xl/z/0f g]kfnL / lgkfn]lG;; r/fx¿

8f= tLy{axfb'/ >]i7

dfG5]sf] sf]nfxn eL8b]lv 5'6\ofP/
zfGt, PsfGtsf] lglDt
dnfO{÷hËndf lnP/ ghfg' dfofn' Û
cr]n zfGt / PsfGt 7fpFd}
dfG5]n] dfG5]sf] lzsf/ u5{g\ .
gq lsg efUb}5g\, r/fx¿
oL zfGt / PsfGt hËn Tofu]/ Û Û

æx]/ g dfofn' r/fx¿ efUb}5g\Æ eGg] slj jL/eb| sfsL{ …9f]nLÚ sf] of] sljtfsf] ;f]‰f] cy{ nufpFbfÙ r/fx¿n] hËnsf] l:ylt / kl/l:ylt a'‰]/ To;nfO{ TofUb5g\ eGg] a'l‰G5 . t/, r/fsf] nflu cg'ko'Qm jftfj/0f dfG5]sf] nflu klg pko'Qm x'Fb}g . To;}n] r/f nf]k x'Fbf xfdL dfG5]x¿ lrlGtt x'g'k5{ . r/fx¿sf] knfog dflg;x¿sf nflu k|nosf] ;Í]t klg x'g;S5 . r/f ;+/If0f lsg ug]{ < To;af6 s] kmfObf x'G5 < ;+/If0f gu/] s] x'G5 eGg] k|Zgx¿ p7fpg' g} ;+/If0fsf] klxnf] kfOnf xf] . o; ;Gbe{df r/f ;+/If0f eGg' xfd|} kl/j]zsf] ;+/If0f xf] . s'g} klg kl/j]zsf] :jf:Yo l:ylt r/fsf] lqmofsnfkdf k|s6 x'G5 . /gagel/ …sfkmn kfSof]Ú eGg] ;'Gg kfpFbf, …sf] xf] < sf] xf] <Ú egL sf]OnLn] jg rxfbf{, …aLp s'lxof]Ú egL csf]{ r/L lrRofpFbf, cyjf sfsfs'nsf] Kof;L cfjfhn] cfsfz lrbf{ xfdL cfˆgf] jftfj/0fdf s] x'Fb}5 eGg] ;Í]t ;lhn};Fu kfpg ;S5f}F . u'Dafsf] w'/Laf6 wf]qf] :j/n] ef]6] sfu s/fpg yfNof] eg] nfdfx¿ jf cfgLx¿ gf}nf dflg; cfP5g\ jf 6'l/i6x¿ cfOk'u]5g\ egL a'´b5g\ . cyf{t\ r/fx¿ xfdL dflg;sf lglDt k|s[ltsf ;Gb]zafxs x'g\ . Pp6f ;Gb]zafxssf] dxŒj slt x'G5 eGg] t xfdL ;a}n] a'‰]s} s'/f xf] .
r/fx¿sf] klg cfˆgf] kl/j]zdf lglZrt sd{ x'G5 . sf]xL r/fx¿ ¿v lj?jfsf k/fu ;]rgdf sfo{/t x'G5g\ eg] sf]xL lah ljt/0fdf . xfd|f] sf}zLdf pd|g] lkknsf aLp r/fn] g} Nofpg] x'g\ . r/fx¿n] clws ePsf sL/f, km6\ofª\u|f / nfe]| sL/fx¿ vfOlbP/ k|s[ltdf ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ klg d2t ub{5g\ . jf:tjdf r/fx¿ xfd|f] jftfj/0fsf] u'0f:t/ gfKg] …Jof/f]ld6/Ú klg x'g\, hf8f] udL{ gfKg] …ydf]{ld6/Ú h:t} .

r/fx¿ cfljisf/sf k|]/0ff x'g;Sg] b[i6fGt jfo'ofgn] g} :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L jfo'ofg ;'/Iffdf …/f8/Ú sf] cfljisf/df r/fn] x}g rd]/f]n] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg xfdLn] la;{g x'Fb}g . Ps} p8fgdf xhf/f}F lsnf]ld6/ to u/]/ Ps dxfåLkaf6 csf]{ dxfåLk rxfg]{ r/fx¿ af/]sf w]/} s'/f c‰} /x:odo 5g\ . j}1flgs cg';Gwfgsf oL k|]/0ffnfO{ xfdLn] ;'/Iff lbg'kb{5 .

r/fx¿ dfgjhfltn] ;[li6 ug{ g;Sg] k|s[ltsf] Ps j/bfg xf] . To;}n] g}lts l;4fGts} cfwf/df klg xfdLn] s;}nfO{ nf]k x'g lbg'x'Fb}g . r/f nf]k x'Fbf To;sf] j+zf0f' ;w}Fsf nflu nf]k x'G5 . cfh ljZjdf ;a}eGbf a9L vkt x'g] r/fdWo] s'v'/f / ltgsf c08f, ltgdf cfwfl/t pBf]u wGbf / Jofkf/ ;d]t ;a} s'/fsf] k|d'v / k|f/lDes cfwf/ xfd|} n'OFr] r/fsf] j+zf0f' xf] . n'OFr] gePsf] eP ;+;f/df st} klg s'v'/f kfng x'Fb}gYof] xf]nf . n'OFr] h:tf cg]sf}F r/fr'?ËL xfdL;Fu c‰} afFsL 5g\ . ltgsf] ;+/If0f ug{ ;s]gf}F eg] eljiosf nflu ltgsf] k|of]u x'g] cj;/ ;w}Fsf nflu, ;a}sf nflu u'Dg] x'G5 . To;}n] ;+/If0fsf] nIo j+z / j+zf0f'sf] ;+/If0f xf] . ;+/If0fsf] k|of; To; d[To'nfO{ /f]Sg' xf] h;n] eljiosf] hGdnfO{ cGTo u5{ . g]kfnL r/fsf] ;+/If0fdf ljz]if rf;f] / lrGtf lng'x'g] r/f ljz]if1 xl/z/0f g]kfnL klg o:t} ljZjf; /fVg'x'G5 .
g]kfnL r/fsf ljifodf uxg cWoog / cg';Gwfg dfq x}g r/f x]/]/ cnf}lss cfgGb k|fKt ug{ rfxg]x¿ klg klxn] xl/z/0f g]kfnLsf] 7]ufgf Plsg u/]/ dfq g]kfn k|j]z ub{5g\ . g]kfnL r/fx¿ sxfF e]l6G5g\, s;/L e]6\g ;lsG5 eGg] cfwf/e"t :ynut oyfy{ pxfFsf] s07e/L 5rNsL a;]sf] x'G5 . olQs} ;f]Wbf klg snsn au]/ cfpF5 . pxfFn] 8fS6/L ug'{ePsf] 5}g, dfi6/L klg ug'{ePsf] x}g . k|s[lt Ps v'Nnf k':tssf] kfgf xf]Ù To;nfO{ k9\g / To;af6 l;Sg ;Sg'k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] HjnGt pbfx/0f g} xl/z/0f g]kfnL xf] .
g]kfnhL;Fusf] ;Ëtn] g} d]/f] b[li6 klg yf]/–ax't r/flt/ lvlrg cfPsf] xf] . d]/f lh1f;f zfGt ub}{ hfg] qmddf ælgkfn]lG;;Æ gfdn] kl/lrt r/fsf af/]df pxfFaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/LnfO{ kf7s ;dIf ;f‰]bf/L ug]{ hdsf]{ u/]sf] 5' .

j}1flgsx¿n] r/fsf] klxrfg sfod ug]{ qmddf ælgkfn]l;G;Æ eGg] ;+1f 7f]lslbPkl5 Tof] r/f g]kfn aflx/ klg ælgkfn]lG;;Æ gfd af]s]/ lkm5{ . ljZjsf Vofltk|fKt Do'lhoddf ltgsf nf;dfly klg ælgkfn]lG;;Æ egL hGt/ ‰'08\ofOlbPsf] x'G5 . of] gfd stfaf6 cfof] t <

efiffsf] leGgtfn] ubf{ Pp6} j:t'sf] w]/} gfd x'g' :jfefljs x'G5 . t/, j}1flgs k|of]hgsf] nflu o;af6 afwf pTkGg x'G5 . xfdLn] sfu jf sf}jfsf af/]df u/]sf] vf]h / cg';Gwfg, cª\u|]hL efiff÷efifLx¿n] æqmf]Æ sf ljifodf / k|mflG;nLn] æsf]/g]O{Æ sf ljifodf / o:t} hd{g, :k]g, rLg, hfkfgdf eP÷u/]sf cWoog÷cg';Gwfg klg ljleGg gfd cGtu{t kg{ uof] eg] j}1flgs If]qdf sfuaf/] u/]sf] ljsf; s'l07G5 . To;}n] j}1flgs k|of]hgsf nflu Nofl6g (Latin) efiffnfO{ dfGotf lbOPsf] 5 . o;} cg'¿k ;a} sfu hfltnfO{ æsf]/e;Æ (Corvus) eGg] dfGotf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . o; cGtu{t ljleGg k|hfltx¿sf] klxrfg x'G5 . xfd|f] 3/ 5]pdf s/fpg] sfunfO{ æsf]/e; :Kn]08]G;Æ (C. splendens) elgG5 eg] hËnlt/sf] sfnf] sfunfO{ æsf]/e; sf]/]S; (c. corex) eGg] gfdfs/0f 5 . k|hflt hgfpg] qmddf ef}uf]lns gfdsf] klg clws k|of]u x'G5 . h:t} æOl08sfÆ, æ;fOg]lG;;Æ -rLg_, æhfkf]lgsfÆ, æaËfn]lG;;Æ cflb cflb . o;} l;nl;nfdf g]kfnsf *%) r/fx¿dWo] !% j6f r/fsf] k|hflt gfd ælgkfn]lG;;Æ egL clÍt ePsf] 5 . pGgfO;f}F ztfAbLsf cGj]ifsx¿ g]kfnnfO{ ælgkfnÆ (Nipal) n]Vg] ub{y] . kmn:j?k g]kfnaf6 kQf nfu]sf s]xL ljz]if r/fx¿nfO{ ælgkfn]lG;;Æ eg]/ j}1flgs gfdfs/0f x'gk'Uof] . t/, oL ;a} r/fsf 7]6 g]kfnL gfd xfdL;Fu klg 5}gg\ . cGo sltko r/fsf] gfd klg xfdL g]kfnLdf eGg ;Sb}gf}F . æg]kfnL r/fx¿Æ gfds k':tsdf -@)#(, g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg_ n}gl;+x afª\b]n / 8f= /f]a6{ Nkm]ldË h'lgo/n] y'k|} g]kfnL gfdx¿ pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ . To;nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ sd;]sd ælgkfn]lG;;Æ gfdwf/L ;a} r/fsf] g]kfnL gfd to ug{ Ps gfdfs/0f ;ldltsf] cfjZostf v6\lsFbf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] ;LdfeGbf aflx/ gkfOg] / lgkfn]lG;; gfd af]s]sf] r/f (Turdoides nipalensis) nfO{ cª\u|]hLdf :kfOgL Aofan/ (Spiny babler) elgG5 . ‰§ x]bf{ eFu]/f h:tf], t/ KjfFvsf] 6'Kkf] Rjf:; 3f]Rg] sfF8f h:tf] ePsf]n] of] r/fnfO{ zflAbs cg'jfbsf] cfwf/df xfdL …sfF8] Eofs'/Ú eGb5f}F . ;fdfGotof 3gf jg gi6 eP/ ‰f8L afFsL ePsf] 7fpFdf of] r/f clws b]lvG5 . of] r/f g]kfn aflx/ kfOPsf] 5}g . t/, o;sf] 7Ls ljk/Lt nfUg] wg]; k|hfltsf] Pp6f r/fsf] k|;Ë /f]rs 5 . o;sf] gfd eg] ælgkfn]lG;;Æ t/ g]kfnleq o;sf] cl:tTj 5}g . jg ljgfzn] of] r/f g]kfnaf6 nf]k eof] . of] ;'Gb/ r/fnfO{ ;g\ !*@( df a|fog x8;gn] a'l;/f]; (Buceros) lgkfn]lG;; egL lj1fg hutdf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf lyP . gfsdfly xf8 hd]/ vfu pd|]sf] x'gfn] xfd|f] u}F8fnfO{ …/fOgf]l;/f];Ú eg]h:t} r'Rrf] dfly ævfuÆ hd]sf] wg]; r/fnfO{ …a'l;/f];Ú elgG5 . jf:tjdf c¿ wg];sf] h:tf] -o;sf]_ r'Rrf]dfly yk x8\8Lsf] y'k|f] hd]sf] x'Fb}g . To;}n] o;nfO{ kl5 uP/ Pl;/f]; (Aceros) cyf{t\ x8\8L of l;Ë ljgfsf] r/f eGg] hftLo ;+1f lbOof] . Nofl6g efiffdf l;/f];sf] cy{ x8\8L x'G5 . k"jL{ g]kfndf of] r/f k|r"/ dfqfdf kfOg] j0f{g jg:kltzf:qL h]=8L= x's/sf] 5 . cfheGbf !%$ jif{ klxn]sf] ofqf ljj/0fdf -;g\ !*$*_ o:tf] pNn]v 5 . æ===gf]e]Da/ ( tf/]vsf lbg Onfdaf6 cf]nfËr'Ë hfg pQ/lt/sf] psfnf] r9\of}F . d‰f}nf vfnsf] psfnf], /d0fLo jgsf] af6f] / jge/L wg]; r/f h;sf] cfsf/–k|sf/ 6"sg r/f (Toucan) ;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] lyof]===Æ hLpeGbf r'Rrf] 7"nf] b]lvg] 6"sg r/f blIf0f cd]l/sfdf Hofb} k|Voft 5 . clt zf]efodfg /+un] ;lhPsf] ljzfn r'Rrf]nfO{ s;/L 6fpsf]n] p7fpFbf] xf] eGg] sf}t'xn k}bf x'G5 Tof] r/fnfO{ b]v]kl5 . h] xf];\ xfd|f] wg];sf] klg r'Rrf] rfgr'g] t lyPg eGg] xfdLn] a'´g'k5{, t/ xfd|f] b'ef{Uo >L # hËaxfb'/sf kfnfdf n]lvPsf] pQm j0f{gkl5 c¿ s;}n] Tof] r/fnfO{ b]v]F eg]/ bfaL ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfn aflx/ l;lSsd, e'6fg, afª\nfb]zsf] r6ufpF kj{tLo If]qdf of] r/f c‰} kfOG5 eGg] r/f ljz]if1x¿sf] dfGotf 5 . e'6fgn] of] r/fnfO{ ;Í6fkGg kª\lQmsf] ;"rLdf r9fO;s]sf] 5 .
;+of]ujz, ut @! c;f/, @)%( sf] …;fKtflxsÚ df æ3/sf] zf]ef hËnL hgfj/Æ zLif{ssf] ;dfrf/df r/fsf tLgj6f ar]/fsf lrq klg ;dfj]z 5g\ . o;f] x]bf{ tL r/f lgkfn]lG;; wg];;Fu ldNg vf]Hb5g\ . 7"nf] r'Rrf], uw{g /fh wg];sf] h:tf] ;]tf] 5}g, r'Rrf]dfly x8\8L hd]sf] klg k|:6 b]lvFb}g . olb oL r/f lgkfn]lG;; wg]; g} x'g\ eg] t'?Gt} ltgsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf] sbd rnfpg >L % dx]Gb| k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if ljz]iftM ;b/ lrl8ofvfgfk|lt cfu|x hgfpFb5' . nf]k ePsf] r/fsf] k'g:yf{kg ug{ o;af6 uxlsnf] km8\sf] dfg{ ;lsG5 . To;f] xf]Og eg] klg, l;lSsd, e'6fg, c;d cflbaf6 of] wg];nfO{ g]kfn leœofOg] k|of; x'g'k5{ .
ca lgkfn]lG;; gfd af]s]/ clk|msf, o'/f]k / Pl;ofe/ km}ng ;kmn c¿ r/fsf] rrf{ u/f}F . o;dWo]sf] Pp6f PlSsnf (Aquila) hfltsf] rLn xf], h;nfO{ :6]k Oun (Steppe Eagle) klg elgG5 . o;sf] cfFvfsf] gfgL uf9f v}/f] /+usf] x'G5, kx]+Fnf] x'Fb}g . cfsfzdf sfjf vfFbf o;sf b'O{ kFv]6f $–% km'6eGbf klg a9L km}lnPsf x'G5g\ . o:t} csf]{ Pp6f h'/]jfh klg sflZd/b]lv l;lSsd / dn]l;of;Dd e]l6G5 . l:klh6; (Spizaetus) lgkfn]lG;; gfdsf] of] jfhsf] 6fpsf]df h'/f] p7]sf] sNsL x'G5 . p8]sf] cj:yfdf of] sNsL b]lvFb}g t/ a;]sf] cj:yfdf eg] of] k|:6} b]lvG5 .

s'g} lgkfn]lG;; r/fx¿ eg] lxdfno If]qleq sflZd/, u9jfnb]lv e'6fg / c?0ff~rn k|b]z;Dd dfq ;Lldt 5g\ . tLdWo] slxn]sfxLF cfsf;el/ 5tf5'Nn b]lvg] ;–;fgf uf}FynLsf] g]kfn xfp; dfl6{g k|;Ë p7fpg' plrt x'G5 . xfd|f] 3/3/df af; a:g] uf}FynLeGbf of] cln ;fgf] x'G5 / k'R5/ lrl/P/ df5fk'R5«]h:tf] ¿k wf/0f u/]sf] x'Fb}g . k'R5/ 7'6f] k/]sf] x'G5 . k]6 klg c¿ uf}FynLsf] h:tf] ;]tf] x}g ls sfn} x'G5 . o;nfO{ j}1flgsx¿n] l8lnrf]g (Dilichon) hfltleq ;dfj]z u/]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf b'n{e kG5Ldf x'lrnnfO{ la;{g x'Fb}g . sf7df8f}Fsf] ahf/df slxn]sfxLF a]Rg Nofpg] x'lrn æaËfn]lG;;Æ x'lrn xf] . o:t} csf]{ ælgkfn]lG;;Æ x'lrn klg x'G5 t/ of] r/f Hofb} b'n{e 5 . o;sf] 6fpsf]df afv|fsf l;+u ‰}F b'O{af6 h'/f] p7]sf] x'G5 . To;sf cltl/Qm o;sf] 5ftL / k]6df cª\u|]hL eL (V) cfsf/sf a'§fx¿ e]l6G5g\ . o; kG5LnfO{ a'af] (Bubo) lgkfn]lG;; elgG5 . 3gf hËn ePg eg] Tof] ToxfF a:g ;Qm}g, zfGt / PsfGt hËn ePg eg] o:tf r/fx¿ efu]/ hfG5g\, nf]k eP/ hfG5g\ .

o;k|sf/ lgkfn]lG;; r/fx¿dWo] sf]xL g]kfnaflx/ kfOFb}gg\, sf]xL g]kfnleq} kfOFb}gg\, sf]xL clk|msf, o'/f]k rxf5{g\, sf]xL lxdfno If]qleq dfq cfˆgf] ;Ldf afFW5g\ . sf]xL nf]k eP/ uP / sf]xL nf]k x'g] qmddf 5g\ . lgkfn]lG;; gfd afxs clwsf+z r/fsf] g]kfnL gfd klg 5}g / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;+/lIft kG5Lsf] kª\lQmleq klg kb}{gg\ . lognfO{ s;n] ;+/If0f b]nf, s;n] ;Da4{g unf{ egL xl/z/0f g]kfnLn] dfq x}g xfdL ;a} g]kfnLn] lrGtf ug'{kg]{ ljifo ag]sf] 5 / 9f]nLhLsf] ;Gb]z ;a} 3/cfFugdf k'¥ofpg' k/]sf] 5 . nueu #@ j6f r/fx¿ g]kfnaf6 efu]/ uO;s]sf 5g\, nf]k eO;s]sf 5g\ . ljZjaf6} nf]k eO;s]sf] eP sd;]sd g]kfnsf] uf}/j a9fpg clen]v /fvf}F / g]kfn aflx/ cGoq kfOG5g\ eg] ltgsf] k'g:yf{kgfdf ;lqmo agf}F . To;sf] yfngL lgkfn]lG;g wg];af6} lsg z'? gug]{ <