w/fgsf] wGbf k|x/LnfO{ k};f, cGwfnfO{ nfO;]G;

n sf}zn e§/fO{

w/fg …hL/f] KjfOG6Ú 5]psf] If]qLo k|x/L OsfO{ sfof{no
-If]=k|=O=sf=_ ;fd'Gg] Pp6f lkmSsf kx+F]nf] /ªsf] b'O{tn] 3/ 5 . Tof] 3/sf] e'O{+tnfsf] ;fgf] sf]7f 8fS6/ s]bf/ sdf{rfo{sf] lghL lSnlgs xf] . ToxfF k|foM lj/fdL b]lvFb}gg\ tfklg ;]t} skfn km'n]sf xFl;nf 8f= sdf{rfo{ kfFr jif{otf lgs} Jo:t 5g\ . t/, /f]uLsf] pkrf/df xf]Og 8«fOleª nfO;]G; lng rfxg]x¿nfO{ …lg/f]lutfsf] l;kmfl/;Ú lbgdf . pgn] …l;kmfl/; Joj;foÚ nfO{ lrlsT;f k]zfeGbf a9L kmnbfoL kfPsf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\, æd]/f] lSnlgs ckm ;fO6df k/]sf] 5, lj/fdLx¿ vf;} cfpFb}gg\ . t/ P;=P;=kL= sfof{no cufl8 ePsf]n] lSnlgs /fd|} rn]sf] 5 . 6«fon lbg] @–# lbg cl3 t eL8} x'G5 . d]/f] /]6 ?=!%) dfq xf] .Æ ckfos 7fpFdf lSnlgs /fVg'sf] sf/0f vf]Nb} pgn] cl3Nnf] ;ftf cfˆgf] ;DefJo u|fxs 7fg]/ of] ;DjfbbftfnfO{ oL s'/f atfP .
( j}zfv @)%( sf] lbpF;f] . xftdf Pp6f sfuh af]s]/ 8f= sdf{rfo{n] lrg]sf Ps o'js sf]7fdf k:5g\ . Tof] sfuh lg/f]lutf k|dfl0ft ug]{ kmf/d lyof] . 8fS6/ ;fx]jn] ;xL ug'{cl3 tL o'jsn] ?=!%) lbP . ?k}ofF lnP/ v';L x'Fb} 8f= sdf{rfo{n] x:tfIf/ u/] / cfˆgf] 5fk nufOlbP . ;f] l;kmfl/; kq :jo+ tL o'jssf nflu geO{ c¿ g} JolQmsf nflu lyof] .
8fS6/sf] l;kmfl/; lnP/ tL o'js glhssf] If]=k|=O=sf= uP . 9f]sfdf plePsf k|x/Ln] pgnfO{ s'g} /f]s6f]s u/]gg\ . pgL ;/f;/ ToxfFsf] ;jf/L zfvf k'u] / nfO;]G;sf] nflu cfj]bg kmf/d btf{ u/fP . btf{ gDa/ lnP/ zfvfs} csf{ k|x/LsxfF uP . tL k|x/Ln] btf{ gDa/ cfˆgf] 8fo/Ldf l6k] / o'jsaf6 s]xL /sd lnP/ ef]lnkN6 x'g] lnlvt k/LIff / 6«fon lng] k|x/Lx¿sf] gfd o'jsnfO{ lbP . o'jsn] tL k|x/LnfO{ klg ToxLF csf]{ sf]7fdf e]6] . ltgnfO{ klg s]xL /sd lbP / ef]lnkN6 x'g] hfFr / 6«fon cfkm"n] s;sf nflu lbFb}5' eGg] hfgsf/L klg u/fP .
!) j}zfv @)%( sf] lbg . 7"N7"nf rdsbf/ cfFvf ePsf tL o'js 8«fOleª nfO;]G;sf] k/LIffdf ;fd]n eP . pgn] lnlvt k/LIffdf 8«fOleª ;DaGwL bz j6f k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbP . ;fy} bz 3'DtL kf/ u/L df]6/;fOsnsf] 6«fon klg lbP . clg %) ls=dL= k/ Pp6f ahf/df nfO;]G;sf] k|tLIffdf /x]sf cfˆgf u|fxsnfO{ kmf]gaf6 hfgsf/L lbP, ætkfO{Fsf] k/LIff /fd|f] eof], kf; x'g'x'G5, 9'Ss x'g'xf];\ .Æ
!! j}zfv @)%( sf] laxfg . If]=k|=O=sf= w/fg sfof{nosf] leQfdf b[li6xLg ;'/]Gb| nD;fn -gfd kl/jt{g ul/Psf]_ sf] btf{ gDa/ klg pQL0f{ x'g]x¿sf] ;"rLdf 6fFl;of] . a|]n lnlkdf k9\g ;Sg] t/ df]6/;fOsn s:tf] x'G5 eGg] b]Vg g;Sg] nD;fn lnlvt k/LIff / 6«fondf pQL0f{ eP .
k/LIff pQL0f{ ePsf] tLg lbgkl5 ltg} o'js k|x/L sfof{nosf] clen]vdf ;'/]Gb|sf] tkm{af6 !) cf}Fnfsf] 5fk nufpg k'u] . ;jf/L zfvfsf Ps k|x/Ln] …;DalGwt JolQmÚ pkl:yt u/fpg eg] . …;DalGwt JolQmÚ pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] hfgsf/L cufl8 g} u/fPsf] tL o'jsn] ;D‰fP . Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF lbP dfq /f]sfj6 gug]{ k|x/Ln] atfPkl5 tL o'jsn] dfu adf]lhd ?k}ofF lbP . cf}Fnfsf] 5fk nufP/ o'jsn] b[li6xLg nD;fnsf] tl:a/ nfO;]G; sf8{df 6fF;] . cfˆgf sd{rf/Lx¿n] ;a} sfg"gL k|lqmof ldnfP/ NofPsf] ;f] sf8{df s]xL lbgkl5 jl/i7 k|x/L pk/LIfs dbg v8\sfn] s'g} ;f]wk'5 gu/L ;xL u/] . ;f] nfO;]G; ltg} o'jsdfkm{t\ nD;fnsf] xftdf cfOk'Uof] . 3/ a;L–a;L, k/LIff, 6«fon s]xL glbO{ / k|x/L clen]vdf cf}F7f 5fk klg gnufO{ df]6/;fOsn 8«fOe ug]{ ;SsnL nfO;]G; xft kbf{ nD;fnsf] ?=$,%)) vr{ ePsf] lyof] .
of] ;a} rfFhf]kfFrf] ldnfpg] tL o'js rflxF nfO;]G;;DaGwL wGbf ug]{ w/fg, lj/f6gu/, O6x/L, Og?jfsf y'k|} bnfnx¿dWo] Ps lyP . b[li6xLg nD;fnsf nflu nfO;]G; lnP/ w/fgsf] 8«fOleª nfO;]G;sf] wGbfdf ltgn] cfkm"nfO{ c¿ bnfneGbf ;Ifd ;fljt u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf] u|fxs ag]sf !* jifL{o nD;fn ;'g;/L lhNnfsf] blIf0fL efudf a:b5g\ . pgn] cfkm}F ;jf/L rnfpgsf nflu Tof] nfO;]G; lnPsf lyPgg\ . pgn] t w/fgdf k|x/L, bnfn, 8fS6/ cflbsf] ldnf]dtf]df jiff{}Fb]lv df}nfpb} cfPsf] gSsnL tyf sLt]{ ;jf/L rfns nfO;]G;sf] wGbfsf] e08fkmf]/ u/]/ ;a}sf cfFvf vf]lnlbg nfO;]G; lnPsf lyP . To;}n] nfO;]G; kfP/ klg pgL v';L ePgg\ . a? b'Mv JoQm ub}{ eg] æd t hGdFb} cGwf] ePF t/ oxfF w]/} hgf k};fsf nflu cGwf ePsf 5g\ .Æ -kf]n v'n]kl5 bnfn / s]xL e|i6 k|x/Lx¿af6 pgnfO{ tTsfn k'Ug ;Sg] vt/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ tL cGwf o'jfsf] jf:tljs kl/ro uf]Ko /fVg'k/]sf] xf] . pgn] k|fKt u/]sf] nfO;]G; ;'/lIft 5 ._
t/ If]qLo k|x/L O{sfO{ sfof{no w/fgdf o:tf lqmofsnfknfO{ ;fdfGo 7flgG5 . bnfn / s]xL e|i6 k|x/Lx¿sf sf/0f nfO;]G; h:tf] uDeL/ s'/fdf ;fFlRrs} 7"nf] x]nr]qm\ofOF eO/x]sf] 5 oxfF . b[li6xLg nD;fnn] nfO;]G; kfpg' To;}sf] HjnGt pbfx/0f xf] .
@)!$ b]lv g} nfO;]G; ljt/0f ub}{ cfPsf]] If]qLo k|x/L OsfO{ sfof{no w/fgn] cfly{s jif{ @)%*÷%( sf] gf} dlxgf -;fpgb]lv r}t;Dd_ sf] cjlwdf 7"nf -6«s, a; cflb_ ^$@, d‰f}nf -6«ofS6/ cflb_ @$)Ù ;fgf -hLk, sf/, Eofg cflb_ !!&^ / df]6/;fOsnsf !^@* j6f nfO;]G; ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . o; cfwf/df ToxfFaf6 jif]{lg s/La kfFr xhf/ nfO;]G; ljt/0f x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;dWo] s/La @% k|ltzt nfO;]G; k|efjzfnL JolQm–kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] l;kmfl/;df ljt/0f x'G5g\ . afFsL &% k|ltzt nfO;]G; 3";sf] n]gb]gaf6 x'G5 / To;dWo] cfwfh;f] nfO;]G;x¿ bnfnx¿dfkm{t\ afFl8G5g\ .
e'Qmef]uLx¿sf cg';f/ bnfnn] 7"nf ;jf/L ;fwgsf nflu k|lt nfO;]G; $% ;o, d‰f}nf ;jf/Lsf] rf/ xhf/, ;fgf ;jf/Lsf] nflu tLg xhf/ / df]6/;fOsnsf nflu @% ;o ?k}ofF lng] ub{5g\ . t/ k|x/LsxfF ;f]‰} uO{ df]ntf]n ubf{ eg] 7"nf ;jf/Lsf nflu #% ;o, d‰f}nfsf] tLg xhf/, ;fgf ;jf/Lsf] @% ;o tyf df]6/;fOsnsf] nflu !% ;odf sfd aG5 . 3"; n]gb]gsf] plNnlvt b/sf cfwf/df lx;fa ubf{ jif]{lg ?= *# nfv $( xhf/ k|x/Ln] tyf ?= !% nfv $( xhf/ bnfnn] sdfpg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
To;afx]s, nfO;]G;sf] /fh:j ltbf{ klg k|x/Ln] cltl/Qm /sd lng] ub{5g\ . df]6/;fOsn nfO;]G;sf] b:t'/ ?= @@) nfUg]df ?= #)), ;fgf ;jf/L ;fwgsf]
?= #^) nfUg]df ?= $%), d‰f}nfsf] ?= $)) nfUg]df ?= %)) tyf 7"nfsf] ?= $%) nfUg]df ?= %@% lng] ul/G5 .
o;af6 klg /fh:jsf gfddf k|x/Ln] jif]{lg yk ?= $ nfv !) xhf/ p7fpg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L lx;fa ubf{ w/fg k|x/Lsf] …pk/L cfo:tfÚ jif{df *& nfveGbf a9L x'g cfpF5 . t/ nfO;]G;af6 ;/sf/L /fh:j eg] jif{df ?= !% nfv dfq p7\g] u/]sf] 5 . ToxfF e|i6frf/n] slt ulx/f] h/f] uf8]sf] 5 eg] k};f lbP h] klg x'g] glbP s]xL klg gx'g] cj:yf 5 . k};f glbO{ nfO;]G; lng] c7f]6 u/]sf df]/ª, ;nsk'/ lgjf;L x]d' yfkfsf] s]xL nfu]g . @)%$ ;fnb]lv !^ k6s 6«fon–k/LIffdf ;dfj]z ePsf yfkf tLg k6s pQL0f{ eP . t/ pgn] nfO;]G; kfPgg\ . lsgeg] ;jf/L zfvfsf k|x/Ln] dfu]sf] k};f pgn] lbPgg\ .
!^ cf}F k6sdf cfˆgf] ;d:of O6x/Lsf Pshgf kqsf/nfO{ eg] . kqsf/sf] l;kmfl/;df w/fgaf6 nfO;]G; kfOG5 eGg] pgn] ;'g]sf lyP . tL kqsf/n] k|x/L sfof{nodf l;kmfl/; t ul/lbP t/ pgsf] sf]6f klxNo} ;lsO;s]sf] sf/0f yfkf nfO;]G; kfpg k'gM c;kmn eP . cflv/df s]xL gnfu]/ uPsf] k';sf] t];|f] ;ftfdf pgn] k|x/Lsf] æb:t'/Æ lt/]/} nfO;]G; agfP .
nfO;]G; ljt/0fdf x'g] u/]sf] clgoldttfaf/] w]/yf]/ ;a}nfO{ yfxf gePsf] xf]Og . t/ To:tf] clgoldttfdf k|x/Lsf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtf ePsf sf/0f dflg;x¿ d'v vf]Ng rfxFb}gg\ . /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf tyf kqsf/x¿ cfˆgf] l;kmfl/; rNg]d} dVv x'G5g\ . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lx¿, k|x/Lsf dflyNnf clws[tx¿n] klg nfO;]G; agfO lbg …l;kmfl/;Ú ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf of] clgoldttf /f]Sg' pgLx?sf] rf;f]leq kb}{g .
l;kmfl/;df gkg]{ jf 3"; gv'jfpg] JolQmx¿ hlt;'s} hfGg] eP klg 6«fondf ckjfbsf ¿kdf dfq} pQL0f{ x'g] u5{g\ . t/ k};f v'jfpg ;Sg]n] ;f]‰} ;jf/L zfvfsf k|x/Lx¿nfO{ e]6] x'G5 jf s'g} bnfndfkm{t\ uP x'G5 .
o:tf bnfnx¿ wgs'6f, w/fg, O6x/L, Og?jf, lj/f6gu/ / pnf{af/L hxfF;'s} 5\ofK5\ofKtL 5g\ / pgLx¿n] ufpF–ufpF;Dd cfˆgf] hfnf] km}nfPsf 5g\ . xfn cfkm"h:tf s/La b'O{ bh{g JolQmx¿ o; sfddf ;lqmo /x]sf] Ps bnfn cg'dfg u5{g\ . oL bnfnx¿ k};fsf e/df ;SsnL jf gSsnL h:tf] klg nfO;]G; agfOlbg ;Sb5g\ / ;Da4 JolQmsf] cg'kl:yltdf klg nfO;]G; lnOlbg ;Sb5g\ . o:t} bnfnL k]zf ckgfPsf 6f]dk|;fb 9'Ë]nsxfF of] l/kf]6{/ Ps u|fxs agL hfFbf pgn] eg] æclxn];Dd d}n] $)÷%) j6f nfO;]G; dfG5]sf] pkl:ylt lagf g} lnOlbPsf] 5' .Æ Ps} lbg kfFr–5 hgfsf] 6«fon lbPsf] bfaL ug]{ 9'Ë]n eG5g\, æklxn] ;DalGwt k'ln;nfO{ k};f lbP/ ldnfpF5' . clg n'uf / x]nd]6 km]b}{ 6«fon lbG5' . nfO;]G; lng] JolQmsf] ;fOg, NofKr] ;a} xfG5' / ;SsnL nfO;]G; NofOlbG5' .Æ
bnfnx¿n] slxn]sfxLF u|fxsx¿nfO{ gSsnL nfO;]G; klg le8fOlbg] ub{5g\ . :gftsf]Q/ SofDk; lj/f6gu/df cWoog/t /fdk|;fb zdf{n] ut kmfu'gdf nfO;]G; gjLs/0f ug{ hfFbf sfof{nosf] clen]vdf cfˆgf] gfd e]§fPgg\ . kfFr jif{ klxn] ToxLFsf] k|x/LnfO{ k};f v'jfP/ agfPsf] pgsf] nfO;]G;sf] clen]v gkfOPkl5 gSsnL eGg] 7x/ eof] . To;sf] k|ltjfb ug{ vf]Hbf Ps k|x/Ln] …t}Fn] g} gSsnL nfO;]G;sf] wGbf u/]sf] 5;\Ù w]/} af]ln;\ eg] hflslbG5'Ú eg]sf] zdf{ atfpF5g\ .
gSsnL nfO;]G; klg ;SsnL h:t} bnfnx¿n] k|x/Ls} ldn]dtf]df agfpg] ub{5g\ . o:tf gSsnL nfO;]G; hf] sf]xLn] 5'6\ofpg ;Sb}gg\ . nfO;]G; sf8{ / To;df nfUg] sfof{nosf] 5fk b'j} ;SsnL x'G5g\ . t/ sfof{no k|d'vsf] x:tfIf/ eg] sLt]{ ul/Psf] x'G5 / o;/L lgsflng] nfO;]G;sf] sfof{nodf s'g} /]s8{ x'Fb}g . gSsnL nfO;]G;sf] kmGbfdf w]/}h;f] /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]z hfg] JolQmx¿ kg]{ u/]sf] s'/f o; If]qdf ;~rflnt 8«fOleª OlGi6Ro'6sf ;~rfnsx¿ atfpF5g\ .
gSsnL nfO;]G;sf] laulauL a9]sf]n] b'O{ jif{b]lv nfO;]G;df Pp6f :6Ls/ ->L % sf] ;/sf/sf] lg;fgf 5fk ePsf] xf]nf]u|fd_ 6fF:g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t}klg gSsnL nfO;]G;sf] wGbf 36]sf] 5}g . Ps t, bnfn / e|i6 k|x/Lsf] ldn]dtf]df :6Ls/ nufpg'kg]{ Joj:yf x'g'cl3sf] ldlt kf/]/ gSsnL nfO;]G; agfpg] ul/G5 . csf]{, gx/fPsf] nfO;]G; x/fof] egL k|ltlnlk nfO;]G; lng] axfgfdf To:tf] :6Ls/ lnOG5 .
;'g;/L / df]/ª lhNnfdf ;~rfng eO/x]sf 8«fOleª OlGi6Ro'6x¿ eg] nfO;]G; ljt/0fdf x'g] Jofks clgoldttfsf] bf]if bnfnL k|yfnfO{ lbG5g\ . bnfnL k|yf x6fpg] p2]Zon] pgLx¿n] ut !@ r}tdf k"jf{~rn 8«fO{leª :s"n Pzf]l;P;g btf{ u/]sf 5g\ . Pzf]l;P;gsf ;lrj /jLGb| td' u'?ª eG5g\ æJofks ¿kdf bnfnL k|yf 5, 6«]lgª ;]G6/sf] s'g} dfGotf 5}g .Æ pgL yK5g\ æ;/sf/nfO{ jif]{lg /fh:j a'‰fpFb} cfPsf o:tf 8«fO{leª ;]G6/n] /fd|f] l;sfPsf JolQmnfO{ ;d]t lagf k};f nfO;]G; lbOFb}g . 6«fon lnFbf tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 cg';f/ glnO{ h;/L klg km]n u/fOG5 . k};f lbPkl5 ltg} JolQmnfO{ csf]{ kN6 kf; u/fOG5 .Æ
t/ o; dfldnfdf Pzf]l;P;g klg w]/} rf]vf] rflxF 5}g . uf8L gl;s]sf] JolQmnfO{ klg k|lt JolQm ?= @%) lnP/ Pzf]l;P;gn] uf8L xfFSg l;s]sf] k|df0fkq lbg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg';f/ &@ 306f l;sfpg'kg]{df !) 306f dfq l;sfP/ Pzf]l;P;gn] k|df0fkq lbPsf y'k|} pbfx/0f e]l6G5g\ .
tLg dlxgfcl3 If]=k|=O=sf= w/fgsf] k|d'vsf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf jl/i7 k|x/L pk/LIfs dbgaxfb'/ v8\sf bnfn / k|x/Lsf] ldn]dtf]df Pp6f JolQmsf] 7fpFdf csf]{ JolQmn] k/LIff lbP/ kf; x'g] s'/f :jLsf/ ub}{gg\ . pgL bfaL u5{g\, æo:tf] x'g} ;Sb}g . bnfnn] s;/L ;a} k|x/LnfO{ ldnfpg tyf cfFvf 5Ng ;S5g\ <Æ
s]xL dlxgfcl3 dfq w/fg kf]li6ª ePsf jl/i7 k|x/L pk/LIfs v8\sfnfO{ cfˆgf] sfof{noaf6 x'g] wGbfsf] ;a} hfgsf/L gePsf] klg x'g;S5, t/ pgs} x:tfIf/df b[li6ljxLg o'js ;'/]Gb| nD;fnn] df]6/;fOsn rnfpg] cg'dltkq kfPsf 5g\ .
-PgkLcfO{÷vf]ks]_