lx+;flj?4
o'jf cfx\jfg
lx+;f–k|ltlx+;fsf]
Hjfnfn] b]z / ;dfhnfO{ nk]6]sf] b]Vbf eSsflgPsf] /x]5
g]kfnL o'jfx¿sf] d'6' . lstfa–snd
af]s]/ :s"n–sn]h uO/xFbf df}g Pj+ zfGt
h:tf] b]lvP klg ltgLx¿ gf/f nufO/x]sf, lrRofO/x]sf
/ s/fO/x]sf /x]5g\– t/ lgzAb cyf{t\ dgdg} .
dft[e"lddfly cfOk/]sf] ;Í6nfO{ ltgn] /fd|/L
a'‰]sf / cfTd;ft\ u/]sf dfq /x]g5g\, xTof–lx+;fsf]
>[ª\vnfn] lgDTofpg] lagf; / cl:tTj ;Í6sf]
cfFsng klg ul/;s]sf /x]5g\ . ælx+;fsf]
af6f]df nfu]sf o'jfx¿nfO{ s]xL eGg rfxg' x'G5
<Æ eGg] xfd|f] cfXjfgsf] k|To'Q/df k|fKt
zflGtsfdL tGg]/Lx¿sf n]vfO{ / ljrf/x¿
k9\bf yfxf ePsf] tYo xf] of] .
b]zsf] b'/fj:yfaf6 o'jfk':tf
olt ps';d's'; ePsf] /x]5Ù x'nfs, ˆofS;
/ O{d]ndfkm{t\ #@ c;f/;Dddf %@ lhNnfsf #))±tGg]/Lx¿n]
cfˆgf ljrf/, ;'‰fj, ;Nnfx, kL8f, cg'/f]w
/ ofrgfx¿ xfdLnfO{ k7fP . …xTof–lx+;f
s'g} klg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf]Og, lx+;fdf nfu]sfx¿n]
Tof] af6f] Tofu]/ zflGtk"0f{ ;+3if{sf] af6f]
/f]Hg'k5{Ú eg]/ (( k|ltzt o'jfx¿n] n]v]sf
5g\ . x/]ssf] n]]vfO{ x[bo:kzL{ 5 . ts{
/ b[i6fGtx¿ :jfefljs 5g\ . cfXjfg–cg'/f]wx¿
Jofjxfl/s, oyfy{ / OdfGbf/ 5g\ . oBkL %)) sf]
zAb ;LdfrflxF clwsf+zaf6 pNn+3g ePsf] 5 .
pTs[i6 ljrf/ k7fpg]x¿dWo] PshgfnfO{ k'/:s[t
ug]{ xfd|f] k"j{ 3f]if0ffcg'?k dx]Gb| ax'd'vL
SofDk;, bfªsf 6f]kaxfb'/ v8\sfsf] n]vfO{{ To;
lglDt 5flgPsf] 5 . ljrf/, ts{ / efjgfsf ;fy}
n]vfOdf ;di6Lut ;Gt'ng tyf zAbfg'zf;gnfO{ 5gf]6sf]
cfwf/ agfOPsf] 5 .
cfˆgf] dgsf s'/f k7fpg' x'g] ;Dk"0f{ tGg]/Lx¿nfO{
lxdfn va/klqsf wGojfb 1fkg ub{5, / gub ?=%))) ljh]tf
v8\sfnfO{ awfO{ klg Û
d[To'
x}g, hLjgsf] af6f] /f]hf}F
6f]kaxfb'/
v8\sf
lk|o
ldq …ljb|f]xÚ tyf clx+;fdfuL{ a'4sf]
e"lddf blGs/x]sf] lx+;f / k|ltlx+;fsf]
Hjfnfdf xf]ldPsf ;d:t o'jf ;fyLx¿ Û
tkfO{Fx¿ st} 8/nfUbf] kl/0ffd lg:sg]
af6f]lt/ t lxFl8/xg'ePsf] 5}g < l;h{gzLn
sfd ug]{ pd]/df nx}nx}d} ljWj+;fTds dfu{lt/
lxFl8/xg'ePsf] t 5}g < Pskm]/ ;f]lrx]g'{xf];\
t, st} tkfO{Fx¿sf] lx+;fTds lqmofsnfkn]
…zflGtk|]dLÚ g]kfnLsf] lz/ lgx'¥ofpg]
sfd ePsf] 5 ls <
s'g} ;do ljBfnodf …snd 7"nf] ls t/af/Ú
eg]/ ul/Psf] jfbljjfb k|ltof]lutfdf sndsf] kIfdf
tkfO{Fx¿n] /fv]sf] hf]8bf/ ts{ ;+ejt
lal;{;Sg' ePsf] 5}g xf]nf . lgZro klg Toltv]/
tkfO{Fx¿ sndnfO{ …hLjg, k|ult /
;Eotfsf] k|tLsÚ atfpg'x'GYof], t/af/nfO{
d[To' / ljgfz;Fu ufF:g'x'GYof] . t/, sndsf
k"j{kIfw/ tkfO{Fx¿ clxn] t/jf/n]
sfjf{xL ug]{ cj:yfdf x'g'x'G5 . cfkm"nfO{
dg gk/]sf] dflg;nfO{ …7Ls ug'{5Ú
eg] ltgnfO{ tkfO{Fx¿n] ls6] k'U5–
km6fxf, ju{zq' / ;'/fsL eg]/ . To;kl5 ltgsf]
…;kmfofÚ ug{ tkfO{Fx¿nfO{
;do klg gnfUnf . sf6\g] / dfg]{ sfd Ps
lgd]ifd} ;lsPnf, t/ ;f]Rg'xf];\ t, Pp6f dfG5]nfO{
;Dk"0f{ ?kdf x'sf{pg cleefjssf] slt vr{,
Tofu / ldlxg]t rflxG5 Û ldg]6 e/df
…;kmfofÚ ul/Psf] dflg;nfO{ s] To;}u/L
Jo'tfpg ;Dej x'G5 / <
lx+;fsf] cfTd3ftL af6f] ;dfTg' k5fl8 tkfO{Fx¿sf
cfˆg} ts{ xf]nfg\M ;dfhdf zf]if0f eof],
d'n'sn] cfjZos ljsf; ug{ ;s]g eGg'xf]nf .
olb o:t} vfnsf ts{x¿ tkfO{Fsf x'g\ eg]
To;df lg/fzf ‰lNsG5 . k|hftflGqs
lx;fan] ;d:ofsf] ;fdgf ug]{, h'Wg] / ltgnfO{
k/f:t ug]{ dfu{ canDag ug{ 5f8]/ …hgo'4Ú
df ;fd]n x'g'n] lg/fz dfgl;stfnfO{ g} ;Í]t
u5{ . clg k|Zg p7\g' klg gfhfoh xf]Og–
st} tkfO{Fx¿n] ckgfPsf] lx+;f af6f] klg
lg/fzfsf] kl/0ffd dfq t xf]Og eg]/ <
lx+;fsf] l;4fGtn] …cfˆgf]Ú
/ …csf]{Ú 5'§fpg ;Sb}g .
tkfO{Fsf] bfO{ ;/sf/L sfjf{xLdf dfl/P, / 5f]/f
…ljhoÚ a'afsf] xTofsf] abnf lng
lxF8]sf] 5 . tkfO{Fsf legfh' …ju{
b'ZdgÚ elgP/ sfl6P, tkfO{Fsf] ef~hf k|ltzf]wsf]
df]rf{df …l;kfxLÚ eof] . nf}
eGg'xf];\ t– ca tkfO{Fx¿sf] n8fO{F
s;sf lj?4 s]lGb|t x'gk'Uof] < efO{ /
alxgLsf 5f]/f–5f]/f aLrdf xf]Og / <
Pp6f …hg;]gfÚ ag]sf] 5, csf]{ …zfxL
;]gfÚ, b'j} Ps csf{nfO{ gl;WofO{ g5f8\g]
af6f]df 5g\ . lx+;f, k|ltlx+;fsf] tl:a/ s:tf];Dd
x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] of] eGbf HjnGt pbfx/0f c¿
s] x'g;S5 <
?s'dsf] vf/f 36gfdf …clegfzÚ dfl/P5 .
Psdfq 5f]/f dfl/Pkl5 k'l/;lsPsf] nfz klg vf8naf6
l‰s]/ k|bz{g u/]sf] 36gf ;'g]b]lv cfdf
cfFz'sf] e]ndf 8'Ag'ePsf] 5 . lz/f]R5]bg
ul/Psf] 5f]/fsf] 6fpsf] lbnfO{ lbg]nfO{ a'afn]
…Ps nfvÚ lbg] 3f]if0ff ug'{eof]
/] Û tkfO{Fx¿ cfkm"nfO{
l;:g] / hnhnfsf ;Gtfg eGg'x'G5, 7Ls 5 .
To;df uj{ ug'{xf];\, t/ l;:g] / hnhnfsf] v/fa
cg'ofoL kSs} gaGg'xf];\ . /f]Nkfsf] hnhnfdf
s]xL jif{ cufl8 wfld{s hfqfdf nfvf}F af]sf sfl6Gy]
/ /utsf] s'nf] aUbYof] . st} tkfO{F cGwljZjf;sf]
hudf sfl6g] hnhnfsf] pxL syfnfO{ dfG5]dfly cfhdfpFb}
lxFl8/xg'ePsf] t 5}g < lx+;fk|]dL ;fyLx¿,
To;}n] a]nf c‰} afFsL 5– d[To'kydf
xf]Og, hLjgsf] ;'Gb/ af6f]df kfOnf df]8f}F Û |
ltdLnfO{ nfu]sf] xf]nf
æltdL / ltd|f sd/]8x¿ b]z / hgtfsf nflu
/ut aufO/x]sf 5f} . ;z:q ;ª\3if{af6 g} b]zdf
qmflGt cfpg]5, ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] ult jt{dfgsf] eGbf
s}of}F u'0ff a9L x'g]5 .Æ t/ ltdLn] ;f]r]h:tf]
…qmflGtÚ ;d;fdlos /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o
kl/j]zdf c;Dej 5 . u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfåf/f
b]zdf cfd"n ljsf; u/]sf] dfcf]T;]t'ªsf]
b]z rLg;d]t k|hftflGqs k|0ffnLk|lt pbf/ x'Fb} uO/x]sf]
kl/l:yltdf xfd|f] h:tf] e"kl/j]li7t / lgw{g /fi6«df
hgtfn] tL;f}F jif{;Dd lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqlj?4 ;ª\3if{
/ alnbfg u/]/ k'g:yf{kgf u/]sf]] k|hftGq df;]/ …u0ftGqÚ
Nofpg] ;f]r cb"/bzL{ / nx8L 5}g / < k|hftflGqs
k|0ffnLsf] pbf/tfsf] kmfObf p7fP/ ljleGg cftÍsf/L
lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng u/L k|hftGqs} xTof ug{ vf]Hg' sxfF;Ddsf]
w[i6tf xf] < hgtfnfO{ ;'ljwfk"j{s hLjgofkg
ug{ ;3fpg] nfdf] ;do / w]/} 7"nf] wg/flz vr]{/
lgdf{0f ul/Psf ef}lts k"jf{wf/x? tx;gx; kf/]/
ltd|f] hTyfn] s:tf] qmflGt ug{ vf]h]sf] xf] <
k/z' >]i7, dx]Gb| ax'd'vL SofDk;, w/fg, ;'g;/L
•
æltdLx¿sf]
cftÍn] ubf{ cfh xfdL k|To]s ckl/lrt JolQmsf]
cg'xf/df Pp6f zq' b]V5f}F . ljZjf; eGg] zAbsf]
cy{ u'd]sf] 5 . xfd|f] hLjgdf Pp6f gofF cfofd
ylkPsf] 5– 8/ . xfd|f] :jtGqtf vt/fdf k/]sf]
5, ljrf/wf/f afl‰Psf 5g\ . /L;sf] gzfdf
/ tfstsf] andf ltdLn] s;}sf] a'afnfO{ ?vdf afFw]/
uf]nL xfGbf ltd|f] dg lsg ?Fb}g < kl/jf/af6
vf];]/ 3/s} cfFugdf ltgLx?s} ;fd' ltgsf cfkmGtdfly
v's'/L k|xf/ ubf{ ltd|f] xft lsg sfFKb}g <
Tof] a]nf ltdL cfj]zdf x'G5f}, h] ug'{ lyof] ul/xfN5f} .Æ
lje'ljqmd -7]ufgf gv'n]sf]_
•
ælx+;fsf] af6f]df
lxF8]sf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;f]Wg dg nfU5, sxfF 6'lËG5
of] l;nl;nf, sxfF /f]lsG5 lx+;fsf] >[ª\vnf <
jf:tjdf lx+;f ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf]Og, ;d:ofsf] hggL
xf] . tkfO{Fx¿k|lt xfd|f] ljZjf; vf]6f]
ePsf] 5, xfdL ;+j]bgxLg ePsf 5f}F .Æ
hof zdf{, e'l8s'jf, kj{t
•
ælx+;fsf]
cfuf]n] l;h{gf gi6 u/]kl5 s'g ;Qf xft nfUg] xf] <
;a}sf] ;+xf/ u/]kl5 s;nfO{ xf] …hgtfÚ
eGg] < s] xfd|f] nIo g} dft[e"ldnfO{
/0fe"ld / qmdzM d?e"lddf kl/0ft ug'{ xf] <Æ
xl/nfn kf}8]n, hgtf ljBfkL7, lahf}/L, bfª
•
æ;To
xf]Ù k|hftGqsf] cfudgkl5 hlt cfz ul/Psf] lyof],
Tolt kfOPg . t/, h] xf];\, c;IfdnfO{ x6fP/ ;Ifd
g]tf k7fpg] clwsf/ klg xfdLd} 5 lg Û /fd|f]nfO{
r'Gg g;Sg' xfd|} sdhf]/L xf]Og / < a'´g'kg]{
s'/f s] xf] eg] k|hftGq /lx/x] g xfdLn] c;n JolQm
k7fP/ ;'zf;g lbg] / ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] g]tf /f]Hg ;S5f}F .
k|hftGqdf s;nfO{ 5'6 5}g / hgtfsf ;fd' hfg <
t/, tL hf] cfkm"nfO{ qmflGtsf/L eG5g\ / cftÍsf/L
lqmofsnfk ub{5g\, v} hfg ;s]sf hgtfsf ;fd' <Æ
/fhf/fd bfxfn, ‰'Dsf, ;'g;/L
•
ætkfO{Fx¿n]
hgtfs} enfOsf lglDt o'4 ug'{ePsf] xf] / ;fFRr} g}
b]z ljsf;sf] efjgfaf6 clek|]l/t x'g'x'G5 eg] ;a}nfO{
cfjZos kg]{ ef}lts ;+/rgfx¿ lsg Wj:t kfb}{
x'g'x'G5 < o:tf lqmofsnfkn] s] hgtfsf] d'xf/df
v'zL 5fpnf < s] nIo k|flKtsf nflu xTof, lx+;f,
ckx/0f tyf tf]8kmf]8 afx]s csf]{ pkfo 5}g <Æ
v'u]Gb|/fh sF8]n, u}F8fsf]6–%, gjnk/f;L
•
æ;+;f/df
s'g} klg j:t' cfkm}Fdf k"0f{ 5}g eg] dflg;n]
agfPsf] ;+ljwfg g xf], sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf sltko
q'l6x¿ b]lvP xf]nfg\ . ;a}sf] ;xdltn]
cfjZos ;+zf]wgaf6 ;a} c6\g] lsl;dsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
ug{ xltof/ a'‰fP/ d'nwf/df cfpg] cj;/nfO{ lsg
pkof]u gug]{ <Æ
l;h{gf >]i7, udu8L, d'u'
•
æxfd|f
kL8f / Joyf p:t} 5g\ . km/s olt xf], tkfO{Fx¿
To;sf] ;dfwfg ug{ gfËf] v's'/L / aGb's le/]/
hËn k:g'ePsf] 5, xfdL ufpFzx/d} df}g 5f}F .
dfgf}F s;}n] xfd|f] d'v 6flnlbPsf] xf];\ . ;l6{lkms]6sf]
7]nL xftdf af]s]/ lbge/L rxfbf{ klg s'g} sfd kfpg
;lsFb}g . gftf rflxG5, cfˆgf] dfG5] x'g'k5{
hflu/ vfg . xftdf ePsf] zLk kf]v]/ vfg;Sg] jftfj/0f
5}g . hgzlQm ljb]z knfog eO/x]5 . lsg o:tf]
eO/x]5 < s] xfdL ;a} ldn]/ oL ;d:ofx¿;Fu
h'Wg ;Sb}gf}F < s] tkfO{Fx¿sf] cfF6
/ ;fdYo{df xfd|f] l;h{gzLntf kf]v]/ bl/nf] o'jfzlQmsf]
hdft lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sb}gf}F < s] xfdL sfª\u|];,
Pdfn], dfcf]jfbLeGbf dfly p7]/ s]xL ;dosf] nflu dfq
eP klg g]kfnL aGg ;Sb}gf}+ < sfFwdf sfFw hf]8]/
;d'Ggt ;dfh / ;'b[9 /fi6«sf] lgdf{0fdf ;fd]n
x'g ;Sb}gf}F < ;S5f}F eg] s] 5 afws xfdLaLr <
xfdL cfh}b]lv Pp6f 7f]; lg0f{o u/]/ cufl8 a9f}F .
Oltxf;sf] cf8df eGg ;S5f}F, xfdL Pp6f kl/0ffddf cjZo
k'Ug]5f}F . km]l/ csf]{ @)#^ jf @)$^ cfpg s]
j]/ <Æ
dx]z …lh1f;'Ú kf}8]n, /;fogzf:q,
s]Gb|Lo ljefu, lqlj, sLlt{k'/
•
ætkfO{Fx¿n] rfx]sf] nIo / p2]Zo hgtfsf]
dg lht]/ hgtfdf‰af6 rfF8f] cfpg ;S5 . ;+;bdf
clxn] c¿ klg o:tf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ 5g\,
h;sf] clGtd nIo u0ftGq xf], t}klg ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf]
dfWodaf6 cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ . t/, tkfO{Fx¿n]
g]kfn h:tf] u/La /fi6«df xTof / lx+;f dRrfP/
cfkm"n] rfx]sf] Joj:yfsf] nflu g]kfnLnfO{ g}
sf6]/ g]kfns} ljsf; lgdf{0fnfO{ eTsfP/ ef]ln /fHo;Qfd}
sAhf hdfpg'eof] eg] klg s'g b]zdf a;]/ s;sf nflu zf;g
ug]{ < olb oxL b]zdf zf;g rnfpg' 5 eg] lx+;fsf]
af6f] 5f8]/ hgtfdf‰ cfpg';\, zflGtk"0f{
cfGbf]ng / bafasf nflu xfdL o'jf xftdf xft ldnfpg
tof/ 5f}F .Æ
/fhf/fd lzjfsf]6L …bf]ifLÚ, x]6f}F8f–!
•
æ/fd]
/fhgLlt ug{ dfcf]jfbLdf uof] . Zofd] hflu/ gkfP/
dfcf]jfbLdf uof] . xl/ 3/af6 lbSs eP/ dfcf]jfbLdf
uof] . wL/] Jofkf/ ubf{ub}{ C0fdf r'n'{Dd 8'j]/
dfcf]jfbLdf uof] . jL/] u/LaLsf sf/0fn] dfcf]jfbLdf
uof] . g/] blnt d'lQmsf] nflu dfcf]jfbLdf uof] .
uug] df:6/ lyof], cfkm"n] k9]cg';f/ ;Ddfg gkfP/
/ ufpFufpFdf k9fpg hfg'kg]{ ePsfn] pt} dfcf]jfbL eof] .
kmnfgf] l9:sfgf]x¿ klg aGb's prfNg uP .
t/ h;/L ljb|f]xL eP klg ltgLx¿n] lnPsf] xTof
lx+;fsf] af6f]n] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ xf]Og, ‰g\
hl6n kfl//x]sf] 5 . cGttM zflGtsf] af6f]df gkmls{sg
b]zsf] d'xf/ km]l/Fb}g .Æ
lg/saxfb'/ ;'gf/, gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf–!, b}n]v
•
æeljio
xfd|f] xf] . /fi6«sf jt{dfg gfosx¿
rfF8} g} yfSg]5g\, clg xfdLn] g} /fi6«sf] tdfd
;d:of;Fu ;fdgf ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu a]ˆjfFssf]
xTof / lx+;fsf] ;f6f] xfdLn] 1fg a6'Ng'k5{ .
xfd|f] ljj]snfO{ ;xL dfu{df 8f]¥ofpg'k5{ / b]znfO{
pFef] nufpg cfkm"nfO{ cToGt ;Ifd agfpg'k5{ .Æ
Crf e§/fO{, sLlt{k'/–@, sf7df8f
•
ærLgdf
kfgL yfldPsf] jiff}{F eO;Sof], t/ ltdLx¿ oxfF
5ftf cf]l9/x]sf 5f} . sd;]sd ca Tof] 5ftf aGb
ug'{k5{, h;n] ubf{ :jo+ k'/ftgkGyaf6 u|:t k|r08nfO{
klg dfcf]sf] kfj/ Unf;sf] ;f6f] ;gUnf; nufpg afWo
agfpg] j/k/sf] pi0ftf ltdLx¿nfO{ dx;";
x'g]5 .Æ
tk:jL
Clif, lqlj, sf7df8f}F
•
æof]
;ft jif{df d]/f] dlyª\unn] klg a'‰]sf]
5 ls cfh;Dd ePsf o'4df dfl/g] ltdL / d h:tf g} xf}F
sfn] Û c3fpg]x¿ pu|fO/x]sf x'G5g\, ha
ltgsf] ;l~rt vfgf ;lsG5, ltdL xfdL h:tfnfO{ ltgn]
aGb's le/fpF5g\, xfdL cgfxsdf ltgsf] 9fn aGg k'U5f}F .Æ
/fh]z rflDnª, cfO{P bf];|f] jif{, cf/cf/
SofDk;, sf7df8f}F
•
ældqx¿,
tkfO{Fx¿ cfˆgf] ;f/f s'/fx¿nfO{
lal;{P/ h'g af6f]df lxFl8/xg'ePsf] 5, Tof] af6f]n]
Pslbg tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ o:tf] 7fpFdf k'¥ofpg]
5, To;j]nf tkfO{Fx¿n] kZrftfk ug]{ df}sf klg
kfpg'x'g] 5}g .Æ
ljqmd a:g]t …u'~hgÚ, lr;fkfgL–*,
vf]6fª
•
æa9\b}
uf] lsg å]if, z"Go dg of] ;+j]bgxLg ef] .
5ftL eTet ef], u'Dof] hggLsf] ;f}efUo, zf]ef uof] ..
cf:yf db{5 d[To'df o'jssf] cfFvf ;'s] kL/n] .
h] ef]–ef] ca kms{ P ;ahgf, o} b]zsf] :g]xn] ..
b]jdfof zdf{, zf:qL låtLo jif{, hgtf ljBfkL7,
bfª
•
æ;To xf], kl/jt{gsf] nflu hgtf ;r]t, ;Íl7t
/ hfu?s x'g}k5{ . hgtf tof/ geOsg ul/Psf] s'g}
klg cfGbf]ng ;kmn / kmnbfoL gx'g] dfq x}g vt/fk"0f{
klg x'G5 . cfGbf]ngkl5sf] sfo{lbzf :ki6 / ;zQm
gePsf] s'g} klg /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngn] s]xL lbg g;Sg]
/ pbfx/0ftM ))& / )$^ kl5sf] /fhgLlts kl/l:yltn]
lbO/x]s} 5 . To:t} tL ldqx?sf] cfGbf]ngkl5sf]
of]hgf / sfo{lbzf, h;n] d'n'snfO{ cu|ultdf 8f]¥ofpg
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