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z/b s]=;L=
æ=== Pp6} sf/df /fhf, d / /fhfsf
tLg} hgf 5f]/fx¿ ;fd|fHo zDz]/sxfF uof}F .
To;tfsf Pp6f kf6L{ ef/tLo b"tfjf;df x'GYof] /
csf]{ ltg}sxfF x'GYof] . Psbd t8se8s ePsf] kf6L{
lbGy] pgL . /S;L kfgLh:tf] aUYof] . hGdlbgsf]
kf6L{Ù To;lbg t ‰g\ s'/} ePg . hg/nx¿
klg lyP . l76Lx¿ klg lyP, /fd|f /fd|f .
clg l8«Í rNof], 8fG; klg x'g yfNof] .
d}n] s] b]v]F eg] ToxfF cZnLntf a9L eO/x]sf] 5 .
/fhf ePsf] 7fpFdf t s]xL ;+od /fVg' kb{5, l8«Ídf
klg ;+od /fVg'kb{5, km]l/ d klg uPsf] lyPF .Æ
clgolGqt dBkfgsf] …k|sf]kÚ
g]kfnsf] tNnf] jf dWod ju{df dfq ;Lldt 5}g eGg] s'/fsf]
Pp6f ‰ns xf] …cfTdj[QfGtdfÚ JoQm
ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] of] j0f{g . !( h]7
@)%* sf] zfxL ;+xf/sf] d'Vo sf/0f /S;L g} lyof] eGg]
s'/f klg k|sfzdf cfO;s]sf] 5 . ;De|fGt ju{sf]
j+z ljgf;sf o:tf 36gfx¿ obfsbf dfq x'g] / ;'lgg]
u/] klg /S;Lsf sf/0f lgDg / dWod juL{o g]kfnL ;dfh
/ kl/jf/n] lgs} 7"nf] Iflt / ;f:tL ef]lu/x]sf]
5 . t/, ;fdflhs, cfly{s, g}lts, :jf:Yo nufotsf
If]qdf lbglbg} ljWj+; dRrfO/x]sf] dlb/fsf] vkt g]kfnL
;dfhdf clxn] klg u'0ffTds lx;fad} a9]sf] 5, 36\g]
;Í]t;Dd 5}g . hg;ª\Vof j[l4b/ ;f9]
b'O{ k|ltzt ePsf] g]kfndf dlb/fsf] pTkfbg j[l4 ;ft
k|ltzt x'g'n] oxL atfpF5, lxhf]eGbf cfh w]/} g]kfnLx¿
/S;L lkpg yfn]sf 5g\, lxhf] b'O{–tLg k]udf lrQ
a'‰fpg]x¿ cfh kfFr–5 k]u g3'6\SofO{
/xg ;Sb}gg\ .
dlb/fkfgM efjgfTds /f]u
dlb/fsf] If]qdf sfo{/t cg';Gwftfx¿
eG5g\, g]kfndf dBkfg Pp6f 7"nf] ;fdflhs / :jf:Yo
;d:of ag]sf] 5 . oxfF s}of}F ;d'bfodf dlb/fnfO{
…hftn] kfPsf]Ú jf …;f+:s[lts ¿kd}
:jLsf/ ul/Psf]Ú 7flgG5 . /, slyt pkNnf]
hflt hf] klxn] lkpFb}gYof], p;n] klg dlb/fnfO{ ;Eotfsf]
k|tLs dfGg yfn]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts / s"6gLlts
If]q clg ef]h–et]/ tyf kf6L{df klg dlb/f g}
cfsif{0f ag]sf] 5 . tyflk, clwsf+z g]kfnLx¿
nf]snfh jf k|lti7fsf] sf/0f /S;Lsf] 3'6\sf] glnO{
lgbfpg g;Sg] eO;s]sf kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ hF8\ofxf cyjf
/S;Lsf] b'Jo{;gdf km;]sf] 7fGg ;Sb}gg\ .
s]xL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfdf ;Da4 /xL dlb/f;DaGwL
cWoog ul//x]sf dfOs qm]lgPs g]kfnsf c:ktfndf k'Ug]
lj/fdLx¿dWo] !% b]lv #) k|ltzt /S;Lsf sf/0f
k|ToIf÷ck|ToIf k|efljt x'g] u/]sf] atfpF5g\ .
dfgl;s c:ktfn nugv]nn] h'nfO{ @))! df u/]sf] cWoogsf
cg';f/, sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbfx¿dWo]
#! k|ltzt dlb/f ;]jg u5{g\ . /, kfFr k|ltzt rflxF
dlb/fsf] s'ntd} kmFl;;s]sf 5g\ . of] cfFs8fn]
dlb/fkfg;DaGwL l;Ëf] d'n'ss} tl:a/nfO{ k|s6 u5{ .
cfTdxTofsf] a9\bf] b/sf k5fl8 /S;Lsf] nt lgs} xb;Dd
lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] s'/f klg ;f] cg';Gwfgaf6 yfxf nfu]sf]
5 . g]kfndf ;du| cfTdxTofsf] b/ )=)! k|ltzt /x]sf]
5 . t/, dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg ug]{dWo] )=! k|ltzt /
dlb/fsf] s'ntd} kmF;]sfx¿dWo] )=^ k|ltztn]
cfTdxTof ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . dfgl;s c:ktfnsf
lgb]{zs 8f= lg/fs/dfg >]i7sf cg';f/, /S;Ln] gsf/fTds
c;/ gk'¥ofpg] z/L/sf] s'g} cË g} 5}g .
5fnf, gª, s]z, d'6', dl:tis, of}g
;a}df /S;Ln] xflg k'¥ofpF5 .Æ 8f= >]i7
eG5g\, æa|fpg ;'u/, lx/f]Og, r/];, h:tf cj}w
/ k|ltalGwt nfu" kbfy{ ;a}sf] ;+o'Qm c;/eGbf
klg a9L / vt/gfs x'G5 dlb/fsf] c;/ .Æ o;afx]s
;fdflhs ;DaGw, g}ltstf / cfly{s Ifo clg kfl/jfl/s
snx, dgf]j}1flgs c;/ / b'3{6gf nufotsf ;d:of t 5Fb}5g\ .
g]kfn afndhb'/ ;/f]sf/ s]Gb| -l;ljg_ sf cg';f/ dlxnflj?4
x'g] lx+;fdWo] !) k|ltzt dlb/fs} sf/0f x'g] u/]sf
5g\ . /, () k|ltzt ;8s b'3{6gf klg To;}n] ubf{
x'G5 .
ljZj :jf:Yo ;Ë7gn] …lgsf]
gx'g] /f]uÚ sf] ;+1f lbPsf] …dlb/fkfg
b'Jo{;gÚ sf] pkrf/df ;+nUg g]kfnsf s]xL k'g:yf{kg
s]Gb|x¿n] /S;L;Fusf] k|f/lDes ;Dks{nfO{ klxnf]
r/0f / v'nf ¿kdf /S;Lkfg ug{ yfNg'nfO{ bf];|f]
r/0fdf /fVg] u/]sf 5g\ . bf];|f] r/0f;Dd k'u]sfx¿n]
/S;LnfO{ jzdf /fVg / rfx] /f]Sg klg ;S5g\ . t/,
Tof]eGbf a9L vfg]nfO{ …b'?kof]u r/0fÚ
/ clGtdnfO{ …s'ntÚ eGg] ul/G5 .
bf];|f] / t];|f] r/0fdf k|j]z ul/;s]sfx¿ /S;Lsf
/f]uL x'g\ . æt/ d /S;Ljfh x'F eg]/ pgLx¿n]
klg :jLsfb}{gg\,Æ cf;/f ;'wf/ s]Gb|sf k/fdz{bftf
ljgf]b cof{n eG5g\, ælsgls lkoSs8x¿sf]
ljz]iftf g} /S;L vfg'sf] axfgf jf 5f]8\g ;Sg] ts{
lbg ;Sg' xf] . /S;L vfg dg nfUg' g} /f]u xf]
eGg] pgLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5}g .Æ
efjgfTds /f]u ePsf]n] o;sf] dgf]j}1flgs
pkrf/ ug'{k5{ . dlb/f tyf nfu" cf}ifw b'Jo{;gLsf]
pkrf/ ul//x]sf] o'y lehgsf k/fdz{bftf ljho kf08] eG5g\,
æs;}nfO{ b'Jo{;gd'Qm kfg{ y'Ss d}n] a]sf/ vfP5'
eGg] kfg{ ;Sg'k5{, cf}iflw u/]/ dfq x'Fb}g .Æ
j+zf0f'ut u'0f, kfl/jfl/s jf JolQmut
snx / c;Gt'li6, hftLo jf ;fdflhs ;+:sf/ Pj+ k/Dk/f,
cjr]tgf, pT;'stf / ;Ëtn] g} g]kfnLx¿ dlb/fkfgsf]
ntdf km:g yfN5g\ eGg] cg';Gwftf qm]lgPssf] 7DofO 5 .
dlb/fsf] ;j{;'netf o;df yk ;xof]uL ag]sf] 5 .
k/fdz{bftf kf08] To;k|lt Joª\Uo ub}{ eG5g\, æcf}iflw
k;nafx]s ca ;j{q kfpg ;lsg] …cTofjZos j:t'Ú
eO;Sof] dlb/f ÛÆ
pkrf/ klg 5
dlb/fsf] kx'Fr of pknAwtf b]zJofkL
5, t/ pkrf/ / ;Nnfx -sfplG;lnª_ sf] ;'ljwf rflxF
sf7df8f}Fdf dfqÙ Tof] klg ;Lldt dfqfdf 5 .
o'y lehg, ;]G6 h]leo;{ ;fdflhs ;]jf s]Gb| / cf;/f
;'wf/ s]Gb| nfu" cf}ifw / dlb/fsf b'Jo{;gLx¿nfO{
pkrf/ k'¥ofpg] ;+:yfx¿ x'g\ . oL s]Gb|x¿df
;DkGg, a'l4hLjL / cToGt} tLI0f lbdfusf JolQmx¿
klg pkrf/ u/fpg cfpF5g\ . t/, kl/jf/ / ;fyL;FuLsf]
;xof]u tyf ;Da4 JolQmsf] c7f]6 lagf b'Jo{;g 5'6fpg
g;lsg] k/fdz{bftfx¿ atfpF5g\ .
k'g:yf{kg s]Gb|x¿n] cfTdan
a9fpg] dgf]j}1flgs pkrf/x¿ ug]{ u5{g\ .
ToxfF Wofg / of]usf ;fy} b}lgs hLjgnfO{ lgoldt / cg'zfl;t
t'Nofpg] k|of; ul/G5 . cf;/fsf k/fdz{bftf ljgf]bsf]
cg'ej 5, ægq hLjgdf Ps g Ps lbg 6]G;g eOxfN5,
km]l/ vfOxfN5g\ .Æ lj1x¿sf cg';f/
jiff}{F;Dd /S;L 5f]l8;s]sf] dfG5]n] …clnslt
vfOlbpF gÚ eg]/ vfof] eg] p;nfO{ km]l/ k'/fg}
ntn] ;dfT5 / lgoldt vfg yfN5 . pgL eG5g\,
æTo:tf JolQmn] cfkm";Fu dlb/fsf] /f]u 5
eGg] a'‰]/ slxNo} vfg'x'Fb}g . of] 3fts
/f]u xf] / vfg yfn]kl5 dfqf a9\b} hfG5 .Æ
/fhwfgLsf pkrf/ of k'g:yf{kg s]Gb|x¿n]
dfl;s ?=# xhf/b]lv % xhf/;Dd z'Ns lnP/ …lj/fdLÚ
nfO{ s]Gb|d} /fV5g\ . t/ la8Dagf s] 5 eg], lgDg
ju{sf] …lj/fdLÚ olt /sd ltg{ g;Sg] sf/0f
ToxfFsf] pkrf/af6 jl~rt x'G5 eg] wgLdfgL lj/fdLnfO{
nf]snfhn] ToxfF a:g lbFb}g . o'y lehg uPsf Ps
k"j{ ;x;lrj b'O{lbgd} kms]{sf lyP . pkrf/kl5
nt 5'6]sfx¿ jf cfkm}Fn] 5f]8]sfx¿ rflxF
lgoldt ¿kdf …cNsf]xf]lns Pgf]lgd; ldl6ªÚ
df hfg] u5{g\, h;nfO{ …e"tk"j{ hF8\ofxfx¿sf]
SnjÚ klg eGg ;lsG5 . To:tf] ldl6ª
kf6g c:ktfn / cfo'j]{b :jf:Yo lSnlgs 7d]ndf xKtfdf
b'O{ k6s x'G5g\ . æo:tf] e]63f6n] ltgnfO{
cfkm" /S;Lsf] /f]uL x'F eGg] ;D‰fO/xG5
/ ‰:sfO/xG5 . clg To;sf] ;fdgf ug]{ af6f]
b]vfpF5,Æ qm]lgPsn] atfP .
tL ldl6ªx¿df s]xL ljb]zL
dlxnfx¿ uP klg g]kfnLx¿ rflxF hfFb}gg\ .
dlxnfx¿sf] Pp6f 5'§} ;d"x cfjZos
/x]sf] pgsf] a'‰fO 5 . dfgl;s c:ktfnsf]
cg';Gwfg cg';f/, sf7df8f}Fdf dlb/f ;]jg ug]{x¿dWo]
k|To]s ^ hgfdf ! hgf dlxnf e]l6Psf 5g\ .
lgoGq0f cfjZos
dlb/fsf] sf/f]af/ / vktsf cfwf/df
of] If]qaf6 >L % sf] ;/sf/n] jflif{s ?= % ca{eGbf
a9L /fh:j c;'n ug]{ l:ylt b]lvG5 . of] pBf]u
/ Joj;fodf kfFr xhf/n] k|ToIf / Ps nfvn] ck|ToIf /f]huf/L
kfPsf] cg'dfg ul/G5 . /S;L lao/sf vfnL l;;L -sjf8L_
sf] dfq jflif{s ?= %) s/f]8sf] sf/f]af/ x'G5 .
/, dlb/f pBf]udf ‰08} ?= ^ ca{sf] :jb]zL / ?=!
ca{sf] ljb]zL nufgL 5 .
g]kfndf /S;L / ljo/sf] pTkfbg jflif{s
;ft k|ltztn] j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . Ps bzscl3 lao/sf]
pTkfbg Ps s/f]8 ln6/ /x]sf]df clxn] ;fF9] b'O{ s/f]8
k'u]sf] 5 . To:t} ;f]xL cjlwdf @^ nfv @^ xhf/
ln6/ pTkfbg ePsf] /S;L clxn] $@ nfv ln6/ gf3]sf] 5 .
g]zgn 6«]l8ªn] of] cfly{s jif{sf 5 dlxgfdf
‰08} ?= ^ s/f]8 %) nfvsf] ljb]zL dlb/f / r'/f]6
cfoft u/]sf] 5 . t/, dlb/f Joj;foLx¿n]
s/ k|of]hgsf nflu cflwsfl/s ?kdf pknAw u/fPsf] cfFs8feGbf
w]/} a9L dlb/f b]zdf pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] cg'dfg :jo+
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿sf] klg 5 . c;Ël7t
jf 3/]n' pTkfbgsf] kl/df0f / d"No b'j} cg'dfg
ug{ sl7g 5 . ;Ël7t If]qsf dlb/f Joj;foLx¿sf]
cg'dfgdf g]kfnsf 3/3/df jif]{lg rf/ s/f]8 ln6/ /S;L
cj}w 9Ën] pTkfbg x'G5 . /fh:j lt/]/ pTkfbg
x'g] dlb/f klg clgolGqt 5 . ;jf b'O{ s/f]8 hg;ª\Vof
/x]sf] g]kfndf ‰08} !) s/f]8 ln6/ pTkfbg Ifdtf
ePsf lao/–/S;L pBf]u 5g\ . s;sf] lglDt,
slta]nf, slxn] / slt;Dd /S;L laqmL ljt/0f / pTkfbg
ug]{ eGg] ljifodf dlb/f Joj;foL cfkm}Fn] Joj:yfkg
u/]sf t kfOFb}g, kfOFb}g, ;/sf/n] klg u/]sf] 5}g .
ePsf P]g sfg"gsf] klg sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g .
;/sf/n] ljB'tLo ;~rf/dfWoddf dlb/fsf]
lj1fkg k|;f/0fdf /f]s nufP/ cfˆgf] st{Jo k"/f
u/]sf] 7fg]sf] 5 . t/, dlb/fsf Joj;foL / kf/vLx¿
To;} a;]sf 5}gg\ . o;sf] vkt a9fpg Joj;foLx¿n]
s}of}F /rgfTds pkfo / …l:sdÚ nfu"
ul//x]sf 5g\ . zx/x¿df …dlb/f uf8]{gÚ
/ …dlb/f dfs]{6Ú dfq v'n]sf 5}gg\, s;n]
a9L k]u jf af]tn l/Tofpg ;S5 eGg] vfnsf k|lt:kwf{
;d]t x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . pkef]Qmf d~r g]kfn, sf7df8f}Fsf
cWoIf lbn/Tg zfSo æpkef]Qmfsf] :jf:Yodfly v]njf8
ug'{x'Fb}g, /S;Lsf] ahf/ Joj:yfkgdf ;/sf/n] Wofg lbg'k5{Æ
t eG5g\, t/ pgsf] ;+:yfn] klg o;tkm{ s'g} kxn u/]sf]
rflxF kfOFb}g . dlb/f lgoGq0fsf] lglDt b]zsf
ljleGg efudf dlxnf cfGbf]ng / dfcf]jfbL afx]s cGo
If]qaf6 ax;;Dd u/]sf] kfOFb}g . qmf]lgPs eG5g\,
æg]kfndf of] ;d:of dlxnfsf] dfq} xf] ls h:tf]
ePsf] 5 .Æ
8f= >]i7 rflxF dlb/f pTkfbsx¿
zlQmzfnL ePsfn] To;f] ePsf] x'g;Sg] 7fG5g\ .
æpgLx¿n] g} /fh:j lbG5g\,Æ pgL
eG5g\, æpgLx¿s} cfsif{s xf]l8{ª
af]8{x¿ 5g\ . gq hg:jf:Yosf] ;jfndf ;/sf/
uDeL/ x'g'kg]{ lyof] .Æ 8f= nLnfgfy ;'j]bLn]
n]v]sf] dlb/f / o;sf c;/ lstfadf g]kfnLx¿n]
/S;L vfg] qmddf jflif{s ?= %) ca{ vr{ ug]{ u/]sf]
pNn]v 5 . h'g g]kfnsf] jflif{s ah]6sf] cfwf xf] .
Tolt dfq xf]Og, dlb/fsf] clgolGqt vktsf nflu g]kfnLx¿n]
g}lts, ;fdflhs, dfgjLo d"No k|z:t dfqfdf r'sfO/x]sf
5g\ . pkrf/ u/fO/x]sf eQmk'/sf Ps dlb/f;]jL eG5g\,
æ;/sf/n] Wofg lbg'k5{ . xfdL h:tf s}of}F
g]kfnL aaf{b eP, ca Tof] qmd /f]lsg'k5{ .Æ
g]kfnL ;dfhdf JofKt unt wf/0ff, cGwljZjf;
/ ?9LjfbL ;+:sf/n] klg dlb/f c/fhstfnfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofPsf]
5 . dlb/fn] lkpg]nfO{ dfq xf]Og, kl/jf/, ;dfh
/ b]znfO{ g} l;WofpFb}5 . ljho eG5g\, æg
t b]znfO{ lrGtf 5 g ;dfhnfO{ . of] t ;d:of xf]
eGg] efg klg k/]sf] 5}g .Æ g]kfn a;fOFsf]
qmddf cd]l/sL gful/s qm]lgPsn] klg g]kfnLn] unt ;+:sf/
/ k/Dk/f TofUg'kg]{ dx;"; u/]sf 5g\ . æg]kfn
;a} s'/fdf wgL 5 . ;+:sf/ 5, ;+:s[lt klg 5, dlnnf]
df6f] / jftfj/0f 5, ljljw hflt, wd{ / k/Dk/f 5g\ .
7"N7"nf 3/, ;8s / af6f] tLj| ultdf aGb}5g\ .
s] 5}g g]kfndf <Æ pgL eG5g\, æt/ g]kfnLx¿sf]
;f]rfOdf kl/jt{g h?/L 5 .Æ
of] s'/f ;/sf/sf] xsdf klg nfu"
x'G5 . cJojl:yt dlb/f ahf/k|lt cfFvf lrlDnP/
;/sf/n] clxn] h:t} k|f]T;flxt ul//xg] xf] eg] g]kfn
dlb/f–cfl>t cy{tGqsf] b]z t aGnf g} ;Fu;Fu}
g]kfnLsf] kl/ro klg …;"o{ c:t, g]kfn d:tÚ
dfq g/xL …lbpF;} d:tÚ x'g klg ;S5 .
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