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cf}iflw pBf]usf ;Defjgf
ahf/ 5,Joj:yf 5}g
g]kfnsf] ?= ^ ca{sf] cf}iflw ahf/ jif]{lg
!% k|ltztn] a9\g] u/]sf] 5 . of] ahf/sf] Ps rf}yfO
c+z g]kfnL pTkfbgn] cf]u6\g] u/]sf] 5 eg] afFsL ahf/sf]
*% k|ltzt lx:;f ef/taf6 cfoft x'g] cf}iflwn] lnO/x]sf] 5 .
o;af6 :ki6 x'G5, g]kfndf cf}iflw pBf]usf] ;Defjgf k|r"/
5 . t/ c:ki6 ;/sf/L gLlt, sdhf]/ lgu/fgL k|0ffnL, c:j:y
k|lt:kwf{ tyf :t/xLg cf}iflwsf] clgolGqt / cj}w k}7f/L h:tf
b'n{ª\£o r'gf}tLx¿n] ;DefJo nufgLstf{
Pj+ pBdLnfO{ 6f9} /fv]sf] 5 .
ls/0f g]kfn
s]xL jif{ otf g]kfnL sDkgLx¿åf/f
pTkflbt k]glsn/, Pdf]lS;l;lng PlG6afof]l6s / le6fldg aL–sDKn]S;
h:tf cf}iflwn] g]kfnL ahf/sf] ‰08} tLg rf}yfO lx:;f
cf]u6\g ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . sltko pTkfbsx¿ o;sf]
>]o gofF k':tfsf 8fS6/x¿nfO{ lbG5g\ . b]p/fnL–hgtf,
g]kfn kmdf{:o'l6sN;\, Plzog, l;Dsf, cf]lDgsf h:tf g]kfnL
cf}iflw sDkgLsf pTkfbgdf g]kfnL 8fS6/x¿sf] ljZjf;
lgs} al9;s]sf] 5 .
clxn] g]kfndf ?=$) nfvb]lv ?=@) s/f]8;Dd nufgL ePsf cf}iflw
pBf]ux¿ ;~rfngdf 5g\ . s/La ?=$ ca{ nufgL eO;s]sf]
o; If]qsf pBf]un] kfFr xhf/eGbf a9LnfO{ k|ToIf / !% b]lv
@) xhf/nfO{ ck|ToIf /f]huf/L lbPsf 5g\ . Joj;foLx¿
eG5g\, ?=!) s/f]8sf] nufgLdf @%–#) j6f cf}iflw dfq}
pTkfbg ug]{ xf] eg] klg kfFr jif{df nufgL c;'n u/]/ gfkmf
sdfpg ;lsG5 . kmdf{:o'l6sN;\ pBf]usf] k|ltkmn b/ ;f9]
tLgb]lv rf/ k|ltzt 5, s'zn Joj:yfkgdf of] b/ ;f9] kfFrb]lv
5 k|ltzt;Dd pSng ;S5 .
l;k|f]n]
lrtjgdf sfd u/]g
Ps jif{cl3 d'l:nd cltjfbLx¿af6 ePsf] elgPsf]
PGy|fS; gfds h}ljs cfqmd0faf6 lj/fdL ePsf cd]l/sLx¿nfO{
ToxfFsf lrlsT;sx¿n] l;k|f]ˆnf]S;fl;g gfds
Pl06afof]l6s cf}iflw lbPsf lyP . l;Ëf] cd]l/sfel/
hd{g …sf]nfaf]/]zgÚsf] jfo/ sDkgLn] dfq}
pTkfbg ug]{ of] cf}iflw g]kfnsf 8]9 bh{g sDkgLn] pTkfbg
u5{g\ . pTkfbg k|lqmof lgs} hl6n dflgPsf] of] cf}iflw
g]kfnsf ;fdfGo cf}iflw sDkgLn] klg lgdf{0f ug]{ cg'dlt
kfPsf 5g\ . g]kfn kmdf{:o'l6sN;\sf k|aGw lgb]{zs
dx]Gb|axfb'/ cdfTo eG5g\, æy'k|} sDkgLn] l;k|f]
pTkfbg u/] klg ltgsf cf}iflwx¿ Ps csf{df Dofr
ub}{gg\ .Æ
AofS6]l/ofsf] OGkm]S;gdf k|of]u x'g] PlDkl;lng, Pdf]lS;l;lng
jf Snf]S;fl;lng h:tf cf}iflwx¿ pTkfbg x'g] k"/}
ejgd} c¿ cf}iflw agfpg kfOFb}g . t/ xfd|f
sltko sDkgLx¿ Pp6} sf]7fdf ljleGg cf}iflwx¿sf]
pTkfbg ;d]t u5{g\ . ljutdf 6fOkmfO8sf nflu l/km/
x'g] u/]sf] Snf]/f]km]lgsf]n cf}iflwsf] w]/} ;fO8 Okm]S6x¿
b]lvPkl5 g]kfnL 8fS6/x¿n] Jofks ¿kdf n]Vg]
u/]sf l;k|f]ˆnf]S;fl;gn] xfn} lrtjgdf km}lnPsf]
6fOkmfO8sf] dxfdf/Ldf sfd u/]g . lrlsT;sx¿sf]
egfOdf of t clxn] ahf/df /x]sf l;k|f] sd u'0f:t/sf 5g\,
of 6fOkmfO8sf hLjf0f'n] of] cf}iflwnfO{ …/]l;:6Ú
ul/;s] . n
|
clwsf+z cf}iflw pBf]ux¿
%) k|ltzt Ifdtfdf dfq rln/x]sf 5g\ . cf}iflw Joj:yf
ljefudf btf{ ePsf #% cf}iflw pBf]ux¿dWo] @^ j6f dfq
rfn' xfntdf 5g\ . ut b'O{ jif{ otf, d}qL kmdf{ / P;
Nofaf]/]6/L nufot rf/ j6f cf}iflw pBf]u aGb ePsf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf] klxnf] cf}iflw pBf]u s]dL 8«u / ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf]
zfxL cf}iflw lnld6]8sf] ljQLo cj:yf Tolt ;Gtf]ifhgs 5}g .
?=^ ca{sf] sf/f]af/ Pnf]Koflys cf}iflwx¿sf] dfq xf] .
To;afx]s g]kfndf 8]9 ;oeGbf a9L ef/tLo sDkgLx¿n]
jif{sf] ‰08} ?=! ca{sf] cfo'j]{lbs cf}iflwx¿
leœofpF5g\ . cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefu / eG;f/ ljefusf]
tYofÍ cg';f/ cfo'j]{lbs cf}iflwx¿sf] cfoft
jflif{s @% k|ltztn] j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . ;fO8 Okm]S6 sd
x'g] ljZjf; / gofF–gofF cf}iflwx¿sf] ljsf;n]
cfo'j]{lbs cf}iflwx¿sf] pkef]u lgs} a9]sf] 5 .
ljb]zdf klg cfo'j]{lbs cf}iflwx¿sf] lgsf;L a9]sf]
5 . To;}n] ahf/sf] b[li6n] cfo'j]{lbs cf}iflwx¿sf]
eljio klg pHHjn b]lvPsf] 5 . k'/fgf] l;+xb/af/ j}Bvfgfsf
cltl/Qm gofF–gofF cfo'j]{lbs cf}iflw pBf]ux¿
cfpg', ljb]zL / ;+o'Qm nufgLsf pBf]ux¿ ;d]t v'Ng'n]
klg oxL ;Í]t ub{5 .
t/ cfo'j]{lbs cf}iflwx¿sf] pTkfbgdf klg c¿df
‰}F g} :jb]zL pTkfbsx¿sf] l:ylt Tolt ;Gtf]ifhgs
5}g . jflif{s ?=@ s/f]8 %) nfvsf] cf}iflw pTkfbg ug]{
l;+xb/af/ j}Bvfgfn] /fli6«o vktsf] tLg k|ltzt dfq
cf]u6]sf] 5 . oxL pTkfbgsf] nflu klg &)–*)
k|ltzt sRrf kbfy{ ef/taf6} Nofpg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . :jb]zL
cfo'j]{lbs cf}iflw pTkfbsx¿n] g]kfnd} pknAw hl8a'6Lx¿sf]
k"0f{ pkof]u / :jb]zd} v]tL ug{ ;lsg] hl8a'6Lx¿sf]
ljsf; ug]{lt/ Tolt Wofg lbPsf klg b]lvFb}g .
sldzg
/ ef8fsf] rSs/
;Defjgf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg g]kfnL cf}iflw pBf]ux¿n] ck]lIft
pGglt ug{ g;Sg'df c:j:y k|lt:kwf{nfO{ Pp6f k|d'v sf/0f dflgG5 .
v'b|f tyf yf]s cf}iflw Joj;foL ;+3n] pTkfbsx¿;Fu
!^ k|ltzt laqmL sldzg dfUg] u/]sf] 5 . t/ c:j:y k|lt:kwf{n]
ubf{ laqm]tfsf] sld;g @)) k|ltzt;Dd k'U5 . ef/tLo pTkfbs
PldSof]/ n] cf]ldk|fhf]n ;d"xsf] Pp6f hf];]s cf}iflw
v/Lb ug]{ cf}iflw k;nnfO{ b'O{ j6f l;Q}Fdf lbg] …afO
jg, u]6 y|LÚ of]hgf rnfPsf] 5 . hals g]kfn kmdf{:o"l6sN;\n]
pTkfbg u/]sf] o;} ;d"xsf] cf]lgh cf}iflwdf !^ k|ltzt
dfq} sldzg 5 . ef/tLo sDkgL nfs{n] 6fOkmfO8sf] cf}iflw
l;k|f]ˆnf]S;fl;g df %) b]lv !)) k|ltzt sldzg /fv]sf]
5 .
ef/tLo cf}iflw pBf]u / Joj;foLx¿sf] k|efj lrlsT;s
/ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿df klg Jofks 5 . d]l8sn cfrf/;+lxtf
cg';f/ lrlsT;sn] cf}iflwsf] …a|f08Ú of Jofkfl/s
gfd gn]vL …h]gl/sÚ of j}1flgs gfd n]Vg'k5{ .
t/ g]kfnsf lrlsT;sx¿ k|foM Jofkfl/s gfd g} n]V5g\–
h:t}, Pdf]lS;l;lng sf] ;f6f] jfO{df]S; . pgLx¿sf]
egfOdf h]g]l/s gfd dfq} n]Vbf cf}iflw k;n]n] a9L sldzg ePsf]
sd u'0f:t/sf] cf}iflw le8fpg] x'gfn] afWo eP/ cfkm"n]
kTofPsf] sDkgLsf] cf}iflwsf] gfd n]Vg' k/]sf] xf] .
o;df g]zgn 8]06n xl:k6nsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs 8f= ;'zLn sf]O/fnf
eG5g\, æsltko 8fS6/x¿n] of] afWotfsf] cg'lrt
kmfObf klg lnPsf 5g\ . xfdLn] bfFt b'v]sf] lj/fdLnfO{
g"gkfgLn] s'Nnf ug{' egL lbPsf] ;Nnfxn] k;n]sf] …dfpyjf;Ú
sf] laqmLdf c;/ kf5{ .Æ
g]kfn
kmdf{:o'l6sN;\ |
| !%)
eGbf a9L cf}iflwx¿ pTkfbg ug]{ g]kfn kmdf{:o'l6sN;\n]
tLg n6 cf}iflw ef/t lgof{t u/]sf] 5 . o;n] 6sL{df
e"sDksf] a]nf cf}iflw k7fP/ ;xof]u klg u/]sf] lyof] . |
b]p/fnL
hgtf kmdf{:o'l6sN;\ |
| 6\ofAn]6,
SofK;'n / ‰f]n ltg} lsl;dsf cf}iflw pTkfbg ug]{
b]p/fnL hgtf cfˆgf Pl06afof]l6s cf}iflwdf uj{ u5{ .
xfn} dfq o;n] ysfO d]6fpg] Pl06clS;8]06 cf}iflw …s]o/
PhÚ pTkfbg u/]sf] 5 . |
cf]lDgsf
kmdf{:o'l6sN;\ |
| !$
j6f cf}iflw pTkfbg ul//x]sf] cf]lDgsf Uofli6s nufot
k]6 jl/kl/sf] b'vfO{ :kf:d]l8s k]gdf k|of]u x'g] …Xof]:kfgÚ
k]glsn/df uj{ ub{5 . |
x'sd
kmdf{:o'l6sN;\ |
| ax'/fli6«o
sDkgL …x]S:6Ú kms]{kl5 b'u8 ;d"xåf/f
x'sd kmdf{:o'l6sN;\sf] gfddf ;~rflnt of] pBf]un] $$
yl/ cf}iflwx¿ pTkfbg ub{5 . |
;f‰f
:jf:Yo ;]jf |
| ;f‰fn]
d'n'ssf !$ zx/df /x]sf @% j6f zfvf / v'b|f k;nx¿af6
cf}iflw laqmL ljt/0f ub{5 . ;xL / u'0f:t/Lo cf}iflw
kfOg] k;nsf ¿kdf lrlgPsf] ;f‰fn] ;/sf/L
c:ktfn / :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿df Go"gtd ;]jf z'Ns
dfq lnP/ cf}iflw cfk"lt{ ub{5 . ;f‰fn]
g]kfn, ef/t, dn]lzof, a]nfotsf $! sDkgLsf cf}iflwx¿
pknAw u/fpF5 . |
uf]vf{
cfo'j]{b sDkgL |
| g]kfnL
pBdLx¿ / k|mfG;]nL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf O06/g]zgn
;]06/ km/ 8]enkk]06 P08 l/;r{ sf] ;+o'Qm nufgL /x]sf]
of] sDkgLn] x]kf6fOl6;, kfON;, kvfnf, sdhf]/L, a|f]GsfOl6;sf
;fy} ljleGg zlQma4{s cfo'j]{lbs cf}iflwx¿sf]
pTkfbg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;n] k|fs[lts hl8a'6Lx¿af6
agfPsf] …u'8'rLÚ lrof k|mfG;, hd{gL, O6fnL,
:jL8]g, r]s l/klAns / ci6«]lnofsf pkef]Qmfx¿aLr
nf]slk|o ag]sf] 5 . |
Plzog
kmdf{:o'l6sN;\ |
| Plzog
kmdf{:o'l6sN;\n] bh{gf}F Pl06afof]l6s, k]glsn/, dNxdsf
;fy} dfgl;s, SofG;/ h:tf /f]usf cf}iflwx¿sf]
pTkfbg u/]sf] 5 . |
lgnd
d]l8l;g O08i6«Lh |
| rLgsf]
SjLª3fO{ 8f8L g]r'/n d]l8l;g sDkgL / g]kfnsf pBdLx¿sf]
;+o'Qm nufgLdf :yflkt lgnd d]l8l;g O08i6«Lhn]
lduf}{nf / sn]hf]df ;'wf/ ug]{ …?afa{ x]Ny uf8{Ú
tyf vf]sLsf] cf}iflw …lgn skmÚ pTkfbg u/]sf]
5 . sn]hf] / lduf}{nfsf] /f]u, dw'd]x, Uofli6s
/ ?3fsf nflu lr/ftf, 8foas]o/, ¥o'dflgn, Uofi6«f]s]o/
/ lgnd afd pTkfbg ub}{5 . |
olt
s]d l8li6«Ao'6/ |
| :jL6h/Nof08sf]
Pkm xf]kmDofg–nf /f];], g]efl6{;, sf]l/ofsf] aLcf/
afof]6]s, k|mfG;sf] Pe]lG6; k]:tf], afFUnfb]zsf] h];g
tyf ef/tsf] Pe]lG6;, 8fa/, lgof]g, l;Knf / ;fGyf afof]6]lSgS;\
h:tf :yflkt sDkgLsf cf}iflwx¿sf] ljt/s olt s]d
l8li6«Ao'6/n] SofG;/ tyf PrcfO{eL h:tf k|f0f3fts
/f]u lj?4 PlG6/]6«f]efO/n cf}iflwx¿ ;d]t
laqmL ljt/0f ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . |
lxdfn
xa{n k|f]8S6 |
| g]kfn
/ ef/tdf Jofks hl08; tyf lkgf;sf cf}iflwx¿sf]
pTkfbgdf k|fyldstf lbPsf] lxdfn xa{nn] hl08;sf nflu
hf}l08Sofl6«g tyf lkgf;sf nflu lkgfl;g cf}iflw
pTkfbg u/]sf] 5 . |
| |
lrlsT;sx¿sf ;Dd]ng,
c:ktfn / gl;{Ë xf]dsf jflif{sf]T;j h:tf dxËf sfo{qmdx¿
k|fof]hg ug'{ t cf}iflw Joj;foLx¿sf] lgoldt sfo{d}
k5{ . o;afx]s lrlsT;sx¿sf lghL lSnlgs / cf}iflw
k;n ;~rfng tyf JolQmut kf6L{ / l8g/x¿sf] cfof]hgfdf
klg ;xof]u u5{g\ . oL ;a} ;xof]usf] abnf lrlsT;sx¿n]
pgLx¿n] pTkfbg / laqmL ljt/0f ug]{ cf}iflw n]lvlbP/
r'sfpg'kb{5 .
ef8fsf] v]n a]Un} x'G5 . lzIf0f c:ktfn xftfdf yflkPsf]
lghL cf}iflw k;nn] dlxgfsf] ;f9] tLg nfv;Dd ef8f lt5{ .
Pp6f k;naf6 dlxgfsf] 8]9nfveGbf a9L c;'N5 jL/ c:ktfnn] .
Pp6f ;6/ ef8fdf lnP/ a;]sf] cf}iflw k;n];Fu dlxgfsf] ?=^)
xhf/ lnG5 d]l8s]o/n] . o:tf pbfx/0fx¿ w]/} lbg
;lsG5 . dxËf] ef8f ltg'{kg]{ ePkl5 sld;g w]/}
cfpg] cf}iflw a]r]g eg] k;nx¿ rNg} g;Sg] k;n]x¿sf]
u'gf;f] 5 . ?=%$ xhf/df k"/} tLgtn] 3/ ef8fdf
lnP/ a;]sf] nflhDkf6sf] g]zgn 8]06n xl:k6nsf] @& ju{lkm6sf]
;6/df cf}iflw k;n vf]Ng rfxg] Pp6f k;n] dlxgfsf] ?=@&
xhf/ ef8f lbg cfof] . xl:k6nsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs 8f=sf]O/fnf
eG5g\, æsldzg w]/} ePsf cf}iflw laqmL ug{ gkfOg] zt{
/fv]kl5 pm cfPg / ?=!( xhf/ lbP/ csf]{ JolQm cfof] .
t/ kl5 p;n] klg rnfpg g;s]/ clxn] kfFr xhf/df a;]sf] 5 .Æ
;/sf/ klg ;:t} vf]H5
lhNnfsf ;/sf/L c:ktfnx¿df k7fOg] cf}iflw …;:tf]Ú
df v/Lb ug]{ :jf:Yo dGqfnosf] gLltn] klg c:j:y k|lt:kwf{nfO{
g} a9fjf lbPsf] 5 . tLg jif{cl3 :jf:Yo dGqfnon] ;f9]
kfFr s/f]8 6\ofAn]6 dfu u/]sf] Pp6f Pl06afof]l6s cf}iflwsf]
6]08/ Ps 6\ofAn]6sf] $@ k};f d"No pNn]v ug]{ sDkgLn]
kfPsf] lyof] . ^$ k};feGbf sddf s;}u/L pTkfbg ug{ g;lsg]
bfaL ub}{ Ps cf}iflw pTkfbs eG5g\, æa|f08 nf]slk|o
x'g] nf]e / w]/} pTkfbgn] nfut 36fpg] cf;df xfdLn] klg ^@
k};f /fv]/ 6]08/ xfn]sf lyof}F, t/ crDd, p:t} cj:yfdf pTkfbg
ug]{ b'O{ sDkgLsf] d"Nodf @) k};f km/s k¥of] ÛÆ
cfkm"n] slxNo} ;/sf/L 6]08/ gkfPsf] atfpFb} g]kfn kmdf{:o'l6sN;\sf
k|aGw lgb]{zs dx]Gb|axfb'/ cdfTo eG5g\, æPs k6s xfn]sf
lyof}F . sltkon] lgs} sd sf]6 ubf{ /x]5g\, h'g d"Nodf
Tof] cf}iflw pTkfbg ug{ ;Dej g} x'Fb}g .Æ
s]xL jif{ cl3;Dd ;/sf/L v/Lbdf zfxL cf}iflw lnld6]8sf] dfq}
af]nafnf x'g] ub{Yof] eg] v'nf ahf/sf] gLlt cfPkl5 lghL
If]qn] klg k|j]z kfof] . z'? z'?df o;sf] kmfObf sd
pTkfbg nfut ePsf ef/tLo sDkgLx¿n] p7fP, t/ s]xL ;docl3
dfq} dGqfnon] …ljb]zL pTkfbssf] t'ngfdf !) k|ltzt;Dd
dxFuf] eP klg g]kfnL sDkgLs} cf}iflw lsGg]Ú gLlt
lnPkl5 :yfgLo pTkfbsx¿sf] k|j]z ;lhnf] ag]sf] 5 .
hd{g ;+:yf s]Pkm8An'sf] cg'bfgdf x'g] of] v/Lbdf clxn] ‰08}
(% k|ltzt g]kfnL cf}iflw g} kg]{ u/]sf] 5 .
t/ jif{sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] Psd'i7 Jofkf/sf] ¿kdf
lrlgg] of] ;/sf/L v/Lbdf 6]08/ xft kfg{ c:j:y k|lt:kwf{
z'? ePsf] 5 . sd d"No sf]6 ug{s} nflu cf}iflwsf]
u'0f:t/df ;d]t ;D‰f}tf ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . s]xL
;docl3 /fhwfgLdf ;DkGg cf}iflw pTkfbs ;+3sf] Pp6f sfo{qmddf
cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefusf Ps clwsf/Ln] v'n]/} eg]sf lyP, æg]kfnL
sDkgLx¿n] ;/sf/nfO{ cfk"lt{ ug]{ cf}iflwdWo]
;/b/ @% k|ltzt gSsnL x'g] u/]sf] 5 .Æ :jf:Yo
dGqfnosf] Ps pRr ;|f]tn] g]zgn x]Nys]o/, So'/]S;, x'sd tyf
la/f6 kmdf{:o'l6sN;\sf sltko cf}iflwx¿ Go"g
u'0f:t/sf ePsf] atfPsf] 5 . pQm ;|f]tsf cg';f/, x'sd
kmdf{:o'l6sN;\sf] kvfnf nfUbf kfgLdf 3f]n]/ vfg] k'gh{nLo
cf}iflw w'nf] geP/ l9Ssfsf] ¿kdf lyof] eg] lj/f6
kmdf{:o'l6sN;\sf] Pp6f 6\ofAn]6 rflxF kL7f] h:t} w'nf] lyof] .
u'0f:t/df zÍf
5
s]xL g]kfnL cf}iflwx¿ nf]slk|o x'Fb} uP klg dfgl;s,
xfOk/6]G;g, dw'd]x, d'6' ;DaGwL /f]ux¿df nfdf] ;do;Dd
vfg'kg]{ cf}iflwx¿df lrlsT;sx¿n] g]kfnL pTkfbg
Tolt n]Vg] u/]sf 5}gg\ . :jo+ pTkfbsx¿ klg :jLsf/
u5{g\, sltko pBf]ux¿sf] pTkfbg k|lqmof ;Gtf]ifhgs
5}g . cf]lDgsf Nofaf]/]6f]l/hsf k|aGw lgb]{zs dx]z
k|wfg :jLsf/ u5{g\, æclwsf+z pBf]ux¿sf] pTkfbg
k|lqmof x]g]{ xf] eg] ;/sf/n] t'?Gt} aGb ug'{kg]{ l:ylt
5 .Æ
g]kfndf aGg] cf}iflwx¿sf] sRrf kbfy{ k|fo u/]/ hd{gL,
:jL6\h/Nof08, cd]l/sf, cf]dfg, :k]g, l;Ëfk'/, Sofgf8f,
ef/t cflb d'n'sx¿af6 cfpF5g\ . rLgsf] sRrf kbfy{
pRr u'0f:t/sf] x'g] u/] klg pTkfbs sDkgLx¿n] ;fgf]
kl/df0fdf cfk"lt{ gug]{ ePsfn] ToxfFaf6 sRrf kbfy{
cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . sltkon] lrgLof eg]/ xËsËaf6
sRrf kbfy{ cfoft ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
ljZj :jf:Yo ;+3n] cf}iflw pTkfbs sDkgLx¿sf nflu Ps
lgb]{lzsf hf/L u/]sf] 5 . u'8 Dofg'ˆofSrl/Ë
k|8S6 -lhPdkL_ elgg] of] lgb]{lzsfn] bIf sfdbf/, s'zn 8s'd]06]zg,
;kmf / lrNnf] leQf ePsf] pTkfbg sIf ;fy} pTkfbgsf x/]s k|lqmofsf]
kfngfsf nflu lglZrt dfkb08x¿ lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 .
of] dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf cf}iflw pBf]usf pTkfbgx¿
ljZj ahf/df ;lhn} k|j]z kfpg ;S5g\ . cf}iflw Joj:yf
ljefun] g]kfnL cf}iflw sDkgLx¿n] klg ;g\ @))@ sf]
cGt;Dddf ljZj :jf:Yo ;+3af6 u'8 Dofg'ˆofSrl/Ë
k|8S6 -lhPdkL_ sf] k|df0fkq lnO;Sg'kg{] lgb]{zg hf/L u/]sf]
5 . t/ clxn];Dd s'g} klg g]kfnL pBf]un] ;f] k|df0fkq
lnPsf 5}gg\ . xfn} ljZj :jf:Yo ;+3n] u/]sf] pBf]ux¿sf]
lg/LIf0fsf] qmddf rf/ j6f g]kfnL sDkgL dfq lhPdkL k|df0fkq
kfpg ;Sg] cj:yfdf b]lvPsf 5g\ . cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefusf]
kl5Nnf] tYofÍ cg';f/, clxn] ljefudf g]kfnL / ljb]zL
u/L @&* cf}iflw pBf]usf ^))) lsl;dsf cf}iflw btf{ ePsf
5g\ . oLdWo] g]kfnL cf}iflwsf] ;ª\Vof @!)) 5 .
hLPdkL k|df0fkq clgjfo{ ul/g' cl3;Dd ef/t nufot cGo d'n'sx¿af6
!!)) pBf]usf cf}iflw g]kfn cfpFy] .
cfwf
cf}iflw u'0f:t/xLg <
cf}iflw a]Rg cf}iflw lj1fg -kmfd]{;L_ df :gfts -aLkmfd_
u/]sf] JolQmn] dfq} kfpg] ljZjJofkL dfGotf 5 . t/ g]kfndf
aLkmfd u/]sf JolQm cToGt} sd ePsfn] clw/fHosf ‰08}
@) xhf/ cf}iflw k;ndWo] clwsf+zdf ljefusf] tLg xKt] tflnd
lnPsfx¿n] cf}iflw a]R5g\ . tLg jif{b]lv oxL
tflnd klg aGb ePsf] 5 . o'lg;]kmn] cfˆgf] ;xof]udf
;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] tflndsf] kfFr jif{cl3 u/]sf] k|efjsfl/tf
cWoogaf6 lj/fdLsf] xftdf ;xL cf}iflw gk'u]sf] tYo kQf nfu]kl5
;xof]u /f]s]sf] lyof] . To;kl5 ljefun] k|lzIffyL{x¿af6
k};f c;'n]/ b'O{ jif{;Dd tflndnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof], t/ kl5
bftfx¿sf] Jofks bafaaf6 Tof] klg aGb eof] .
kmfd]{;Ldf k|df0fkqtx -cfOkmfd_ sf] cWofkg lqe'jg ljZjljBfno,
dxf/fhu+h SofDk;df / ljkmfd sf] cWofkg sf7df8f}F tyf kf]v/f
ljZjljBfno cGtu{tsf s]xL SofDk;x¿df x'G5 . t/
cJofjxfl/s egf{ k|lqmof tyf ;Lldt SofDk;df x'g] k9fOn] cfjZos
kl/df0fdf hgzlQm pTkfbg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . jflif{s !%
hgf egf{ lnOg] cfOkmfd k9\g cfO{P:;L kf; ePsf] x'g'k5{ .
cGo ljifodf P;Pn;Laf6 k9\g kfOg], t/ cfOkmfd ug{ cfO{P:;L
kf; ug{}kg{] clgjfo{tfn] ubf{ of] k9fO Tolt nf]slk|o x'g
g;s]sf] ljz]if1x¿ atfpF5g\ . cf}iflw Joj:yf
ljefun] P;Pn;L kf; ug{]nfO{ k|j]z lbnfpg / sf7df8f}F ljZjljBfno,
l;l6Ole6L tyf jLkL sf]O/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fgdf klg
cfOkmfd sf] cWofkg z'? u/fpg k|of; ug{] ;f]rfO agfPsf] 5 .
;d:of lg/LIf0f tyf cg'udgdf klg 5 . pBf]ux¿n]
;xL ¿kdf cf}iflw pTkfbg u/]÷gu/]sf] / k;nx¿af6
u'0f:t/Lo cf}iflw dfq laqmL eP÷gePsf] lg/LIf0f tyf
cg'udg ug{ cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefu;Fu hDdfhDdL cf7 hgf …8«u
OG:k]S6/Ú 5g\ . sf7df8f}Fdf tLg, jL/u~hdf tLg,
lj/f6gu/ / g]kfnu~hdf Ps–Pssf] ;ª\Vofdf sfo{/t
oL cf}iflw lg/LIfsx¿n] jif{sf] b'O{k6s pBf]ux¿sf]
/ c¿ a]nf cf}iflw k;nx¿sf] lg/LIf0f u5{g\ .
a9L cf}iflw k;n ePsf ;LdfjtL{ zx/x¿df Go"g u'0f:t/sf
cf}iflwsf] laulauL x'g] ePsfn] cfkm"x¿ Totf
a9L s]lGb|t x'g] u/]sf] ts{ cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefusf k|d'v
cf}iflw k|zf;s e'k]Gb|axfb'/ yfkfsf] 5 . t/ ljefusf]
of] ;lqmotfsf] k|efj k/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . gSsnL /
u'0f:t/xLg cf}iflwsf] laulauL htftt} 5 .
s/La tLg ;o pTkfbssf 5 xhf/ cf}iflwsf] k/LIf0f ug{ ljefu;Fu
Pp6f dfq k|of]uzfnf, zfxL cf}iflw cg';Gwfgzfnf / gf} hgf
ljz]if1 kmdf{l;i6x¿ 5g\ . ljefun] dGqfno;Fu
k|To]s c~rndf Ps hgf 8«u OG:k]S6/ / k|of]uzfnf tyf
lg/LIf0f 6f]nLdf sDtLdf $) hgf bIf hgzlQm yKg'kg]{ dfu u/]sf]
5 .
b]zdf u'0f:t/Lo cf}iflwsf] dfq pTkfbg / laqmL ljt/0f x'G5
eGg] s'/fdf ;/sf/ cfkm}F klg 9'Ss 5}g . k|d'v k|zf;s
yfkfs} zAbdf, æxfd|f] cfjZostfsf] cfwf eGbf sd bIf
hgzlQm ePsfn] cf}iflwsf] sf/f]af/df cfw} dfq u'0f:t/Lo cf}iflwsf]
Jofkf/ eO/x]sf] eg]/ dfGg'kg{] x'G5 . xfdLn] dfu] hlt
hgzlQm pknAw u/fOof] eg] dfq} xfdL ztk|ltzt u'0f:t/Lo cf}iflwsf]
Jofkf/ x'g] bfjL ug{ ;S5f}F .Æ
c;xof]uL
;/sf/L gLlt
cf}iflw pBf]u km:6fpg g;Sg'df ;/sf/sf] gLlt klg lhDd]jf/
5 . ;a}eGbf klxnf] s'/f t sRrf kbfy{ / cGo ;fdu|L cfoft
ubf{ lnOg] /fh:j g} /fli6«o cf}iflw pBf]ux¿sf]
3fF6L /]6\g] vfnsf] 5 . pBf]ux¿n] cf}iflwsf]
sRrf kbfy{df Ps k|ltzt eG;f/ clg ltgsf] KoflsËsf nflu
Nofpg] j:t'df eG;f/, :yfgLo ljsf; s/, ;'/Iff s/ / Eof6 u/]/
!%=% k|ltzt s/ lt5{g\ . of] eGbf t cf}iflw g} cfoft
ug]{n] sd, cyf{t\ kfFr k|ltzt dfq, s/ lt5{ . To;dfly
v'Nnf ;Ldf / sdhf]/ lgu/fgLsf] kmfObf p7fP/ rf]/Lsf] af6f]
lelqg] cf}iflw klg y'k|} x'G5g\ . h;n] ubf{ cfofltt
cf}iflwx¿sf] t'ngfdf :yfgLo ¿kdf pTkflbt cf}iflw
dxËf] x'g] ub{5g\ .
csf]{lt/ g]kfnL pTkfbg ef/t k7fpg klg lgs} ufx|f] 5 .
!^ k|ltzt sfp06/ e]lnË 8\o"6L ltg'{k5{ eg] sf]nsftfsf]
;]06«n 8«u Nofa df gd"gf k/LIf0f u/fO{
…gf] cAh]S;g k|df0fkqÚ lng'kg]{ ‰~‰l6nf]
k|lqmof 5 . clxn];Dd tLg n6 cf}iflw ef/t k7fpg] g]kfn
kmdf{:o'l6sN;\nfO{ k|To]s n6df tLgb]lv cf7 dlxgf nfu]sf]
lyof] . To;df klg hgj/L @))# b]lv nfu'x'g] u/L ef/t
;/sf/n] nfu" u/]sf] gofF lgod cg';f/ s'g} klg ljb]zL
sDkgLn] tLg jif{sf nflu qmdzM !%)) / !))) cd]l/sL 8n/ lt/]/
sD+kgL
/ pTkfbg btf{ ug{'kg]{5 .
g]kfn kmdf{:o'l6sN;sf k|aGw lgb]{zs cdfTo eG5g\, æz'Ns
/ ‰~‰l6nf] btf{ k|lqmofn] lgof{t g/fd|/L k|efljt
x'g] ePsfn] o;sf] ;dfwfgsf] k|of; ;/sf/L :t/d} x'g'k5{ .Æ
s]xL ;docl3 gjLs/0f ul/Psf] g]kfn–ef/t Jofkf/ ;lGw klg
ef/tdf cf}iflw lgof{t ug{ afws aGg] ;Defjgf 5 . ;lGwdf
g]kfnaf6 ef/t lgof{t x'g] x/]s pTkfbgdf klxnf] jif{ @% / csf]{
jif{ #) k|ltzt Eofn' Pl8;g x'g}kg]{ k|fjwfg 5, h;sf] kl5Nnf]
c;/ :j¿k g]kfn kmdf{:o'l6sN;\ s]xL Pl06afof]l6s cf}iflwx¿sf]
lgof{tnfO{ ef/tLo kIfn] /f]s]sf] 5 . otf ef/tLo pTkfbgaf6
rflxF xfd|f] ahf/ clt g} k|efljt ePsf] 5 . @)$% ;fndf
ef/tn] gfsfaGbL u/]sf] ;dodf ;d]t slxNo} cf}iflwsf] sdL dx;";
gePsf] tYon] g} b]vfpF5 g]kfndf slt ef/tLo cf}iflwsf] y'k|f]
nfUg] /x]5 . ef/tLo sDkgLx¿n] cfˆgf] laqmL
k|a4{g ug{ oxfF ;'k/ l8li6«Ao'6/x¿ g} /fVg] u/]sf
5g\ . cf}iflw pBf]u / Joj;fodf nufgL g} gu/]sf gfd'b
Jofkfl/s ;d"xx¿ ;d]t o:tf l8li6«Ao'6/ ag]sf
5g\ . jL/u~hsf] hL kmdf{lnÍn] UnfS;f], sG;]K6
/ 8f= /]8\8L kmdf{:o'l6sN;\sf]Ù Hof]lt ;d"xsf]
efh'/Tgn] ds{, d]l/G8, o;\ / ;f/fefO kmdf{:o'l6sN;sf] tyf
;f]N6L ;d"xsf] cd/fjtL O06/g]zgnn] /]ga]S;L / :6fgs]o/sf]
;'k/ l8i6«LAo'6/sf] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf o:tf
$)–%) l8li6«Ao'6/x¿ sfo{/t /x]sf] cg'dfg
ul/G5 . laqmL k|a4{gsf] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ lnP/ a:g]
logn] v'b|f laqm]tfnfO{ lbg] sldzgsf] lgwf{/0f, d]l8sn l/k|]h]G6]l6ex¿sf]
lgo'lQm h:tf kmdf{:o'l6sN;\n] ug]{ ;/xsf sfd ;d]t u5{g\ .
cf}iflw pBf]usf] /fd|f] ;Defjgf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg b]z leqsf 7"nf
Jofkfl/s 3/fgfx¿n] o; If]qdf nufgL u/]sf 5}gg\, g s'g}
ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx¿ g} cfslif{t ePsf 5g\ .
/fd|f sDkgLx¿ nufgL ug{ rfxFb}gg\ . c:ki6 gLlt
/ ePs} gLltsf] klg sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf] cGof}nsf sf/0f nufgL
ug{] pko'Qm jftfj/0f ag]sf] 5}g . …dfl/ogÚ
/ …/;]nÚ sDkgLx¿;Fu uflePkl5 ax'/fli6«o
sDkgL …x]S:6Ú g]kfnnfO{ k|fyldstf glbO{ lkmtf{
uPsf] pbfx/0f o;sf] ;fIfL 5 . pBf]uklt /fh]Gb| v]tfg
eG5g\, æcf}iflw pTkfbgsf nflu rflxg] bIf hgzlQm / jftfj/0f
xfdL;Fu 5}g . ;+o'Qm nufgL ePkl5 To:tf] hgzlQm leœofpg
/ jftfj/0f agfpg klg ;lsG5, t/ o;sf nflu ;/sf/L k|oTg b]lvPsf]
5}g .Æ
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