lxhf]sf] ;kgf cfh ;fsf/
s]xL jif{cl3;Dd wgf9\ox¿n] dfq r9\g] sf/ / hLkdf ca dWodjuL{o kl/jf/x¿ klg tflgPsf 5g\ . klxn] ljnf;L dflgg] oL ;jf/L ;fwg ca cfjZostf aGg yfn]sf 5g\ .

ls/0f g]kfn÷d's'n x'dfufOF

l5Nnf b'O{ jif{ sf/ ahf/ s]xL v:s]sf] b]lvP klg u|fxsx¿nfO{ 5gf]6sf] cj;/ lbFb} Pskl5 csf]{ a|f08 / df]8nsf gofFgofF sf/x¿ cfO/x]s} 5g\ . sf/kf/vLx¿n] Ps ;] Ps df]8n 5fg]/ xfFSg] cfˆgf] zf]v k"/f ug{ kfPsf 5g\ . sf7df8f}Fsf] s'g} 6«flkms rf}af6f]df PSs}l5g cfFvf 3'dfpg] xf] eg] nfU5, of] sf/}sf/sf] zx/ xf] . Ps}rf]l6 ?=!)–!% nfv ?k}ofF l‰Sg g;sL sf/ x]/]/ jf To;sf] s'/f u/]/ lrQ a'‰fpg]x¿ klg ?=%)–^) xhf/ dfq} l‰s]/ c¿ k};f AofÍsf] ;xof]uaf6 ;/n ls:tfdf a'‰fpFb} sf/ r9\g ;Sg] ePsf 5g\ .

kl5Nnf] ;do sf/ laqm]tf / AofÍn] cl3 ;f/]sf of]hgfx¿nfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] clxn] dlxgfsf] ?=@)–@% xhf/ cfDbfgL ug]{ hf] sf]xLn] klg uf8L r9\g ;S5 . AofÍ / Jofkf/L ;a} b]zsf] cfly{s cj:yf g;lk|p~h]n nufgL tyf Jofkf/sf gofF–gofF If]q vf]Hg afWo ePsf 5g\ . oxL afWotfsf] k|ltkmn xf], sf/ahf/sf] gofF /f}gs klg . jflif{s ‰08} ;f9] b'O{ ca{ ?k}ofFsf] sf/f]af/ u5{g\ ;fgf uf8Lx¿ . oxL ahf/df u|fxs tfGg s;/t ul//x]sf 5g\, ‰08} 8]9 bh{g sDkgLsf %) eGbf a9L df]8n . ljutdf ;DkGgx¿sf] a|f08 ag]sf] 6f]of]6f nfO{ r'gf}tL lbFb} c¿ hfkfgL sf/x¿ klg g]kfnLx¿sf] 5gf}6df kg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . k|mfG;df ag]sf] Ko'hf] / hd{gLsf] dl;{l8h a]~h h:tf sf/sf Jofkf/Lx¿n] g]kfnd} zf]–?d vf]n]/ o'/f]lkog sf/sf zf}lvgx¿sf nflu ;d]t ;f]‰} l‰sfpFbf x'g] ‰~‰6 / clws vr{af6 /fxt lbPsf 5g\ .

8]9 bzscl3 xNsf sf/ leœofP/ pRr–dWod ju{df nf]slk|o ag]sf] df?lt sf] Ps5q /hfOF clxn] s]xL 36]sf] 5 . hfkfg, sf]l/of, blIf0fk"jL{ Pl;of / o'/f]ksf sf/ sDkgLx¿n] blIf0f Plzofsf] …dfs]{6 xaÚ ef/tdf k|j]z u/]kl5 o:tf] x'g yfn]sf] xf] . kmf]8{, lkmo6 / cf]k]n h:tf klZrdf tyf 6f]of]6f / Xo'08fO h:tf hfkfg / sf]l/ofsf sDkgLx¿n] ef/td} cfP/ of] If]qsf dWodjuL{ox¿n] lsGg ;Sg] >]0fLsf sf/ pTkfbg ug{ z'? u/]sf 5g\ .

cfly{s ;j]{If0f @)^) cg';f/ b]ze/ ;8ssf] nDafO{{{ !^))) lsdL k'u]sf] 5 . t/, oL ;a} ;8s ;fgf uf8Lsf nflu pkof]uL eg] xf]Ogg\ . ag]sf hlt ;a} sfnf]kq] ;8sdf ;fgf uf8L u'8\5g\ eGg] dfGg] xf] eg] $^@& lsdL ;8sdf ^^#(% j6f sf/÷Eofg÷hLk u'8\5g\ . oftfoft Joj:yf ljefusf] tYofÍ cg';f/ cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{df $#&$ ;fgf uf8L btf{ ePsf]]df cfly{s jif{ @)%(÷^)df ‰08} PsltxfO{ 36]/ @()^ j6f dfq btf{ ePsf] 5 . t/, laqm]tfx¿ gofF ahf/sf] lj:tf/n] Jofkf/ /fd|} rln/x]sf] atfpF5g\ . ltgsf] egfOdf sf/–ahf/sf] cfznfUbf] b[Zo eg]sf] df]6/ x'g]x¿sf] gofF–gofF df]8ntkm{sf] cfsif{0f / x'Fb} gePsfx¿sf] ;x'lnotdf sf/ lsGg] rfxgf g} xf] .

yl/yl/sf df]8n
;fgf sf/sf] ahf/df 7"nf] lx:;f cf]u6\g ;kmn c?0f OG6/slG6g]G6nn] hfkfgdf ag]sf] ;'h'sL / ef/tdf ag]sf] df?lt ;'h'sL sf/ tyf hLkx¿ laqmL ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;'h'sL a|f08sf Uo|fG8 le6f/f, lnPgf, OlUg; / lhDgL tyf df?lt ;'h'sL a|f08sf e;f{, Pl:6d, jfuf]g cf/, h]g, cN6f], df?lt *)) / cf]DgL Eofg h:tf df]8n pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;g\ !((( b]lv sf]l/of / ef/tdf ag]sf Xo'08fO{ df]6/x¿sf] Jofkf/ ub}{ cfPsf] PEsf] O06/g]zgn;Fu clxn] ;f] a|f08sf kfFr j6f df]8n 5g\– ef/tdf ag]sf ;f06«f] / PS;]06 tyf sf]l/ofdf ag]sf Dofl6«S;, ;fGtf km] / 6]/fsfg . rf/ dlxgfcl3 dfq} Xo'08fO{ sf] kl5Nnf] df]8n ;fGtf km] nfO{ g]kfndf NofPsf] PEsf]n]] bz}F–ltxf/sf] aLrdf u]6\h eGg] gofF df]8n leœofpFb} 5 .

nfdf] ;do;Dd 6«s / a;x¿ pTkfbg ub}{ cfPsf] ef/tsf] k|l;4 uf8L lgdf{tf 6f6f df]6;{ klg ;fgf uf8Lsf ahf/sf] b/f] k|lt:kwL{ ag]sf] 5 . Ol08sf sf/ dfkm{t\ ahf/df k|j]z u/]sf] 6f6fn] xfn} Ol08uf] eGg] gofF df]8nsf] sf/ klg NofPsf] 5 . 6f6fsf] clws[t laqm]tf l;k|bL 6«]l8ª k|f=ln=sf If]qLo laqmL k|aGws x]g/L aaL l6df]yL eG5g\, æl8h]naf6 rNg] Ol08uf]sf w]/} ljz]iftf 5g\ . To;}n] t klxnf] n6sf !@ j6} sf/ laqmL eO;s] .Æ

klZrdf d'n'ssf sDkgLx¿n] ef/tdf uf8L agfpg z'? u/]kl5 kmf]8{, lkmo6 / cf]k]n h:tf a|f08x¿ klg k|lt:kwL{ d"Nodf kfOg yfn]sf 5g\ . ;g\ !((* b]lv ljho df]6;{n] g]kfndf laqmL ub}{ cfPsf] cf]k]n sf] kl5Nnf] df]8n sf];f{ nf]slk|o sf/x¿df ulgG5 . ljho df]6;{sf ahf/ k|aGws ;'/]g ab]{jfsf cg';f/, ahf/df cfPsf] tLg jif{df @%) j6f of] uf8L laqmL eO;s]sf] 5 . cf:6«f o;sf] csf]{ nf]slk|o df]8n xf] . rfF8} g} cf]K6«f gfds gofF df]8n cfpFb}5 . ut jif{b]lv g]kfndf lelqPsf] kmf]8{ cfOsf]g sf/ jif{ lbgdf ;o j6f laqmL e};s]sf] o;sf] clws[t laqm]tf b'u8 c6f]df]afON;sf] bfaL 5 .

g]kfnsf] ahf/nfO{ nfdf] ;dob]lv k|efljt ug]{ hfkfgsf 6f]of]6f, lgzfg, dfHbf, 8fOxfT;' uf8Lsf gofF–gofF df]8nx¿ clxn] klg cfO/x]sf 5g\ . w]/} jif{;Dd g]kfndf sf/ eGg] ljlQs} ‰‰Nsf] cfpg] 6f]of]6f c‰} w]/} g]kfnLn] r9\g rfxg] sf/s} >]0fLdf cfpF5 . ;g\ !(^& b]lv @))! ;Dd g]kfndf rNg] hfkfgL uf8Lx¿dWo] gDa/ Ps /x]sf] 6f]of]6f sf xfn Osf], sf]/f]nf / Sofd/L sf/, ¥ofe kmf]/ :kf]6{;\ hLk tyf Nof08qm'h/ / k|f8f] hLk rNtLdf 5g\ . 6f]of]6f nfO{ pl5g]/ kl5Nnf] b'O{ jif{df :yfgLo ahf/df laqmL x'g] gDa/ Ps hfkfgL uf8L aGg ;kmn lg;fg sf ;GgL sf/ tyf PS;6«]n / 6]/fgf] :kf]6{;\ hLkx¿ ahf/df pknAw 5g\ . cfufdL jif{ lg;fg sf] gofF ljnf;L sf/ NofOg] s'/f b'u8 P08 ;G;sf df]ltnfn b'u8 atfpF5g\ .

klxnf] k6s @)#! ;fndf :j= /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] z'e/fHofleif]stfsf 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf g]kfn lelqPsf] dfHbf sf] kl5Nnf] df]8n dfHbf ^ n] w]/} pRrjuL{o u|fxsx¿nfO{ tfg]sf] 5 . aflx/L :j?k / cGo ;'ljwfafx]s rf/ j6} rSsfdf hl8Psf] l8:s a|]s of] sf/sf] ljz]iftf dflgG5 . dfHbf sf] clws[t laqm]tf kb\d>L O06/g]zgnsf /f]lx0fL yklnofsf cg';f/ o;sf] …On]S6«f]lgs a|]skfj/ l8li6«Ao';gÚ
-Ola8L_ ;+oGq hl8t a|]s k|0ffnLdf rf/ j6} rSsfdf a/fa/L ;Gt'ngdf a|]s nfUg] x'gfn] of] uf8L lgs} ;'/lIft 5 . dfHbf ^ sf] laqmLaf6 pT;flxt kb\d>Ln] rfF8} g} gofF df]8n dfHbf # klg Nofpg nfu]sf] 5 .

:yfgLo ahf/df kfOg] hfkfgd} ag]sf] csf]{ uf8L xf] 8fOxfT;' . xfn o;sf ;]l/8 / l;l/of]g df]8nsf ;fgf sDKofS6 sf/ tyf 6]l/of]; :kf]6{;\ hLk rNtLdf 5g\ . ;fgf] hLk ePsf]n] 6]l/of]; of] ju{sf uf8L r9\g ?rfpg]x¿sf] pRr 5gf}6df k/]sf] 8fOxfT;'sf clws[t laqm]tf uf]N5f ;d"xsf cfsfz uf]N5f atfpF5g\ . pgsf cg';f/, 6]l/of]; sf] laqmL k|ltjif{ #) j6fsf] xf/fxf/Ldf eO/x]sf] 5 . uf]N5f ;d"xn] sf]l/og uf8Lk|lt g]kfnLx¿sf] df]x a9]sf] b]v]/ ;fªofª a|f08sf rf/ j6f df]8n ahf/df NofPsf] 5– b'O{ 9f]sf ePsf] sf]/f08f], /]S;6f]g / d':;f] :kf]6{;\ hLk tyf dl;{l8h Ol~hg hl8t r]o/Dofg sf/ . ;f] ;d"xn] s]xL ;doleq} dn]l;ofdf ag]sf] ldT;'lj;L Ol~hg ePsf] k]6«f]naf6 rNg] k|f]6f]g a|f08sf lj/f, :of6\l/of, k/8fgf / jfhf df]8nsf uf8L klg leœofpg] tof/L u/]sf] 5 .

b'O{ jif{ eof], c6f]Nof08 k|flnn] k|mfG;df ag]sf] Ko'hf] uf8L laqmL ug{ yfn]sf] . o'/f]kdf Hofbf laqmL x'g] Ko'hf] sf kfFr j6f df]8nx¿ ahf/df pknAw 5g\, h;dWo] ?=@% nfv kg]{ Ko'hf] @)^ a9L laqmL x'g] u/]sf] c6f]Nof08sf lgb]{zs lg;fg /fhe08f/L atfpF5g\ .

s]xL jif{otf lgSs} cfqmfds 9Ëaf6 cfPsf] a|f08 xf], sf]l/ofsf] lsof . o;sf] clws[t laqm]tf sl06g]06n 6«]l8ª O06/k|fOh]hsf cg';f/ ef/tLo uf8L kl5 ;jf{lws laqmL x'g] a|f08 xf] of] . sDkgLsf dxfk|aGws s]bf/ nfld5fg] ;g\ @))# df :yfgLo ahf/df kfFr ;o lsof uf8L laqmL ug]{ nIosf] glhs k'lu;s]sf] atfpF5g\ . o;sf xfn;Dd ahf/df pknAw df]8nx¿df l/of], ;]lkmof @, z'df @, :kf]6]{h / ;f]/]06f] k|d'v 5g\ . clK6df / cf]lk/; sf/ o;sf gofF cfpg] uf8Lx¿ x'g\ .

Xo'08fO, kmf]8{, lkmo6 cflbn] ;fgf sf/sf] ahf/nfO{ r'gf}tL lbPkl5 c?0f O06/sl06g]06nn] cfkm"nfO{ df?lt ;'h'sL eGbf hfkfgL ;'h'sL df s]lGb|t ug]{ ePsf] 5 . sDkgLsf dfs]{l6ª Dofg]h/ ljj]s lah'S5] eG5g\, æ;fgf ef/tLo sf/x¿aLr a9L k|lt:kwf{ ePsfn] ca xfdL Pu|]l;EnL hfkfgLh sf/df hfFb}5f}F . xfdLn] a|f08 Od]hsf nflu klg a9L d"Nosf hfkfgL df]6/x¿sf] k|lt:kwf{df cf]n{g' k/]sf] xf] .Æ

kfFr jif{cl3 g]kfn lelqPsf] Xo'08fO sf] ;f06«f] sf/ bz}Fsf] xf/fxf/Ldf rf}yf] :j?kdf cfpg nfu]sf] 5 . Ps xhf/ l;;Lsf] ;f06«f] l8PS; af6 hLk8«fOe, hLkKn; x'Fb} !! ;o l;;Lsf] ;f06«f] lhª ;Dd cfOk'Ubf o;sf] :j?kdf ;fdfGo kl/jt{g dfq} ePsf] 5 . ;f06«f]sf clws[t laqm]tf PEsf] O06/g]zgnsf h'lgo/ Dofg]h/ of]u]g u'?ª eG5g\, ægofF :jfb vf]Hg] u|fxsx¿ w]/} x'g] x'gfn] df]8n kl/jt{g eO/xG5 .Æ

;fgf sf/, 7"nf] Jofkf/
g]kfnL pkef]Stfdf‰ lgs} nf]slk|o ;fgf sf/x¿n] ahf/df ;a}nfO{ pl5g]sf 5g\ . 7"nf / dxFuf sf/ lsGg] x}l;ot gePsf, t/ sf/ lsGg rfxg]x¿sf nflu a/bfg g} ePsf 5g\ oL sf/x¿ . ahf/df clxn] ?=& nfvb]lv !$ nfv;Dd kg]{ o:tf sf/sf Ps bh{geGbf a9L df]8nx¿ 5g\ . sf/ laqm]tfx¿sf] sf/f]af/sf] 7"nf] c+z klg x'g\ ;fgf sf/ . cf7 ;ob]lv !@ ;o l;;L;Ddsf ;fgf sf/x¿ jflif{s !#–!$ ;o laqmL x'g] ub{5g\ .

lxhf]cfh Xo'08fO{ sf] ;f06«f] hLk Kn; sf] dfu a9]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fgf sf/sf] dfu a9]sf] b]v]/ ljho df]6;{n] b'O{ dlxgfcl3 cf]k]n sf] sf];f{ ;]n NofPsf] lyof], h;nfO{ u|fxsx¿n] lgs} dgk/fPsf] sDkgLsf] bfaL 5 . ;f] sDkgLsf ;'/]g ab]{jf eG5g\, æb'O{ dlxgfdf %% j6f laqmL e};Sof] .Æ uf]N5f cu{gfOh];gn] xfn} ahf/df NofPsf] ?=!$ nfv kg]{ ;]l/8 kfFr j6f laqmL ul/;Sof] . 6f6f Ol08sf klg nf]slk|o /x]sf] atfpFb} l;k|bL 6]«l8Ësf hh{ eG5g\, ædlxgfsf] @) j6f laqmL x'G5 .Æ sf7df8f}Fdf
/x]sf k|foM ;a} sf/ laqm]tfx¿sf] 7"nf] Jofkf/ log} ;fgf sf/af6 x'G5 .

r/d k|lt:kwf{
;a}nfO{ cfˆgf] laqmL a9fpg' 5, h'g ;xh 5}g . ;a} sDkgLn] a|f08 :yfkgfsf] k/Dk/fut ;"q …laqmL, laqmLkl5sf] ;]jf / :k]o/ kf6{;\sf] pknAwtfÚ nfO{ plQs} dxŒj lbPsf 5g\ . oltn] gk'u]/ gofF–gofF df]8n pknAw u/fpg], k'/fgf] sf/;Fu ;f6\g], AofÍaf6 C0f lbnfpg], Psd'i6 /sd 5'6 lbg] h:tf cg]sf}F pkfox¿ klg cFufn]sf 5g\, uf8L laqm]tfx¿n] .

AofÍx¿sf] …kmfOgfG; l:sdÚ n] sf/ r9\g rfxg], t/ k'/} k};f ltg{ g;Sg] w]/}sf] ;kgf k"/f u/]sf] 5 . …kmfOgfG; l:sdÚ df uf8L pknAw u/fpg] bf}8df ;a} sf/ laqm]tfx¿ nfu]sf 5g\ . clxn] ‰08} () k|ltzt sf/ laqmL kmfOgflG;Ëaf6 / !) k|ltzt dfq} …Sof; 8fpgÚ u/]/ x'G5 .

shf{ k|jfxsf k|d'v If]qx¿ j}b]lzs Jofkf/ / pBf]uwGbfdf 5fPsf] dGbLaf6 pDsg 3/, uf8L, lzIffh:tf If]qdf nufgL ug{ tlD;Psf AofÍx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] Jofkf/tkm{ tfGg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ sf/ Jofkf/Lx¿ . o; qmddf pgLx¿ sdeGbf sd Jofh / Go"gtd dfl;s ls:tfaGbLsf] cfsif{0f b]vfP/ u|fxs kNsfpg] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .

PEsf] OG6/Gofzgnn] ;f06«f] sf] laqmL a9fpg nIdL AofÍ;Fu ;D‰f}tf g} u/]sf] 5 . h; cg';f/, u|fxsn] ?=&) xhf/ ltg]{lalQs} Xo'08fO{ sf] ;f06«f] r9\g kfpF5, t/, ;ft jif{;Dd dfl;s ?=!$&)* ?k}ofF ltg{ ;Sg] lglZrt cfo;|f]t eg] p;n] b]vfpg ;Sg'k5{ . (=% k|ltzt Aofhdf lbOg] o; shf{df AofÍn] u|fxs x]l/sg % b]vL & jif{sf nflu sf/sf] d"Nosf] ^) b]lv *) k|ltzt;Dd kmfOgfG; ub{5 . sf/ ahf/df a9]sf] k|lt:kwf{n] ubf{ sltko laqm]tfn] AofÍx¿nfO{ xfn k|rlnt (–!) k|ltzt AofhdWo] ;ft–;f9] ;ft k|ltzt dfq lgwf{/0f ug{ nufO{ aLrsf] b'O{–;f9] b'O{ k|ltzt cfkm}F lt/]/ u|fxssf] ls:tfnfO{ s]xL xf]nf] kfl/lbg] sfddf nfu]sf 5g\ .

s]xL sf/ laqm]tfx¿n] k'/fgf uf8L;Fu gofF uf8L ;§fk§fsf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ . Xo'08fO{, cf]k]n / Ol08sf n] t]h P08 s/0f / sf/ df6{ h:tf sf7df8f}Fsf l/sl08;g xfp;dfkm{t\ k'/fgf] sf/ ;f6]/ gofF sf/ lbg] Joj:yf u/]sf 5g\ .

/fh:jsf] e/kbf]{ ;|f]t
c6f]df]afOn If]qn] ;/sf/L /fh:jdf !$–!% k|ltzt of]ubfg lbPsf] s'/f ;'Gbf w]/}nfO{ cfZro{ nfUnf . t/, of] jf:tljstf xf] / c‰} a9\b} klg 5 . of] If]qn] cfoftstf{, ljt/s, v'b|f laqm]tf, rfns, d]sflgS; u/L ‰08} b'O{ nfv JolQmnfO{ /f]huf/L lbPsf] 5 .

d'n'ssf *) k|ltzt hgtfn] k|of]u ug]{ oftfoftsf] ;fwg ag]sf] c6f]df]afOn kl5Nnf lbgx¿df ;'ljwf eGbf klg cfjZostf ag]sf] 5 . t/, xfn} cGtMz'Ns a9fP/ sfod ul/Psf] eG;f/ b/n] s]xL xb;Dd /fHon] o;nfO{ c‰} ;'ljwfs} >]0fLdf /fv]sf] a'l‰G5 . Joj;foLx¿ ;/sf/L Jojxf/ lg/fzfhgs /x]sf] atfpF5g\ . pgLx¿sf] egfOdf oxL If]qn] lbPsf] /fh:jaf6} ;/sf/n] ;8s ;'wf/ / lj:tf/ ub}{ hfg'kg]{df To:tf] s]xL ePsf] 5}g . rfn' cfly{s jif{df ;8s af]8{ u7g u/]/ To;dfkm{t\ oftfoft If]q / t]nsf] laqmLaf6 cfPsf] /sdnfO{ ;8s lj:tf/df nufOg] eg] klg pgLx¿ ljZj:t 5}gg\ .

;/sf/n] sf7df8f}F pkTosfaf6 @) jif{ k'/fgf 6\ofS;Lx¿ :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . of] lg0f{o hlt ;kmntfk"j{s nfu' x'G5 Tolt g} o;af6 l;h{gf x'g] gofF ahf/n] ;/sf/sf] /fh:j a9fpg ;S5 . t/, tLg jif{cl3 ul/Psf] @) jif{ k'/fgf ;Dk"0f{ ;jf/L ;fwg x6fpg] lg0f{o c‰} nfu' x'g;s]sf] 5}g . kof{Kt u[xsfo{ gu/L ul/Psf] of] lg0f{onfO{ kl5 pN6f] …clgjfo{Ú af6 …:j]lR5sÚ df kl/0ft ul/of] . a? ;/sf/n] k'/fgf uf8L gi6 ug{ rfxg]x¿nfO{ k'/fg} gDa/df gofF uf8L btf{ ul/lbg]h:tf ;x'lnot lbPsf] eP s]xL kl/0ffd b]lvGYof] .