z'? ug'{ h?/L 5 . cfufdL lbgdf g]kfnsf] cfly{s gLlt / lqmofsnfkx¿ cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg'?k x'g'kg]{ x'gfn] klg casf] aGg] P]gn] cGt/f{li6«o cEof;nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug'{kg]{ afWotf 5 .

-n]vs …no;{ kmf]/d km/ OG6n]SRo'cn k|f]k6L{ /fO6;\Ú ;Fu ;Da4 x'g'x'G5 ._