g]kfnL ;fËLlts ahf/df nf]slk|otfsf] lzv/df /x]sf] of] uLt lnP/ tLg ;ftfcl3 a]lNhod k'u]sf lyP ab|L k+u]gL . pgnfO{ n08gaf;L g]kfnLx¿sf] klg lgDtf] cfPsf] 5 . 8]9 jif{cl3;Dd ckl/lrt Pp6f l76f] clxn] Ps}kN6 6]lnlehg PÍ/, lj1fkgsf] df]8n / nfvf}F >f]tfsf] lk|o ufos ag]sf] 5 . kf}g] b'O{ nfv k|lt lals;s]sf] bf]xf]/L cNad …;;'/fnLdfÚ sf] /f]oN6Laf6 dfq} ?=!) nfveGbf a9L sdfO;s]sf 5g\ k+u]gLn] . nf]s;ËLtsf] nf]slk|otf b]vfpg] gofF dfks ag]sf 5g\ @@ jifL{o ab|L .

To;f] t 8]9 bzscl3lt/} …vf]nfkfl/ lg/dfofÚ, …kfgsf] kftÚ h:tf nf]sbf]xf]/Ln] ;fgf]ltgf] xnrn gNofPsf xf]Ogg\ . Toltv]/ ufpFn] bf]xf]/LnfO{ zx/ leœofpg] >]o kfPsf lyP adaxfb'/ sfsL{ / pgsf ;xof]uLx¿n] . nuQ} cfPsf] k|]d/fhf dxtsf] …l;dl;d] kfgLdfÚ n] nf]sbf]xf]/Ldf csf]{ t/Ë Nofof] . ufpFa:tLdf ;Lldt nf]s tyf nf]sbf]xf]/Lsf efsf, nox¿nfO{ zx/ahf/dfkm{t\ b]ze/ km}nfpg] sfddf To;cl3sf s'df/ a:g]t, w|'j/fh v8\sf, kf08j ;'g'jf/, /fd yfkf, nf]saxfb'/ If]qL, ;fljqL zfx, cflbsf] pNn]Vo e"ldsf lyof] . t/, cfwf bzsotf ufpFsf efsfx¿ ;Lw}, ;xh} zx/ k;]sf 5g\ . lxGbL pb"{ uLtuhn / pQ]hs g[Tox¿sf nflu /]i6'/]G6 rxfg]{ Pp6f ju{ cfhef]ln nf]s;ËLtdf ‰'Dg yfn]sf] 5 . /fhwfgLdf v'n]sf s/La rf/ bh{g bf]xf]/L /]i6'/]G6x¿n] k|ToIf b]vfpF5g\ nf]sbf]xf]/Lsf] nf]slk|otfnfO{ . oBlk, ;ËLt ljZn]ifsx¿ /]i6'/]G6leq rNg] bf]xf]/LnfO{ jf:tljs bf]xf]/L geO{ dlb/f lasfpg] …nf]xf]/LÚ eG5g\ .

d"nwf/df nf]s;ËLt
;fËLlts ahf/df eg] kfFr jif{otf Pp6f qmflGt g} NofPsf] 5 nf]sbf]xf]/Ln] . lrofk;nb]lv ;fj{hlgs oftfoft;Dd htftt} nf]s;':s]/fx¿ ;'lgG5g\ . lxGbL uLt;ËLtsf] Pp6f 7"n} lx:;fnfO{ lj:yflkt u/]sf] 5 g]kfnL nf]s;ËLtn] . /, To;sf] ‰08} () k|ltzt lx:;f bf]xf]/Ln] cf]u6]sf] 5 . cfw'lgs / lkmNdL uLt;Fu} kk h]g]/]zgsf ?g], xfF:g]], km':km';fpg], dfTg]–dtfpg] uLtx¿df ;d]t nf]s;ËLtsf] …ˆn]j/Ú xfNg] gofF pkqmd b]lvPsf] 5 .

nf]s;ËLt uhan] h'd'{/fpg' / nf]sefsfn] ;a} ju{sf] dfof kfpg'sf k5fl8 y'k|} sf/0fx¿ 5g\ . kf/vLx¿sf cg';f/ nf]suLtdf cfˆgf]kg, ufpF3/sf s'/f x'G5g\, af]l‰nf] af}l4stf x'Fb}g . s]6fs]6L a"9fa"9L ;a}nfO{ grfpg], cfglGbt agfpg] v'aL x'G5 . ;ËLtsf/ zflGt/fd /fO{ o;nfO{ …ufDn] UNofd/Ú eG5g\ . Psflt/ dfbn / ;f/ËLsf] tfn, csf]{lt/ km'nL, a'nfsL, rf}aGbL, 9fsf nufPsf o'jtLx¿ clg Tof] ;f}Gbo{af6 cfslif{t k'?ifn] ltg} ;FlugLsf] ?k–>[ª\uf/sf] aofg u/]/ ufOlbFbf s]6f klg dVv, s]6L klg dVv . dfofk|Lltsf To:t} ;jfnhjfkmx¿ ;a}nfO{ ?lrs/ nfu]/} x'g;S5, bf]xf]/Lsf ;|i6f / >f]tf lbgx'F ylkFb}5g\ .

zx/L Onfsfdf bf]xf]/L /]i6'/]G6sf] nx/ rNg', k|z:t /]sl8{ª :6'l8of]x¿ v'Ng' / PkmPd /]l8of] tyf 6]lnlehgx¿n] nf]s;ËLtsf sfo{qmdnfO{ k|fyldstf ;fy k|;f/0f ug'{– xf/fxf/Ld} h'6]sf oL ;+of]ux¿n] nf]sbf]xf]/Lsf] ahf/nfO{ o;/L p7fP ls ca nf]suLt lagf :6'l8of] jf ljt/sx¿sf] /f]hL/f]6Lsf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsGg . k'/fgf] ;ËLt sDkgL …Do'lhs g]kfnÚ sf] ahf/sf] k|d'v c+z g} clxn] nf]s;ËLt ePsf] 5 . /fhwfgLsf wf}nflu/L, /~hgf, lxdfno cl8of], l;+un ;fp08, /Ldf, sflGtk'/, OGb|]0fL, w/x/f, ‰/gf, >4f, t/]nL ;ËLt nufotsf sDkgLx¿ nf]s;ËLtsf] pTkfbg / ljt/0fs} nflu sxlnPsf 5g\ . sf7df8f}Fsf s/La ^ bh{g /]sl8{ª :6'l8of]dWo] clwsf+zdf nf]s ufosx¿s} rxnkxn b]lvG5 cfhef]ln . zDe' /fO{, gf/fo0f /fodf‰L h:tf :yflkt nf]sufosx¿ cfkm}Fn] :6'l8of] vf]n]sf 5g\ . Go"gtd ?= cf7 nfvdf vf]Ng ;lsg] l8lh6n :6'l8of]x¿ df]km;ndf klg wdfwd v'Nb}5g\ .

la:tfl/t ahf/
clxn] /fhwfgLdf dfq} s/Lj Ps bh{g Do'lhs sDkgL k"0f{ ?kn] nf]suLt÷bf]xf]/L pTkfbg / ljt/0fdf ;+nUg 5g\ . zx/af6 ufpF jf j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfFbf ‰f]nfdf c6];Dd nf]sbf]xf]/Lsf cNad af]Sg] rng :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . /, bf]xf]/Lsf] ahf/ o;sf] hggL dflgg] klZrdf~rnaf6 km}lnFb} dWo, k"j{ / ;'b"/klZrdlt/ lj:tfl/t x'Fb}5 . /fhwfgLdf lx6 ePsf] cNad ca Ps}kN6 ;'Gg ;lsG5 Onfd, kf]v/f / wgu9Ldf . oBlk ljt/sx¿ of] jif{ nf]sbf]xf]/Lsf] ahf/ 36]sf] bfjL u5{g\ . eG5g\, æufpFdf czflGt ePkl5 cNadx¿ hfg} 5f]8]sf 5g\ . bz}Fltxf/sf] …lks l;hgÚ df klg aflx/sf ljt/sx¿af6 w]/} dfu cfPg .Æ ufos zDe' /fO{sf] ljrf/df ufpFdf afFRg kfOG5 ls kfOGg eGg] qf; eO/x]sf] a]nf of] dGbL cfpg' :jfefljs xf] . t/, hglha|f]df :yflkt >'ltdw'/ uLtx¿n] ufos, pTkfbs, ljt/s ;a}nfO{ /fd|} e/y]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . cfˆgf kl5Nnf bf]xf]/L cNad …3/ t lxn] xf]Ú / …wf/fkfgLdfÚ k"j{lt/ /fd|/L rn]sf] atfpFb} /fO{ eG5g\, æltg}n] t kfln/fv]sf 5g\ clxn] .Æ

czflGtn] h]h:tf] dGbL NofP klg ahf/df kk tyf cfw'lgs uLtx¿nfO{ nf]sbf]xf]/Lx¿n] w]/} k5fl8 5f]8]sf 5g\ . d'l:snn] !) xhf/ k|lt laSg] cf};t cfw'lgs÷kk cNadx¿sf cl3 cf/fdn] @)–@% xhf/ k|lt laSg] bf]xf]/L cNadx¿ cfkm}Fdf ‰6\sf x'g ;S5g\ . xfn ;jf{lws nf]sbf]xf]/L pTkfbg ug]{ wf}nflu/L Sof;]6 ;]G6/sf OGb| >]i7 bfjL u5{g\, æcfw'lgs kkeGbf aL;f}F u'0ff a9L 5 nf]sbf]xf]/Lsf] ahf/ / k|efj .Æ

gfd / bfd
clxn] ;jf{lws rn]sf] nf]sbf]xf]/L cNad xf] ab|L k+u]gLsf] …;;'/fnLdfÚ . …kfgsf] kftÚ, …bf;9'ËfÚ -ad a= sfsL{_ / …PsfbzL ahf/}dfÚ -v]d/fh u'?ª, hLjg efu–@_ sf] sLlt{dfgsf] xf/fxf/Ld} k'u]sf] 5 of] uLt . k|]d/fhf dxtsf] …l;dl;d] kfgLdfÚ kl5 s]xL ;do ;':tfPsf] nf]s;ËLtsf] ahf/nfO{ …PsfbzL ahf/}dfÚ n] k'ghL{jg lbof] . /, o;n] nf]sefsfsf] Jofj;flos ;kmntfsf] 9f]sf Ps}kN6 XjfË} vf]lnlbof] . …jfl/ hd'gfÚ n] csf]{ dfGotf s] klg :yflkt u¥of] eg] dg 5'g] efsf s'g} If]qdf dfq} ;Lldt x'Fb}g . v]d/fhsf] k"j]{nL efsf klZrdlt/ klg laSof] . bf]xf/Lx¿n] kmf6km'6] ;kmntf kfO/x]sf] a]nf v]d/fhsf] cNadn] sLlt{dfg /fv]kl5 xf}l;Psf nf]sufosx¿sf] ;lqmotf lbglbg} al9/x]5 clxn]sf] k|lts"n cj:yfdf klg .

ahf/df clxn] klZrdf / sfF7] bf]xf]/Lsf] babaf 5 . /, a9L alh/xg] cNadx¿ x'g\ ;;'/fnLdf, km"ndf ed/f, ?dfn} 5 lrgf], z'eljjfx, 3'DtLlt/ n]6, wf/fkfgLdf, aDaO{sf] sf]7L . ab|L k+u]gL, eujfg e08f/L, gf/fo0f /fodf‰L, v8\u uh'{jf, a'l4;fu/ a:ofn, gj/fh 3f]/f;}gL, tLy{ uGwj{, /]zd yfkf, /]zd ;fksf]6f, 3d]z b'nfn, k'?iff]Qd Gof}kfg];Fu} aLdfs'df/L b'/f, zld{nf u'?ª, OlGb/f u'?ª, nIdL Gof}kfg], l;Gw' dNn, lznf cfn], lzjf cfn], sf]dn cf]nL, b]jf 3tL{, uLtfb]jL, eujtL b+ufn, ;Ltf yfkf, xl/b]jL sf]O/fnf cflb nf]sbf]xf]/Ldf a9L ;'lgg] gfdx¿ x'g\ .

ptf, bf]xf]/L uLt zx/Lof >f]]tfdf‰ Nofpg bf]xf]/L /]i6'/]G6x?sf] klg pNn]Vo e"ldsf 5 . rfnL;sf] bzssf] z'?lt/ uhn /]i6'/f, To;kl5 8fG; /]i6'/f xF'b} clxn] /fhwfgLsf] …gfO6 nfOkmÚsf] cfsif{0f aGg k'u]sf 5g\, bf]xf]/L /]i6'/]G6x? . :j:y dgf]/Ghg rfxg]x?sf nflu bf]xf]/L /]i6'/]G6x¿ /fd|f] ljsNk ag]sf 5g\ . o:tf /]i6'/]G6 / ltgdf /dfpg] u|fxsx?sf] a9\bf] ;+Vofn] nf]s ufos÷uflosfx?nfO{ klg /f]huf/Lsf] gofF ljsNk lbPsf] 5 . h:tf] efsf / :j/df klg ufpg tof/ Tof] ;d"xsf ufosuflosfx¿n] klg cNad lgsfNg yfn]sf 5g\ .

;:tf] / ;lhnf] klg 5 bf]xf]/L cNad lgsfNg . uLtsf] af]n lnP/ s'g} :6'l8of]df k'Uof] / lglZrt /sd lt¥of] . :6'l8of]n] g} ;+uLt ;+of]hsb]lv jfBjfbs;Dd ;a}sf] k|aGw ldnfpF5 . s/La ?=@% xhf/d} Pp6f df:6/ skL tof/ x'G5 hals cfw'lgs uLtsf] Pp6f cNadsf nflu Go"gtd ?=&) xhf/ vr{ x'G5 . To;kl5 snfsf/sf] :t/, uLtsf] no / Jofj;flos ;Defjgfsf cfwf/df ljt/s;Fu ;D‰f}tf x'G5 . ljt/0f sDkgLn] laqmLsf cfwf/df ?=$ b]lv ?=* ;Ddk|lt Sof;]6 /f]oN6L lbG5g\ . clg, pTkfbg, 8laª, ljt/0f vr{ tyf l/6]n sldzg ;a} ldnfP/ ;fdfGotof Pp6f cNadsf] d"No ?= %%–^) x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

Jofkfl/s ;Defjgf;Fu} bf]xf]/Ldf gofF gofF k|of]u x'gyfn]sf 5g\ . t/]nL ;ËLt s'~hn] bf]xf]/Ldf ;+jfb /fv]/ uLltsyfsf] :jfb lbg] / Pp6} syfj:t'df wf/fjflxs cNad lgsfNg] k|rng z'? u¥of] . ahf/ k|j4{gsf nflu ?= !%–@) xhf/ vr{ u/]/ …leh'onÚ lvRg] nx/ z'? ePkl5 bf]xf]/Ldfkm{t\ df]8nx¿n] klg sfd kfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . ptf, :6'l8of], jfBjfbs / P/]Gh/x¿sf] Jo:ttf cfˆg} 7fpFdf 5 . nf]sbf]xf]/L If]qdf Jo:t P/]Gh/ k"0f{ u'?Ë, h'h' u'?Ësf] dfl;s cfDbfgL ?= Ps nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf x'g] atfOG5 . ;'Gb/ nfdf, b'uf{ u'?Ë, s'Gbg /fO{ c¿ rlr{t P/]Gh/ x'g\ . P/]Gh/x¿n] g} cNad pTkfbgsf] 7]Ssf lnOlbg] rng klg a9]sf] 5, lxhf]cfh .

lj;Ëlt klg
t/ nf]s tyf bf]xf]/Ldf z'e;Í]tx¿ dfq 5}gg\ . vNtLdf ?=@)–#) xhf/ ePs} e/df nf]sufos aGg]x¿sf] af9L cfPkl5 /fd|f efsf / /fd|f ufosx¿ cf]‰]ndf kg]{ ;+efjgf Tolts} b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf] b[i6fGt x'g;S5g\, b]p8f ufos gGbs[i0f hf]zL . ;'b"/klZrdsf] b]p8f efsfdf s/La b'O{ bh{g cNad lgsfln;s]sf hf]zLn] gfd / Voflt t k|z:t} sdfP t/ k};f sdfPgg\ . ;'b"/klZrdsf s]xL Sof;]6 sDkgLx¿n] pgs} efsf rf]/]/ kmfnfkmfn b]p8f lgsfNbf g pgn] s[t1tf kfP, g s'g} /f]oN6L . pgsf] cfu|x 5, h] kfof] ToxL ufP/ nf]suLtsf] dd{dfly k|xf/ gul/of];\ .

nf]sefsfsf &% j6f cNad lgsfln;s]sf ufos adaxfb'/ sfsL{sf] klg hf]zLsf] h:t} u'gf;f] 5 . u'0f:t/lagf Xjf/XjftL{ cfPsf nf]suLtn] k};f sdfpg] dfq p2]Zo af]Sg yfn]kl5 nf]s;+:s[ltsf] dfgdb{g x'gyfn]sf] cg'ej 5 pgL;Fu . sfsL{ eG5g\, æx'Fbfx'Fbf ;;'/f–a'xf/L, ;f;"–HjfOFsf bf]xf]/L uLt cfpg yfn] .Æ æxfd|f] ;dfhdf ;;'/f–a'xf/Ln] To;/L ufpF5g\ / <Æ, pgL k|Zg u5{g\ .

hf]zL, sfsL{ b'j}n] cf}+NofP ‰}F nf]sbf]xf]/Ldf ljs[t kIfx¿ klg k|z:t} 5g\ . k'/fgf efsfx¿nfO{ km]/abn ug]{ nx8df df}lnstf wldlnPsf] 5 . st} st} k|of]u / kl/isf/sf gfddf crfSnL x'g yfn]sf] 5 . :yflkt af]n / nodfly eO/x]sf] tf]8d/f]8 klg bf]xf]/Ldf b]lvPsf w]/} ljs[ltx¿dWo] Pp6f xf] . dfofk|Llt / 76\of}nLsf k|;ËnfO{ bf]xf]/Lsf] k|f0f dflgG5 t/ xF;Ldhfssf gfddf cln a9L g} pbf/ x'g yfn]sf] 5, gofF k':tf . nf]suLtdf ljBfjfl/lw ub}{ u/]sf bfªsf k'/fgf ufos uf]ljGb cfrfo{ eG5g\, æ;:s[lt;Fu hf]l8Psf] s'/f clxn] cyf]{kfh{g;Fu hf]l8P/ cfPkl5 nf]suLtsf] xl/of]kmfF6df kx]Fnf lj;Ëltx¿ klg k;]sf 5g\ .Æ