lah'nL 5}g t ljsf; klg 5}g

lah'nL ljgf ljsf; ;Dej 5}g . xfd|f] b]zsf ufpFx¿df lah'nL gk'u];Dd cfly{s, z}lIfs, ;fdflhs s'g} klg ljsf; ug{ ;lhnf] 5}g / ljsf; ePsf] dfGg klg ;lsFb}g . ckf/ hn;|f]tsf] wgL xfd|f] d'n'sdf hnljB't\ pmhf{sf] d'Vo ;|f]t x'g'kg]{ :jfefljs xf] . t/ cfly{s cefj, sd qmozlQm ePsf hgtf / sl7g ef}uf]lns kl/l:yltn] ubf{ /fli6«o k|0ffnLsf] ljB't\ b]zel/ k'¥ofpg w]/} ;do nfU5 . t;y{ b'u{d / ;'ljwfxLg 7fpFdf a:g]x¿nfO{ lah'nLsf] nflu s'/fpg'kg]{ ePsf]n] pgLx¿nfO{ /fli6«o k|0ffnLsf] lah'nLsf] j}slNks Joj:yf ug'{ ckl/xfo{ 5 .
cfly{s ljsf; / hLjg:t/ psf:g ljB't\ zlQm Pp6f clgjfo{ tŒj xf] . lah'nL :t/Lo k|sfzsf] t kof{o g} xf] . s'6\g] lk:g] h:tf zf/Ll/s af]‰ 36fpg] sfdx¿ ug{ nufot sn–sf/vfgf rnfpg / s[lif pkhsf] k|zf]wg ug{nfO{ klg lah'nL cfjZos x'G5 . kmf]g, ˆofS;, OG6/g]6 h:tf cfw'lgs ;~rf/ pks/0fx¿ rnfpg / 6LeL, /]l8of], lel8of], l;g]df h:tf dgf]/~hgsf ;fdfgx¿ k|of]u ug{ klg lah'nL geO{ x'Fb}g . lzIff, :jf:Yo h:t} lah'nL klg Pp6f cfwf/e"t cfjZostf xf] To;}n] ;a}n] ;s];Dd l56f] ljB't ;'ljwf kfpg' h?/L 5 .
cf}Bf]lus d'n'sx¿df vlgh pmhf{sf] ljsNkdf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf ;|f]tx¿ k|of]u ug'{k5{ eGg] cleofgsf] qmddf g]kfndf klg …j}slNks pmhf{Ú -hnljB't\, bfp/f, ;f}o{zlQm OToflb_ sf] cjwf/0ff lelqPsf] xf] . oBlk g]kfnsf] d'Vo pmhf{sf] ;|f]t eg]sf] hnzlQm xf] h;nfO{ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] k+lQmdf /flvPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df j}slNks pmhf{ eGgfn] d"ntM n3' hnljB't\ -!)) lsnf]jf6 eGbf ;fgf]_ uf]a/Uof;, ;f}o{zlQm, bfp/f -;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]]_ a'l‰G5 . jfo', bfp/faf6 Uof; agfpg], e"ue{sf] tfk klg j}slNks pmhf{sf ;|f]t x'g\ . t/ logsf] k|of]u g]kfndf clt Go"g dfqfdf ul/Psf] 5 . Hjf/ef6f tyf ;d'b|L 5fnaf6 lgsfNg ;lsg] pmhf{ klg j}slNks pmhf{sf] >]0fLdf k5{g\ t/ oL pmhf{ ;|f]tx¿ g]kfnsf nflu ;fGble{s 5}gg\ .

nf]slk|o k|ljlw
j}slNks pmhf{x¿dWo] n3' hnljB't\ / uf]a/Uof; g]kfndf lgs} ;kmn ePsf] dflgG5 . clxn];Dd (% xhf/ eGbf a9L kl/jf/n] uf]a/Uof; h8fg ul/;s]sf 5g\ / oLdWo] @% k|ltzt hltn] uf]a/Uof;af6 vfgf ksfpg'sf] ;fy} aQL klg afNg] u/]sf 5g\ . uf]a/Uof; h8fg ug{] s/La $( sDkgLx¿ :yflkt 5g\ / logLx¿n] tLj| k|lt:kwf{df cfˆgf u|fxsx¿nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ . olt w]/} sDkgLx¿ rfn' /xg' of] If]qsf] ;kmntfsf] gd"gf xf] .
o;}u/L n3' hnljB't\df klg g]kfnn] pNn]vgLo k|ult u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;g\ !(^@ b]lv z'? ePsf] elgPsf]df xfn;Dd s/La @))) j6f n3' hnljB't\ u[x :yflkt eO;s]sf / oL of]hgfx¿sf] s'n Ifdtf !#,))) lsnf]jf6 eGbf a9L 5 . o; If]qdf sfo{/t !& j6f n3' hnljB't\ lgdf{0f sDkgLx¿ ePsfn] klg o; If]qsf] ;kmntf, :yfloTj / eljiok|ltsf] ljZjf; b]vfpF5 .
n3' hnljB't\df klg k]lN6«s ;]6sf] nf]slk|otf lgs} a9]sf] 5 . $–% lsnf]jf6;Ddsf oL n3' hnljB't\ k|0ffnLnfO{ yf]/} kfgLn] k'Ug], Ifdtf cg';f/ @–$ 3/b]lv $)–%) 3/nfO{ lah'nL afNg k'Ug] x'Fbf o:tf ;fgf k|0ffnLsf] nf]slk|otf a9\bf] 5 . yf]/} Ifdtfsf] k|0ffnLnfO{ Pp6} 3/n] jf b'O{ rf/ 3/n] ldn]/ nufgL ug{ ;lsg] ePsf]n] klg o;sf] nf]slk|otf a9]sf] xf] . 7"nf n3' hnljB't\sf] h:tf] s'6fgL–lk;fgLsf] sfd o;af6 ug{ g;lsP tfklg o;sf] nf]slk|otf 36]sf] 5}g . ufpFdf 7"nf hnljB't\ :yfkgf ug{ w]/} ;do / /sd nfUg], w]/} dflg;x¿sf] ;xdlt h'6fpg'kg{] ePsfn] ;:tf], rfF8} ;DkGg x'g] / yf]/}sf] dt ldNbf klg :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg] …k]lN6«s ;]6Ú a9L nf]slk|o ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnL k/Dk/fut r'nf]] v'Nnf k|sf/sf] x'g] u/]sfn] o;af6 a9L w'jfF cfpg] / clwsf+z pmhf{ k|of]u x'g'eGbf a9L v]/ hfg] ub{5 . ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]] aGb k|sf/sf] / w'jfFsf] nflu lgsf; ;d]t x'g] ePsfn] sf]7fdf sd w'jfF cfpg] / vfgf ksfpgsf] nflu klg sd bfp/fsf] k|of]u x'G5 . t;y{ ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]]sf] w'jfFn] :jf:Yodf kfg{] gsf/fTds c;/nfO{ sd u/fpg'sf] ;fy} lj:tf/} b'n{e x'Fb} uPsf] bfp/fsf] klg art u5{ .
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]]sf] nflu n3' hnljB't\ / uf]a/Uof;sf] h:tf] a[xt\ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5}g . s]xL ljsf; sfo{qmd / u};; o;sf] k|a4{gdf nfu]sf 5g\ / oL sfo{qmdx¿ k|ToIf cg'bfg lbg]eGbf klg ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]]sf] k|rf/k|;f/ / lgdf{0fsf] k|tLIffdf s]lGb|t 5g\ . ljut ^–& jif{b]lv ;f}o{ zlQmaf6 pTkflbt lah'nL klg lgs} nf]slk|o ePsf] 5 . ?=#)–#% xhf/df Pp6f 3/nfO{ aQL afNg / 6]lnlehg x]g{ k'Ug] k|0ffnL :yfkgf ug{ ;lsG5 . of] lsGgsf] nflu b'u{dtfsf] cfwf/df ?=*))) b]lv ?=!@ xhf/;Dd cg'bfg / Aofª\saf6 C0f ;d]t pknAw x'g] ePsfn] o;sf] nf]slk|otf a9]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df j}slNks pmhf{nfO{ /fli6«o ljB't\ k|0ffnLsf] ljsNkdf lng'kg{] x'G5 . lah'nLjfx]s cGo pmhf{ ;|f]tsf] s'/f u/] tfklg xfdLn] d'Vo pmhf{sf] ;|f]tnfO{ ljB't\ / ljz]iftM /fli6«o ljB'tLo k|0ffnLaf6 k|fKt x'g] ljB't\nfO{ g} lng'kg{] x'G5 . ctM dfly plNnlvt pmhf{ ;|f]tdWo] k|ToIf ljB't\ pTkfbg ug{] ;|f]tx¿nfO{ /fli6«o k|0ffnLsf] lah'nL gcfp~h]nsf] ljsNksf] ¿kdf lng'kg{] x'G5 . s]xL xb;Dd >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] gLltn] klg oxL bzf{pF5 . gq eg] Ps 3/sf] nflu ?=#) b]lv #% xhf/ vr{ u/]/ ;Lldt pkof]lutf ePsf] ;f}o{ zlQmsf] lah'nL h8fg ug'{sf] s'g} cf}lrTo x'Fb}g, lsgeg] sltko 7fpFdf of]eGbf sd d"Nodf /fli6«o k|0ffnLaf6 nfOg tfg]/ ljB'tLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . t;y{ ;f}o{ zlQmsf] lah'nL u|L8 gk'u]sf] 7fpFdf / n3' hnljB't\ x'g g;Sg] 7fpFsf] nflu dfq cg'bfg lbO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ pko'Qm x'g]5 .
g]kfndf c‰} klg k"0f{ ljB'tLs/0fsf] cjwf/0ffn] dfGotf kfPsf] 5}g . clxn];Dd klg g]kfnsf of]hgfsf/ / gLltlgdf{tfx¿n] g]kfnsf] k"0f{ ljB'tLs/0fnfO{ sl7g ef}lts kl/l:ylt ePsfn] k};fn] wfGg} g;Sg] cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] cg'ko'Qm OToflb eg]/ 6fg{] u/]sf 5g\ . cbIf of]hgfsf/ tyf bIf k|fljlwsx¿sf] cefj / s]Gb|df a;]/ /fli6«o :t/sf] of]hgf agfpg]n] o;/L ;f]Rg' :jfefljs xf] lsgeg] pgLx¿sf] b[li6df s]Gb|af6 hlt 6f9f uof] sl7gfO{ plQs} w]/} a9\5 . To;dfly klg s]Gb|af6 hlt 6f9f uof] ljkGgtf plQs} a9\g] ePsfn] nufgLsf] cg'kftdf k|ltkmn sd cfpg] ePsfn] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf o;n] yf]/} dfq ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . o;n] ubf{ /fli6«o:t/sf] ;f]rfOdf
k"0f{ ljB'tLs/0fnfO{ clt sl7g eg]/ kG5fOg]
ul/G5 .

pkfo gePsf] xf]Og
k"0f{ ljB'tLs/0f ug{sf nflu /fli6«o :t/af6 x/]s lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf /fli6«o u|L8 k'¥ofpg] / afFsL lhNnfsf] ljB'tLs/0f lhNnfsf] lhDdfdf lbg'k5{ . o;n] ubf{ sf7df8f}Faf6 b'u{d / hl6n b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿ lhNnf ;b/d'sfdsf] b[li6n] x]bf{ t'ngfTds ¿kdf ;'ud / ;/n x'g'sf] ;fy} sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu :yfgLo g]t[Tj k|lta4 x'g] ePsf]n] sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L x'G5 . ljB'tLs/0fsf] lhDdf lhNnf:t/df ;fg'{sf] ;fy} ljB'tLs/0fdf nufgL ug{ cfly{s Joj:yf klg ug}{kg{] x'G5 . k|rlnt ;f]rfOn] k"0f{ ljB'tLs/0f c;Dej / clt vr{ nfUg] eg] tfklg ;/sf/L :t/af6 jif{sf] @÷# ca{ ?k}ofF nufgL x'g] xf] eg] !)÷!% jif{df k"0f{ ljB'tLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . of] /sd vf;} w]/} xf]Og . of]eGbf w]/} u'0ff a9L k};f xfdL uf]nLu6\7f, af?b, aGb'sdf vr{ ug{ tof/ eO;s]sf 5f}F .
ljB'tLs/0fdf nufgL ug{] /sd xfn ljB't\pkef]u ul//x]sfx¿af6 s]xL yk /sd p7fP/ k|fKt ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . xfn ljB't\pkef]u ul//x]sfx¿ ;'ljwfef]uL x'g\ lsgeg] pgLx¿n] clwsf+z hgtfeGbf w]/} jif{ cufl8b]lv lah'nL pkef]u ub{} cfPsf 5g\ / clwsf+zn] lah'nL gkfp~h]n klg pgLx¿n] lah'nL pkef]u ul//fv]s} x'G5g\ . t;y{ pgLx¿n] lah'nL pkef]u ug{ gkfPsf afFsL hgtfnfO{ lah'nLsf] Joj:yf ug{ clnslt Tofu ug'{ Gofo;Ët x'G5 .
g]kfnsf lah'nL pkef]Qmfx¿n] jif{sf] s/La ?= !) ca{ lah'nLdf vr{ u5{g\ . o;sf] % k|ltzt /sd u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f of j}slNks phf{ sfo{qmdsf nflu 5'6\ofpg] xf] eg] jif{sf] ?= %) s/f]8 p7\5 . lah'nLsf] vktsf] j[l4 ;Fu;Fu} of] /sd a9\b} hfG5 . % k|ltzt cltl/Qm z'Nsaf6 p7\g] /sd dfq k|of]u u¥of] eg] klg @)÷@% jif{df k"0f{ ljB'tLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . yk /sd h'6fPdf t sfd c‰ l56f] x'G5 . xfdL j}slNks pmhf{sf] ljsNksf] s'/f ub{}5f}F eg]/ la;{g] l:yltdf k'u]sf 5f}F . g]kfnsf] d"n pmhf{ g} /fli6«o k|;f/0f k|0ffnLsf] ljB't\ xf] / xfn j}slNks elgPsf k|of;x¿ /fli6«o k|;f/0f k|0ffnL gk'u'~h]nsf] j}slNks Joj:yf jf k|;f/0f k|0ffnL slxNo} klg ghfg] 7fpFx¿sf] nflu lah'nLsf] ljsNksf] ¿kdf lng'k5{ . g]kfnsf] kl/k|]Iodf k"0f{ ljB'tLs/0fsf] cjwf/0ffk|lt k|ltj4 eO{ ;f]xL cg'?k hnljB't\sf] ljsf; / ljt/0f ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 lsgeg] ljB't\ ljgf ljsf; ;Dej 5}g . n