g]kfnLsf] hLjg:t/ psf:g] hfb'

elgG5, s]xL gu'dfO{ s]xL kfOFb}g, ljsf;sf k|To]s sbd cufl8 a9\bf s'g} g s'g} s'/f dfl;Psf] klg x'G5 . t/, kj{t lhNnfsf] afR5fsL kbds'df/L l;njfnn] s]xL klg gu'dfO{ g} slxNo} glrtfPsf] s'/f kfOg\ . pgsf] hLjgdf xfn} Pp6f 7"nf] kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . jiff}{Fb]lvsf] k'/fgf] vf]sL sd ePsf] 5, 6fpsf] b'Vg 5f8]sf] 5 / pgsf cfFvfsf] Hof]lt kms]{sf] hlQs} ePsf] 5 .
of] s'g} cf}iflwn] u/]sf] rdTsf/ xf]Og . cf}iflwn] eP t /f]uJofw dfq 36\Yof] xf]nf, t/ lxhf]cfh pgL ;'lsnL, xFl;nL / pHofnL klg b]lvPsL 5g\ . afNosfnb]lv sfnf efF8f df´bf df´bf tn};Dd lvOPsf pgsf gª ;d]t plS;g yfn]sf 5g\ . æw'jfF x6]kl5 /f]u} 36\of],Æ pgL xfF;]/ elG5g\, æw'jfFn] oltsf /f]uJofw u/fpFbf] /}Ú5 eGg] t w'jfF x6]kl5 dfq} kf] a'l‰of] .Æ
ufpFs} ‰'df If]qLn] b'O{ ;o ?k}ofFdf agfOlbPsf] r'nf] g} of] kl/jt{gsf] jfxs xf]] . æ;aeGbf 7"nf] s'/f t w'jfF x'Fb}g, efF8fdf plt sfnf] klg nfUb}g . 3/} ;kmf x'G5 . k]ml/ bfp/f klg lgSs} kmf/f] x'G5,Æ afR5fsL csL{ dlxnf lbns'df/L If]qL aofg ul5{g\ . kbds'df/L / lbns'df/Ln] h;/L g} kj{tsf] afR5f uflj;sf s/La b'O{ ;o eGbf j9L 3/kl/jf/n] ;'wfl/Psf] w'jfF/lxt r'nf] agfPsf 5g\ . pmhf{ ljsf; sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf ef]lS;ª uflj;sf ;a} 3/df r'nf] alg;s]sf] 5 . afR5f, kfª/fª, ef]lS;ª ;/f}vf]nf, e'sb]p/fnL / Sofª uflj;df u/L ‰08} ;ft ;o j6f r'nf] tof/ eOs]sf 5g\ .

gjLs/0fLo pmhf{÷j}slNks pmhf{÷u|fdL0f pmhf{ k|s[ltaf6 cgj/t ¿kdf k|fKt eO/xg] ;|f]tx¿af6 jftfj/0fdf s'g} g/fd|f] c;/ gkfl/sg k|sfz / tfk pTkfbg ug]{ k|ljlwnfO{ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlw elgG5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df, b'u{d u|fdL0f If]qsf afl;GbfnfO{ /fli6«o ljB't\ k|0ffnLaf6 lah'nL pknAw u/fpg g;s'~h]n;Ddsf nflu pmhf{sf] j}slNks ;|f]tsf ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g] ePsf]n] o;/L k|fKtx'g] pmhf{nfO{ j}slNks jf u|fdL0f pmhf{ eGg] ul/Psf] xf] .

;'wfl/Psf] w'jfF/lxt r'nf]n] kj{tsf] afR5fdf NofPsf] h:tf] kl/jt{g clxn] xfd|f] b]zsf !! lhNnfsf ‰08} @% xhf/ kl/jf/n] cg'ej ul//x]sf 5g\ . slt kl/jf/n] t u|fdL0f pmhf{sf PseGbf a9L k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . uf]a/Uof; / ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]sf sf/0f w'jfF lagfsf] efG;f, n3' hnljB't\ jf ;f}o{ lah'nLaf6 efu]sf] cFWof/f] / s}og\ jif{;Dd lah'nL k'Ug] cfzf gePsf b'u{d ufpF3/df klg 6]lnlehg h:tf cfw'lgs ;~rf/sf ;fwgsf] k|of]u ca g]kfnsf clwsf+z ufpFdf ;Dej s'/f ePsf] 5 .
j}slNks pmhf{ :yfgLo ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] k|of]u u/]/ / jftfj/0fdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L pmhf{ pTkfbg / k|of]u ug]{ k|ljlw xf] . a9\bf] hg;ª\Vofsf] rfksf sf/0f a9]sf] bfp/fsf] pkof]u / jg kFm8fgLsf sf/0f jftfj/0f / :jf:Yodf kg]{ c;/nfO{ j}slNks pmhf{sf ljleGg k|ljlwn] 36fpg ;S5g\ . oxL p2]Zo cg';f/ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] 5}7f}+ k~rjifL{o of]hgfb]lv g} pmhf{ sfo{qmdx¿sf] yfngL u¥of] / ;ftf}F k~rjifL{o of]hgfb]lv ;f}o{ / jfo' zlQmaf6 pmhf{ ljsf; ug]{tkm{ klg Wofg lbOof] .
j}slNks pmhf{sf oL k|ljlwx¿nfO{ Pp6f /fli6«o sfo{qmdsf ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg'sf] d'Vo p2]Zo pmhf{sf cfw'lgs ;|f]t;Dd kx'Fr gePsf *% k|ltzt hgtf a;f]af; ug]{ u|fdL0f If]qx¿df cfw'lgs / k|efjsf/L pmhf{ k'¥ofP/ pgLx¿sf] hLjg:t/df clej[l4 u/fpg' xf] .
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] gjf}F k~rjifL{o of]hgf cjlwdf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ cg'bfg gLlt tyf sfo{ljlw nfu" u¥of] . o;sf ;fy} o; cjlwdf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] @) jif]{ bL3{sfnLg of]hgfsf] th'{df klg ul/of] . uf]a/Uof;, ;f]}o{ zlQm, jfo' zlQm tyf hnljB't\sf] pTkfbg / k|of]udf pNn]vgLo j[l4 ug{, To;nfO{ ljleGg k|d'v sfo{qmd cGtu{t cufl8 a9fpg / cfjZos C0f tyf cg'bfg ljt/0f ug]{, u/fpg] tkm{ ljleGg sfo{x¿ ;DkGg eof] . u|fdL0f pmhf{ sf]ifsf] :yfkgfsf] tof/Lsf ¿kdf cGtl/d u|fdL0f pmhf{ sf]ifsf] :yfkgf x'g' o; cjlwsf] Pp6f k|d'v pknlAw xf] .
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] j}slNks pmhf{sf] k|a4{g tyf ljsf;sf nflu ;+:yfut ;+/rgfsf] cfjZostf dx;"; u/L @)%# ;fndf j}slNks pmhf{ k|a4{g s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf u/]sf] xf] . pQm s]Gb|n] n3' hnljB't\, 3/]n' / ;++:yfut ;f}o{ pmhf{, ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] tyf uf]a/Uof;sf If]qdf sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sf]df clxn] cfP/ jfo' pmhf{ ;DaGwL sfo{qmdnfO{ klg ;d]6\g] ePsf] 5 . j}slNks pmhf{ k|a4{g s]Gb|n] b]zdf sfo{/t cGo lgsfo tyf ;xof]uL ;+3;+:yfx¿ h:t} uf]a/Uof; ;xof]u sfo{qmd, u|fdL0f pmhf{ ljsf; sfo{qmd, cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f kl/of]hgf, ljZj jGohGt' sf]if, b'u{d If]q ljsf; ;ldlt nufotsf ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;d]t ;xsfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

bzf}F of]hgfdf j}slNks pmhf{ k|:tfljt bzf}F of]hgfsf] d:of}bfdf j}slNks pmhf{ ;DaGwL p2]Zox¿nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5M n j}slNks pmhf{nfO{ u/LaL lgjf/0fsf] ;zQm dfWodsf] ¿kdf ljsf; Pj+ lj:tf/ u/L u|fdL0f kl/jf/sf] qmozlQm a9fpgdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] . n :yfgLo ;|f]t / ;fwgdf cfwfl/t j}slNks pmhf{ k|ljlwx¿sf] ljsf; u/L u|fdL0f hgtfsf] 3/fo;L cfjZostf tyf k]zfut Joj;foLs/0fsf] nflu pmhf{ cfk"lt{ ug]{ . n :yfgLo pmhf{sf] ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ;d'lrt pkof]u tyf pmhf{ pkof]u bIftfdf ;'wf/ tyf j[l4 u/L cfofltt pmhf{sf] lge{/tfnfO{ sd ug]{ / gsf/fTds jftfj/0fLo k|efjx¿nfO{ Go"g ug]{ . n j}slNks pmhf{sf] lgdf{0f Pj+ h8fg nfutdf sdL NofO{ u|fdL0f hgtfsf] kx'Frdf j[l4 Nofpg] .

j}slNks pmhf{ k|a4{g s]Gb|sf p2]Zox¿
u|fdL0f If]qdf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ;|f]t / k|ljlwx¿sf] k|of]uåf/f jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] / ljz]if u/L Go"g cfo ePsf kl/jf/nfO{ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ pkef]u ug{ ;Ifd agfpg] d"n p2]Zosf ;fydf j}slNks pmhf{ k|a4{g s]Gb|sf p2]Zox¿ o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ M

;xof]u / cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf
j}slNks pmhf{sf ljleGg k|ljlwx¿df ltgsf] :yfkgfdf x'g] vr{ / kmfObfsf cfwf/df cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . of] cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{df u|fdL0f hgtfsf] kxF'r ;xh kfg]{ p2]Zon] ul/Psf] xf], h;sf] ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yf >L % sf] ;/sf/ lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno, j}slNks pmhf{ k|a4{g s]G›, gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ cg'bfg Joj:yf cGtu{tsf] cGtl/d u|fdL0f pmhf{ sf]ifn] ub{5 . uf]a/Uof;sf nflu k|bfg ul/g] cg'bfg eg] j}slNks pmhf{ k|a4{g s]Gb| cGtu{tsf] uf]a/Uof; ;xof]u sfo{qmd -jL=P;\=kL=_ n] ub{5 .
oL cg'bfg ;xof]ux¿ cfly{s cg'bfgdf dfq ;Lldt 5}gg\, oL sfo{qmdx¿ cGtu{t tof/ x'g] s'g} klg …KnfG6Ú pkef]Qmfsf] ck]Iff cg'?ksf] lbuf] / l6sfp xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] u'0f:t/ / cg'udgdf klg ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofOG5 .

pmhf{ If]qdf ;xof]u sfo{qmd
-pm=If]=;=sf=_
8]gdfs{ ;/sf/ / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf aLr @^ dfr{ ;g\ !((( df pmhf{ If]q ;xof]u sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{sf nflu kfFr jif{sf] ;D‰f}tf eof] . o; ;D‰f}tfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo pNn]vgLo / lbuf] ¿kn] u/LaL 36fpg] tyf cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs If]qx¿sf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj a9fpg] /x]sf] 5 . cS6'a/, ;g\ !((( df clGtd ?k lbOPsf] ;f] sfo{qmdnfO{ 8]lg; ;/sf/n] ;g\ !(((–@))$ kfFr jif{sf] cjlwsf nflu s/La g]kfnL ?k}ofF ! c/a ^@ s/f]8 -8]lg; qmf]g/ !%$ ldlnog_ sf] ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
o; afx]s j}slNks pmhf{sf] csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ k|ljlw uf]a/Uof;sf] ljsf;sf nflu hd{g bft[ lgsfo s]=Pkm=8ANo"=-nfutsf] &@ b]lv *) k|ltzt;Dd_ / lgb/NofG8\;\ ljsf; lgof]u P;\=Pg\=eL= -nfutsf] * k|ltzt tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u_ af6 ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o;df >L %sf] ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] ;xeflutfnfO{ !) k|ltztaf6 a9fP/ @) k|ltzt k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o;/L uf]a/Uof; ;xof]u sfo{s|d k|f]u|fdsf] ;g\ !((& b]lv @))@ sf] t];|f] r/0fdf
-t];|f] r/0fdf xfn;Dd lgld{t KnfG6 ;ª\Vof s/La &% xhf/_ s]=Pkm\=8An'=n] KnfG6sf nflu cg'bfg jfkt s/La ^$ nfv o"/f], P;\=Pg\=eL=n] k|fljlws ;xof]u cGtu{t #) nfv o"/f] / KnfG6sf nflu ^=^ nfv o"/f] tyf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;f9] gf} s/f]8 ?k}ofF -!@ nfv o"/f] a/fa/_ cg'bfg lbPsf] 5 .
u|fdL0f If]qdf pmhf{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; Pj+ /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf u/]/ u|fdL0f hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ psf:g / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu of]hgfj4 ¿kdf pko'Qm pmhf{ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ u/L j}slNks pmhf{ k|ljlwnfO{ Joj;foLs/0f ub}{ pmhf{df eO/x]sf] k/lge{/tf 36fpg] pm=If]=;=sf=sf] k|d'v p2]Zo xf] . csf{ zAbdf, k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿sf] pkof]usf] bL3{sfnLg c;/nfO{ Wofg lb+b} k/Dk/fut pmhf{ ;|f]tx¿sf] pkof]unfO{ qmdzM qmozlQm ;'xfpFbf] cfw'lgs pmhf{af6 k|lt:yfkg ub}{ n}hfg' g} o;sf] p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 .
pmhf{ If]q ;xof]u sfo{qmdn] b]zdf sfo{/t ;/sf/L tyf u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ dfkm{t\ sfd ;DkGGf x'g;s] c‰ /fd|f] glthf lgSng ;S5 eGg] dfGotf /fV5 . o;sf ;fy} pmhf{ If]q ;xof]u sfo{qmdn] ;xsdL{ ;+:yfx¿nfO{ k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;xof]u klg pknAw u/fpF5 . pm=If]=;=sf=n] j}slNks pmhf{ k|a4{g s]Gb|, cGtl/d u|fdL0f pmhf{ sf]if / pmhf{;FUf ;DalGwt ;xof]uL ;+:yfnfO{ ;j{;'ne tl/sfaf6 cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u, cg'bfg cflb dfkm{t\ ;xof]u k|bfg ub{5 . o; sfddf xfn;Dd u|fdL0f k|ljlw s]Gb|, ;f}o{ pmhf{sf sDkgLx¿, n3' pmhf{sf k/fdz{bftfx¿ / sDkgLx¿ tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ ;++nUg /x]sf 5g\ .

n3' hnljB't\ ;xof]u sfo{qmd
n3' hnljB't\ k|ljlw :yfgLo hgzlQm / :yfgLo hnzlQmsf] k|of]u u/]/ lah'nL lgsfNg] ;fgf], yf]/} vr{ nfUg], sd ;dodf tof/ x'g] ;a}eGbf /fd|f], ;:tf] / e/kbf]{ pmhf{ k|ljlw xf] . n3' hnljB't ;xof]u sfo{s|d cGtu{t;fwf/0ftof !)) lsnf]jf6;Ddsf] ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ sfd k5{ . ;fdfGo aQL dfq} afNg] xf] eg] ! ls=jf=af6 !) j6f;Dd 3/nfO{ pHofnf] kfg{ ;lsG5 . lah'nLaf6 aQL afNg'sf ;fy} /]l8of], l6eL, sDKo'6/ nufot ;+rf/ tyf dgf]/~hgsf ljB'tLo ;fwg rnfpg]b]lv lnP/ s'6fgL, k]nfgL, lk;fgL, lr/fgL / c¿ oflGqs ;fwg k|of]u u/]/ nfe lng ;lsG5 .
xfn;Dd n3'ljB't\ cfof]hgfaf6 b]zel/df !#,))) ls=jf= eGbf a9L ljB't\ pTkfbg eO{ !@ xhf/ 3/ kl/jf/df ljt/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] cfufdL bzf}F k~rjifL{o of]hgf cGtu{t k|lt jif{ @))) ls=jf= sf b/n] ljB't\ pTkfbg a9fpFb} n}]hfg] nIo /fv]sf] 5 .

;xof]u tyf cg'bfg gLlt
n3' hnljB't\ of]hgfsf nflu o;k|sf/ cg'bfg pknAw u/fOG5M
n tLg ls=jf=;Ddsf] k]lN6«s ;]6 /fVgsf nflu k|lt ls=jf= %% xhf/ ?k}ofF / tLg ls=jf= eGbf dfly / !)) ls=jf ;DdnfO{ &) xhf/ ?k}ofF k|lt ls=jf cg'bfg lbOG5 . ;fdfg 9'jfgLsf nflu klg ljB't\ h8fg ug]{ b"/Lsf cfwf/df k|lt ls=jf * xhf/ & ;o b]lv %) xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd yk cg'bfg lbOG5 .
n klxn] :yfkgf eO{ pTkfbg IfdtfeGbf sddf ;~rfng eO/x]sf tyf ;~rfng x'g g;s]sf n3' hnljB't\ kl/of]hgfx¿sf] k'gM ;~rfng tyf k'gM :yfkgfsf nflu k|lt ls=jf #% xhf/ ?k}ofF cg'bfg lbOG5 . ;fy} ;'wfl/Psf 3§af6 ljB'tLs/0f ug]{ ePdf k|lt ls=jf @& xhf/ ?k}ofFsf b/n] cg'bfg pknJw u/fpg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .

;f}o{ pmhf{ ;xof]u sfo{qmd
;f}o{ 3/]n' ljB't\ k|0ffnL pmhf{ ;/n k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t / Psbd]]} 5f]6f] ;dodf h8fg ug{ ;lsg] k|ljlw xf] . clxn] g]kfndf of] k|ljlwaf6 aQL afNg] 3/x¿sf] ;ª\Vof @# xhf/ /x]sf] tYofÍ 5 . o; ;DaGwL sfo{qmd nfu" ePkl5 !% xhf/ (* 3/df ut b'O{ jif{df dfq of] k|ljlw hf]l8Psf] xf] . oL ;a}af6 hDdf %*( ls=jf= ljB't\zlQm pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o; sfo{qmdnfO{ ^^ lhNnfsf ( ;o uflj;df lj:tf/ u/]/ cfufdL bzf}F k~rjifL{o of]hgfdf sDtLdf %@ xhf/ 3/x¿df of] k|ljlwaf6 lah'nL pknAw u/fpg] tyf sDtLdf !)) j6f ;f}o{ kDk / sDtLdf @& ;o j6f ;f}o{ s's/ / 8«fo/ lgdf{0f ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 .

;f}o{ ljB't\ k|0ffnLsf nflu ;xof]u tyf cg'bfg gLlt
n 3/]n' ;f}o{ ljB't\ k|0ffnLsf nflu ;fwf/0f $ j6f & jf6sf aQL / ;fbf 6]lnlehg / /]l8of] ahfpg ;lsg] #) b]lv $) jf6;Ddsf k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'ud :yfgdf &,@)) ?k}ofF;Dd / b'u{ddf !) xhf/;Dd / clt b'u{dsf nflu !@ xhf/;Dd cg'bfg lbOG5 .
n ;+:yfut ;f}o{ k|0ffnLsf nflu ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx¿ h:t}M :s"n, :jf:Yo rf}sL, d7dlGb/, s[lif tyf kz' ;]jfsf nflu eg] s'n h8fg vr{sf] &% k|ltzt /sd lbg] gLlt /x]sf] 5 .

/fli6«o ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] sfo{qmd
x'g t ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] g]kfndf ;g\ &) sf] bzsdf cfO;s]sf] xf] . ;'?cftlt/ w]/} ;+3, ;+:yfx¿ ldn]/ o;sf] k|of]unfO{ cufl8 a9fPsf lyP . xfn;Dddf b]ze/df s/La Ps nfvsf] ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] ag]sf] cg'dfg ul/G5 . j}slNks pmhf{ k|a4{g s]Gb|sf sfo{s|d ;'? ePkl5 !! lhNnfsf s/La @% xhf/ 3/kl/jf/df o:tf] r'nf]sf] k|of]u ;'? ePsf] 5 . ;g\ @))$ ;Dddf o; k|sf/sf] r'nf]sf] k|of]u $) xhf/ 3/ kl/jf/df k'¥ofpg]] nIo /x]sf] 5 .
o:tf] r'nf]sf] k|of]un] efG;fdf sfd ug]{ dlxnfx¿sf] :jf:Yodf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg'sf ;fy} efG;fsf] sfddf bfp/fsf] art eO{ jftfj/0f ;++/If0fdf ;d]t d2t k'Ub5 . o:tf] r'nf]sf] k|of]uaf6 efG;fsf] sfd l56f]5l/tf] x'g] t 5Fb}5, To;sf ;fy} cToGt} sd d"Nodf Pj+ cfˆg} 3/df ePsf] ;fwg / ;|f]taf6 aGg] x'Fbf o; k|ljlwk|lt u|fdL0f hgtfx¿sf] cfsif{0f a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

;xof]u tyf cg'bfg
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]sf] k|of]u k|a4{gsf nflu cfly{s cg'bfg pknJw 5}g . tfklg r'nf]df k|of]u x'g] wft'sf ;fdfgx¿df ck|ToIf cg'bfg k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 eg] r'nf] lgdf{0f ug]{ tl/sfsf af/]df lgMz'Ns u|fdL0f k|a4{ssf] tflnd tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u tflnd lbFb} cfPsf] 5 .

jfo' pmhf{
g]kfndf jfo' pmhf{sf] k|z:t ;Defjgf ePsf] x'gfn] bzf}F k~rjifL{o of]hgfdf jfo' pmhf{sf] k|a4{g tyf ljsf;sf nflu sfo{qmd th'{df ul/Psf] / pQm cjlwdf @) ls=jf= a/fa/sf] ljB't\ pTkfbgsf nflu @) lhNnfx¿df Doflkª ug]{ sfo{qmd lglZrt ePsf]n] xfn of] sfo{qmd lgs} rf;f] / xf]l;of/L ;lxt cufl8 a9fpg] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 .

uf]a/Uof; ;xof]u sfo{qmd
uf]a/Uof;sf gfdn] lrlgg] jfof]Uof; k|ljlwsf] ;'?cft @)#$ ;fnaf6 ePsf] xf] . 3/fo;L pmhf{ pkef]usf] sfddf ;a}eGbf a9\tf ^* k|ltzt sf7 bfp/fsf] k|of]u x'G5 . sf7 bfp/fsf] k|of]u 36fO{ j}slNks pmhf{sf ¿kdf uf]a/Uof;sf] cjwf/0ff d"n ¿kdf jghËnsf] ;+/If0fdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg]] nIo;lxt cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 . g]kfndf of] k|ljlw lgs} ;kmn dflgPsf] 5 . xfn b]zdf $( j6f uf]a/Uof; sDkgL dfkm{t\ ^% lhNnfdf ($,))) j6f uf]a/Uof; KnfG6 h8fg eO;s]sf 5g\ . k|ltjif{ !% xhf/ KnfG6 h8fg ug]{ nIo ePsf]df ;DalGwt sDkgLx¿sf cg';f/ nIoeGbf klg a9\tf KnfG6 h8fg ePsf 5g\ .

cg'bfg ;xof]u tyf gLlt
rf/ 3gld6/b]lv bz 3gld6/;Ddsf KnfG6x¿nfO{ ^ b]lv & xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd cg'bfg k|bfg ul/G5 . of] >L % sf] ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] lhNnfx¿ / gu/kflnsfleq nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . ;a}eGbf a9L k|rngdf cfPsf] ^ 3gld6/sf] KnfG6 xf] . ;g\ @))@ ;Dd o:tf] cg'bfg sfo{qmd >L % sf] ;/sf/, hd{g ljsf; AofÍ / g]b/Nof08 ;/sf/sf] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf ;~rfng eO/fv]sf] 5 .

pknlAw tyf of]hgfx¿
n3' hnljB't\df dfq xfn;Dd ;DkGg s/La b'O{ xhf/ j6f of]hgfaf6 !#,))) ls=jf= eGbf a9L zlQm pTkfbg ePsf] 5 . clxn] yk %($ ls=jf= zlQm a/fa/sf @$ j6f of]hgf :jLs[t eO;s]sf 5g\ / @ ;o ^& ls=jf= a/fa/sf !# j6f of]hgf :jLs[t x'g] t/v/df 5g\ .
;f}o{ ljB't\ k|0ffnLn] klg u|fdL0f If]qsf] pmhf{ ljsf;df w]/} u''g nufPsf] 5 . xfn;Dddf ^% lhNnfsf (!) uflj;x¿df !% xhf/ (* 3/sf kl/jf/n] aQL afNg, /]l8of] ahfpg, 6]lnlehg x]g]{ ;'ljwf k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . of] ;ª\Vof rf/ jif{df k"/f ug{'kg]{ nIosf] ^) k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 .

;d:ofx¿ / ;'‰fj
u|fdL0f pmhf{sf] If]qdf $) jif{sf] cg'ejnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ 8flg8fsf] pmhf{ If]q ;xof]u sfo{qmd / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] j}slNks pmhf{ k|a4{g s]Gb||n] pmhf{sf] If]qdf u/]sf sfdx¿df s]xL ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . pmhf{nfO{ u|fdL0f hgtfsf] kx'Frdf k'¥ofpg' g} of] sfo{qmdsf] ;a}eGbf /fd|f] kIf xf] . o; sfo{qmd dfkm{t\ n3' hnljB't\ pTkfbg ug{ ;fdfGotof ;lhnf] eP tfklg ;Dk"0f{ of]hgf ;DkGg ug]{ ;Gbe{df kfng ug{'kg]{ k"j{ zt{x¿ s]xL ‰~‰l6nf] /x]sf] s'/fsf] dx;"; ;j{;fwf/0fn] u/] tfklg pTkfbg tyf ljt/0fdf kl/df0ffTds j[l4 tyf k|ljlwsf] lg/Gt/ ljsf;af6 o;sf] nfut d"No 36\g] cfzf ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L ;f}o{ ljB't\ k|0ffnL k|ljlw clt g} pkof]uL eP tfklg o:fsf nflu ;/sf/n] cg'bfg lbg] /sd afx]s klg u|fxsn] Joxf]g'{kg]{ /sd ;j{;fwf/0f u|fdL0f hgtfsf] IfdtfeGbf a9L 5 . To;}n] ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLsf] dfu al9/x]sf] eP tfklg Tof] ;dfhdf ;fFRr} g} kl5 k/]sf ;d'bfox?;Dd k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g .
;du|df bftf / pkef]QmfaLrdf ;do–;dodf 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof gx'gfn] sfo{qmdsf af/]df oyfy{ hfgsf/L gePsf sf/0f cfof]hgfdf l9nfO{ / a9\tf vr{ ePsf] cg'ej DofUbL / kj{t lhNnfdf k|df0fLs/0f eO;s]sf of]hgfsf pkef]Qmfx¿sf] /x]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L / u|fdL0f hgtfsf] kx'Frdf k'¥ofpg sfo{qmd af/]df lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] k|rf/k|;f/ a[xt :t/df x'g'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .

kl/jt{gsf ;Í]tx¿
s]xL jif{ cl3 h:tf] u|fdL0f pmhf{sf] dxTj clxn] aQL afNgdf dfq ;Lldt 5}g . lxhf]cfh ;"rgf, lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L / dgf]/~hg– ;a} If]qdf lah'nLsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . /]l8of], l6eL, rnfpg] / lah'nLaf6 aQL afNg] s'/f ;fdflhs k|lti7fsf] ljifo ;d]t ag]sf] 5 . pmhf{sf sf/0f 3/fo;L lqmofsnfkdf g} ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g cfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . cfw'lgs pmhf{ k|ljlwx?sf] k|j]z x'g' cl3 u|fdL0f e]udf lah'nL aQL, bfp/f / w'jfFsf] dfq ;d:of lyPg, rkL{sf] klg plQs} ;d:of lyof] . xfn uf]a/Uof; ePsf s/La %) k|ltzt 3/df KnfG6sf] Pp6f cËs} ¿kdf rkL{ alg;s]sf sf/0f rkL{nfO{ clxn] s|dzM ;fdflhs :t/ / k|lti7fsf] dfkb08sf ?kdf x]g{ yflnPsf] 5 .;lhnf] / rxlsnf] pHofnf] tyf cfw'lgs ;~rf/sf ;fwgx? k|of]u ug]{ ;'ljwf k'u]sf 7fpFx?df hLjg:t/df cfPsf] ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g k|ToIf b]Vg yflnPsf] 5 .
w'jfFdf a;]/ vfgf ksfpFbf cfFvfaf6 lg:sg] cfF;' / z/L/ leq hfg] w'jfFsf] dfqfsf] cg'dfg;Dd ug{ g;lsg] cj:yfjf6 w'jfFaf6 x'g] :jf:Yo ;d:ofnfO{ u|fdL0f hgtfn] a'´g ;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]sf] k|of]u a9\b} / nf]slk|o x'Fb} hfg' g} o;sf] k|ToIf k|df0f xf] . h'g ;fwf/0f r'nf]x¿ eGbf !% b]lv @% k|ltzt;Dd k|efjsf/L 5g\ / #) k|ltzt;Dd o;n] bfp/f sd u/fpg]] hfgsf/L ljj/0fdf pNn]v 5 . of] ;a} s'/fn] s] b]vfpF5 eg] pmhf{ hgr]tgfdf j[l4 Nofpg] k|ToIf / ;zQm dfWod klg xf] . o;sf] c;/ u|fdL0f hgtfsf] :jf:Yo, lzIff, /f]huf/L, /xg;xg cflbdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gaf6 klg b]Vg ;lsG5 .
pmhf{ If]q ;xof]u sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo ;/sf/sf] u/LaL x6fpg] sfo{qmdnfO{ u|fdL0f pmhf{ dfkm{t\ ;xfotf k'¥ofpg' xf] . To;sf nflu o; sfo{s|dn] gofF k|0ffnLx¿sf] ;ª\Vof yKb} hfg] dfq geO{ ;~rfngdf cfpg nfu]sf / cfO;s]sf of]]hgfx¿sf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug'{ / ltgsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ub{} n}hfg'nfO{ cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L :jLsf/]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu cfjZos ;xL k/fdz{bftfsf] klxrfg, lgdf{0fstf{x¿sf] ;"rLs/0f, cfjZos ;/–;fdfgsf] u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f / of]hgfdf ;++nUg x'g] cf}hf/ / ;fdfgx¿sf] ljj/0f / u'0f:t/ klxrfg ug'{ klg sfo{s|dsf lhDd]jf/L leq} kg]{ dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f x'g\ . o;sf ;fy;fy} a]]nfa]]nfdf cfjZos kg]{ tflnd, e|d0f, sfo{zfnf, uf]i7L cflbsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ / g]kfndf ag]sf] k]lN6«s ;]6sf] k/LIf0f / k|df0fLs/0f cflb klg sfo{qmds} cËsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .
s'g} klg cfof]]]hgfnfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf rnfpg], ;+/If0f ug]{ / ljsf; ug]{ sfd hgtfsf] g} xf] . ;kmn ;~rfngaf6 ef}lts pmhf{dfq xf]Og, ;fdflhs / cfly{s pmhf{sf] ;|f]t klg k|fKt x'G5 . pTkfbg ul/Psf] pmhf{sf] 7Ls lsl;daf6 k|of]u ug{ ;Sg' k|ToIf kmfObfsf ;Í]tx¿ x'g\ . s'g} ufpF jf :yfgdf a9L pmhf{ pTkfbg eof] eg]/ lrGtf ug]{ x}g ls c‰ j[l4 ug]{lt/ ;f]Rg' kb{5 . Pp6f b]zn] csf]{ b]znfO{ lah'nL a]Rg] jt{dfg l:yltdf xfdLn] klg pmhf{nfO{ Pp6f uflj;af6 csf]{ uflj; / Pp6f lhNnfaf6 csf]{ lhNnfdf lj:tf/ tyf laqmL ug{;Sg] j:t' agfpg ;S5f}F eg]/ ;DefJotf cWoog ug]{ a]nf eO;s]sf] 5 .