|
.
ls/0f g]kfn÷d's'n x'dfufOF
nlntk'/sf] s';'GtLdf /x]sf] afUdtL
c~rn oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{nosf] …df]6/;fOsn kmfF6Ú
;w}F Jo:t /xG5 . gxf];\ klg s;/L, k|To]s lbg
cf};t &) j6f df]6/;fOsn ;f] sfof{nodf btf{ x'g]
u/]sf] 5 . otf sf7df8f}Fsf] Jo:t ;8sdf cfFvf
nufpg] xf] eg] klg s]xL jif{cl3sf] t'ngfdf /fhwfgLdf
df]6/;fOsnsf a|f08 / ;ª\Vof a9]sf] ;xh} cg'dfg
nufpg ;lsG5 .
s'g} ;do ljnfl;tfsf] ;fwgdf u0fgf
x'g] df]6/;fOsn cfhef]ln w]/}sf] cfjZostf alg;s]]sf]
5 . df]6/;fOsn s;}sf nflu oftfoftsf] ;lhnf] dfWod
ag]sf] 5 t s;}sf nflu ;f]v . kl5Nnf lbgdf df]6/;fOsn
/ :s'6/ r9\g] dlxnf / lszf]/Lx¿sf] ;ª\Vof
klg lgs} a9]sf] 5 . clxn] g]kfnsf ;8sdf @=! nfv
df]6/;fOsn u'l8/x]sf 5g\ .
ljut s]xL jif{ otf g]kfnL ahf/df ePsf] lrlgofF df]6/;fOsnsf]
cfudgn] ef/tLo df]6/;fOsn dfq} rnfO/fv]sf g]kfnL pkef]Stfx¿nfO{
5gf]6sf] cj;/ klg lbPsf] 5 . g]kfnL ahf/df /x]sf
df]6/;fOsnnfO{ tLg >]0fLdf afF8\g ;lsG5M nSh/L÷ˆofzG8,
PlShSo'6Le / Osf]gf]dL . afOs 5fGbf / lsGbf Osf]gf]dL
tyf PlShSo'6Lejfnfx¿ d"No, OGwg, laqmLkZrft\sf]
;]jf, :k]o/kf6{\;sf] pknAwtf, l/–;]n Eofn' cflb
;a} s'/fsf] ljrf/ u5{g\ eg] nSh/L / km]zgjfnfx¿
afOssf] df]8n / To;sf] kkm{d]G; dfq} x]5{g\ .
Plnldg]6/ cflb nSh/L÷ˆofzG8 >]0fLdf
k5{g\ eg] l;lah]8÷kN;/ PlShSo'6Le >]0fLdf .
:Kn]08/, jfOaLPS;, ahfh qmf]df / aS;/ Osf]gf]dL >]0fLdf
ulgG5g\ .
oftfoft Joj:yf ljefusf cg';f/ ljut kfFr jif{ otfsf]
g]kfnL df]6/;fOsn ahf/ jif]{lg cf};t #) k|ltztn] al9/x]sf]
5 . cfly{s jif{ @)%^÷)%& df g]kfnel/
!(&%% j6f df]6/;fOsn btf{ ePsf lyP eg] cfj )%&÷)%*
df @(@(! . cfj )%*÷)%( df g]kfnel/ #*%@@
df]6/;fOsn btf{ x'gk'u] . -x]=aS;_
oltv]/ cfGtl/s /fh:j kl/rfngsf] k|d'v
;|f]t aGg k'u]sf] 5, df]6/;fOsn . df]6/;fOsnnfO{
;jf{lws eG;f/ ltg]{ j:t'sf ¿kdf ulgg yfn]sf]
5 . Pp6f df]6/;fOsnsf] eG;f/ dx;'n ‰08}
?= @% xhf/ k5{ . o; lx;fan] ;f] /sd dfl;s %%
s/f]8 x'G5 . o;sf] laqmLdf nfUg] Eof6, v/Lb d"Nosf]
Ps k|ltzt btf{ z'Ns, /lhi6«]zg / of] Jofkf/af6
hfg] cfos/ cflbsf] lx;fa t cnUu} 5 . ahfhsf]
clws[t laqm]tf x+;/fh x'nf;rGb P08 sDkgLsf sfo{sf/L
lgb]{zs z]v/ uf]N5f eG5g\, ædf]6/;fOsnsf] Jofkf/af6
dfq} dlxgfsf] Ps ca{ /fh:j p7\g] u5{ .Æ
ef/tLo df]6/;fOsnsf] babaf
g]kfndf z'?sf lbgdf hfkfgdf ag]sf
df]6/;fOsn a9L k|of]u x'Gy] . t/ ef/tdf df]6/;fOsnsf]
pTkfbg;Fu} qmdzM g]kfndf hfkfgL df]6/;fOsn lj:yflkt
x'Fb} uP . clxn] g]kfnL df]6/;fOsn ahf/sf] *)
k|ltzt :yfg ef/tLo df]6/;fOsnn] cf]u6]sf] 5 .
lx/f]xf]08fsf clws[t laqm]tf :ofsf/
sDkgLsf lgb]{zs nIdL/Tg t'nfw/ eG5g\, æz'? z'?df
hfkfgL df]6/;fOsn cfPsf] xf], t/ Tof] dxFuf] ePsf
sf/0f kl5 cfPsf] ef/tLo afOsn] ahf/ lj:tf/ ub}{ uof] .
;fy} >L % sf] ;/sf/n] tf]]s]sf] k|b'if0fsf] dfkb08
k"/f ug{ g;s]sfn] klg kl5 hfkfgL df]6/;fOsn cfpg
aGb eP .Æ
g]kfndf lx/f]xf]08f ;g\ !(*^ df cfPsf] xf] .
To;cl3 Tolta]nf qmdzM O08f] ;'h'sL / /fhb"t elgg]
clxn]sf l6leP; ;'h'sL / P:s6{\; ofdfxf u/L b'O{yl/
ef/tLo df]6/;fOsn dfq ahf/df lyP .
hlta]nf hfkfgdf ag]sf] xf]08f–l;hLsf]
d"No ?=(# xhf/ lyof] Tolta]nf e/v/ cfPsf] lx/f]xf]08f–l;8L
!)) sf] ?=@( xhf/ dfq} kb{Yof] . z'?b]lv g} g]kfndf
lx/f]xf]08fn] kmf]/ :6«f]s df]6/;fOsn NofPsf]
xf] .
t'nfw/sf cg';f/, g]kfnL ahf/df clxn] lx/f]xf]08f a|f08sf
df]6/;fOsnsf] lx:;f $) k|ltzt 5 / dlxgfsf] *)) b]lv
Psxhf/ afOs laqmL x'G5 .
ef/tLo df]6/;fOsnsf] a|f08 nf]oN6L
5 . t/ casf] l:yltdf a|f08 nf]oN6L dfq} 5 eg]/
k'Ub}g, gofF df]8n klg lbg' k5{ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf
lrlgofF df]6/;fOsnsf] h:t} ljz]iftf ePsf ef/tLo df]6/;fOsnx¿
ahf/df cfPsf 5g\ . uPsf] b'O{ jif{ otf ef/tLo
sDkgLsf nSh/L÷ˆofzG8 / PlShSo'l6e >]0fLsf
df]6/;fOsn klg ahf/df b]Vg kfOPsf 5g\ . vf;u/L
o'jfx¿df‰ ;LaLh]8, Kof;g, kN;/, PlndLg]6/,
OG6fO;/ cflb nSh/L÷ˆofzG8 >]0fLsf df]6/;fOsn
a9L nf]slk|o 5g\ . t/ laqmL rflxF Osf]gf]dL >]0fLsf
:Kn]08/, Soflna/, jfOaLPS;sf] g} a9L x'G5 .
lrlgofF df]6/;fOsnsf] af9L
;Lldt ef/tLo df]6/;fOsnx¿sf]
dfq babaf /x]sf] g]kfnL ahf/sf] kl/b[Zodf rLgdf ag]sf
df]6/;fOsnsf] k|j]zn] PsfPs kl/jt{g NofPsf] 5 .
h;sf] k|d'v sf/0fdf df]6/;fOsnsf] cfsf/b]lv o;df /x]sf
…PS:6«f lkmr/Ú x¿ dflgPsf
5g\ . g]kfnL pkef]Stfx¿n] slxNo} yfxf
gkfPsf / gb]v]sf ;]Nkm :6f6{, l8:s a|]s, Pnf]o XjLn
-kmfOe :kf]S;_, ;ˆ6 ;fO8nfO6, kfl;ª nfO6
h:tf ;+oGqx¿b]lv lnP/ l/df]6af6 :6f6{ cg /
ckm x'g];Ddsf ;'ljwf ePsf lrlgofF df]6/;fOsn xfn ahf/df
5g\ . ;Lldt ;'ljwf ePsf df]6/;fOsn k|of]u ul//fv]sf
g]kfnL pkef]Stfx¿df‰ log} ljz]iftfsf
sf/0f lrlgofF df]6/;fOsn nf]slk|o x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf klxnf] k6s rfOlgh afOssf]
cfudg ;g\ !(** df ePsf] xf] . Toltv]/ #@ j6f
lhGkm' gfds afOs dufOPsf] lyof] . To;sf] kfFr
jif{kl5 ;g\ !((# df lhoflnª NofOof] . of]
g} lhGkm' kl5 cfPsf] klxnf] lrlgofF afOs lyof] .
clxn] ahf/df ePsf lrlgofF df]6/;fOsndWo]
lhoflnª, 8fofª / lnkmfg, xf6{kmf]8{, lhPg
;'h'sL, lhP8f, nlG;g, u]ln, lkmp8, hf]G;]g, df]6f]cKkf,
loªofª cflb gfd rn]sf / laqmL x'g] a|f08
x'g\ . logLx¿sf] cfˆg} :t/Lo js{zkx¿
klg ;~rfngdf 5g\ . lhoflnªn] t Go'd]l6s
js{zk g} rnfPsf] 5 . cfˆgf u|fxsnfO{ b'O{b]lv
tLg 306fd} /fd|f] ;le{l;ª lbg ;Sg] bfaL lhoflnªsf]
5 . rLgdf ag]sf ‰08} #) j6f a|f08sf df]6/;fOsn
clxn] ahf/df /x]sf 5g\ . lrlgofF afOsdf ;a}eGbf
7"nf] lnkmfgn] @%) l;;Lsf] afOs dufpg] u/]sf]
5 . ahf/df xfn pknAw !)) l;;Lb]lv @%) l;;L;Ddsf
lrlgofF afOsx¿sf] d"No ?= &) xhf/b]lv
@ nfv #% xhf/;Dd kb{5 .
lrlgofF df]6/;fOsnx¿ g]kfnL
;8s ;'xfpFbf 5}gg\ eGg] ts{ klg ;'lgG5g\ . u|fxsx¿sf]
lrlgofF df]6/;fOsnx¿df Hofbf ;d:of cfPsf] u'gf;f]
klg ;'lgG5 . c‰} klg o;sf] :k]o/kf6{;\
gkfOg] xf] ls eGg] lrGtfn] ltgnfO{ 3]/]sf] 5 .
lhoflnª df]6/;fOsnsf] clws[t laqm]tf ;'ug 6«]l8Ësf
k|aGw lgb]{zs u0f]zk|;fb pkfWofo klg of] s'/fnfO{
:jLsf5{g\ / eG5g\ ælrlgofF afOs lrlgofF
;8s;Fu ldNbf] u/L ag]sf 5g\ . ef/tsf] eGbf rLgsf
…O06]l/o/Ú ;8sx¿ /fd|f 5g\ .
/km ;8sx¿df lrlgofF afOsx¿nfO{ clns
cK7]/f] k5{ .Æ l/;]n Eofn' x'gsf nflu a|f08
:yflkt x'g'k5{ h'g ef/tLo afOsx¿sf] 5 .
t/ of] ljz]iftf lrlgofF df]6/;fOsndf 5}g .
ljutdf lrlgofF afOsx¿sf] laqmL
kZrftsf ;]jfx¿df b]lvPsf] ;d:of g} o;sf] a|f08
:yflkt ug{ g;Sg'sf] k|d'v sf/0f ag]sf] lyof] .
…zf]–?d ljhg];Ú dfq} eP/ laqmLkZrft\sf]
;le{l;ªsf] ;]jf lbg g;s]sf sf/0f lrlgofF afOssf]
5lj g/fd|/L lau|g k'Uof] . :6f/ OG6/Gofzgn lnld6]8sf
lgb]{zs ljGb'/Tg t'nfw/ eG5g\, æxfdLn] a|fG8
lalN8Ëdf vr{ ug{ ;s]sf 5}gf}F, To;sf] c;/ ahf/df
lrlgofF df]6/;fOsnsf] 5ljdf k/]sf] 5 .Æ
pkfWofosf cg';f/, ljlzi6 cfsif{0fn] g} clxn];Dd gf}
xhf/ hlt lhoflnª a]lr;lsPsf] 5 . pgL eG5g\,
æjflif{s !@)) a]Rg] nIo xfdLn] lnPsf 5f}F .Æ
/fa/]g O06/g]zgnsL sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
ljlgtf k|wfgsf] egfOdf lrlgofF df]6/;fOsnk|ltsf] u'gf;f]df
lrlgofF j:t'x¿ cfkm}Fdf cGoqsf] t'ngfdf OGkm]l/o/
eGg] efjgfn] a9L sfd u/]sf] 5 . s/La b'O{ jif{cl3
dfq} df]6/;fOsnsf] Jofkf/df cfPsf] /fa/]g OG6/g]zgnn]
ahf/df !)) l;;Lb]lv !%)–* l;;L;Ddsf loªofª
df]6/;fOsnx¿ ?=*$ xhf/ &)) b]lv ! nfv $#
xhf/ &)) ;Dddf a]lr/fv]sf] 5 . k|wfg elG5g\,
æloªofª a|f08sf df]6/;fOsnx¿
k|ltdlxgf ^) sf] ;ª\Vofdf laqmL eO/x]sf] 5 .Æ
loªofª df]6/;fOsn ahf/df
ˆo'n ;]leª l8efO;]; nfu]sf] Ps dfq df]6/;fOsn
/x]sf] bfaL /fa/]g O06/g]zgnsf] 5 . loªofªsf]
!%) l;;Lsf] afOs Psdfq 8\o'on l8:s a|]s ;lxtsf] df]6/;fOsn
xf] . k|wfg elG5g\, æxfdL df]6/;fOsnsf]
Jofkf/df lgSs} kl5 cfPsf xf}F t/ of] 5f]6f] ;dofjlwdf
klg /fd|f] :yfgdf 5f}F . ahf/ cWoogkZrft\ dfq}
cfPsf xf}F, g ls lrlgofF df]6/;fOsndf /fd|f] d'gfkmf
5, eg]/ .Æ
tfOjfg tyf rLgdf ag]sf ljleGg a|f08sf
df]6/;fO{sn l‰sfpg] d08nf cf]e/l;hsf ldn]Gb|/fh
t'nfw/ eG5g\, ælrlgofF afOssf] laqmL u|fxsn]
u|fxsnfO{ l/km/ u/]/ eO/x]sf] 5 .Æ pgsf
cg';f/ 8fofª, xf6{kmf]8{ / 6fO;g u/L dlxgfdf
@)) b]lv @%) df]6/;fOsnx¿ laqmL x'g] u/]sf]
5 . ahf/df /x]sf tfOjfgL afOsx¿df xf6{kmf]8{,
lsDsf] / P8\ln 5g\ . sf]l/ofsf afOsx¿df
x';'ª / 8]lnd 5g\ . ;'h'sLsf ;a} afOsx¿
clxn] rLgaf6 cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
rLgsf] rf]ªlsªdf dfq} df]6/;fOsnsf
!^ j6f sf/vfgf 5g\ . g]kfn lelqPsf lnkmfg, hf]G5]g,
nlG;g tyf lhoflnª oL ;a} rf]ªlsªd}
aG5g\ . jif{sf] b'O{k6s rLgsf] UjfG‰fpdf
nfUg] Sof06g km]o/df k|foM ;a} h;f] lrlgofF df]6/;fOsn
pTkfbsx¿n] cfˆgf] pTkfbgsf] k|bz{gL u/]sf
x'G5g\ . clk|nsf] !%–#) / cS6f]a/sf] !%–#)
df nfUg] of] km]o/df g]kfnLx¿sf] klg ;xeflutf
x'G5 / cGo j:t'‰}F df]6/;fOsnsf] cfsf/ k|sf/
/ cfjZostfsf] 7x/ x'G5 .
u|fxs tfGg xf]8afhL
g]kfnL ahf/df sDkgLx¿df‰
u|fxs cfslif{t ug]{ /fd|} k|lt:kwf{ rn]sf] 5 .
Jofkf/Lx¿ d'n'ssf] cy{tGq cf]/fnf] nfUb} uPsf]
cj:yfdf ;d]t laqmL a9fpg cg]sg\ k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ .
laqmL k|j4{g sfo{qmd cGtu{t ofdfxf / lx/f]xf]08fn]
cfˆgf u|fxsx¿ dWo]af6 s]xLnfO{ nSsL 8«df
5fg]/ qmdzM hfkfg / l;Ëfk'/sf] zo/ u/fPsf] 5 .
y'k|} sDkgLx¿n] ;f]‰} Sof; l8:sfp06sf]
Joj:yf u/]sf 5g\ . s]xL ;do klxn] sfjf;fsL ahfh
/ lhoflnªn] df]6/;fOsn;Fu} l6eL, lk|mh cflb lbPsf
lyP . 7"nf rf8kj{sf a]nfdf lbOg] km]l:6e
l8:sfp06 t eO{ g} /x]sf] 5 .
/fa/]g O06/g]zgnn] loªofª df]6/;fOsn laqmL
k|j4{gdf z"Go k|ltzt Jofhdf ls:tfaGbL sfo{qmd
z'? u/]sf] 5 . cf7 dlxgfcl3 z'? ul/Psf] o; sfo{qmddf
z'?df Psd'i6 /sd ;d]t a'‰fpg' gkg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf]
5 .
kL cf/ 6«]8;{ P08 ;Knfo;{sf
s?0f >]i7sf] egfOdf z'?–z'?df df]6/;fOsnsf]
Jofkf/df #) b]lv $) k|ltztsf] dflh{gdf dflg;x¿n]
lgs} k};f agfP klg clxn] b]vf k/]sf] s8f k|lt:kwf{n]
d'gfkmfsf] b/nfO{ lgSs} sd ul/lbPsf] 5 .
k|lt:kwf{sf] kmfObf u|fxsnfO{
g]kfnL ahf/df lrlgofF, tfOjfgL / sf]l/ofnL
df]6/;fOsnsf] cfudgn] ef/tLo df]6/;fOsnsf] ahf/ k|efljt
ePsf] 5 . ef/tLo df]6/;fOsn pTkfbsx¿ lgs}
;ts{ x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . lrlgofF afOssf] cfudgaf6
tl;{Psf ef/tLo pTkfbsx¿n] lrlgofF afOssf s]xL
df]8n lsg]/ nu]sf atfOG5 . ;'ug O06/k|fOh]hsf
pkfWofo eG5g\, ælx/f]xf]08fn] lhoflnªsf]
h]Pr !@% hL df]8n lnP/ uPsf] lyof] eg] P:s6{n] hf]ª5]gsf]
hLk:6f/ lnP/ uPsf] lyof] .Æ t/ kl5Nnf lbgdf
ef/tLo afOsx¿ /fd|f x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . ltgsf]
cfsf/ klg 7"nf] / ;'ljwfdf klg j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf]
5
clxn] g} df]6/;fOsn cg';f/ o;df cfjZos
ljleGg ;+oGqx¿ h8fg x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . s'g}
lbg o:tf] gcfpnf eGg] 5}g hxfF df]6/;fOsn laqm]tfn]
u|fxsnfO{ p;sf] cfjZostf cg';f/sf ;+oGq h8fg ug]{
cK;g lbg yfNg]5 .
df]6/;fOsnsf] Joj;fon] :yflkt ?k lnFb} hfFbf o;sf
:yfgLo laqm]tfx¿n] xfnsf lbgdf …Eofn'
P8]8 ;le{;Ú sf] cjwf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ .
ahfhsf] laqm]tf x+;/fh x'nf;rGbn] s]xL dlxgfcl3 Knfg]6
ahfh gfds cTofw'lgs ;le{l;Ë ;]G6/ vf]n]sf] lyof]
eg] hfOlnËn] To:t} k|sf/sf] ;]G6/ xfn} z'? u/]sf]
5 .
utjif{ ‰08} k|ltdlxgf tLg xhf/sf]
xf/fxf/Ldf d'n'sdf lelqg] df]6/;fOsnx¿ rfn'
cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] 5 dlxgfe/ dfl;s sl/a @@)) df
‰/]sf] 5, h;dWo] !*)) ef/tLo / $)) cGo df]6/;fOsn
k5{g\ . rf/–kfFr dlxgf otf cy{tGqdf 5fPsf]
lzlyntfsf] rk]6fdf k/L df]6/;fOsn ahf/ klg v:s]sf]
xf] . o;afx]s ut jif{b]lv yk ul/Psf] !) k|ltzt
;'/Iff s/sf] sf/0f d"No j[l4 x'g' klg laqmL k|efljt
x'g] csf]{ k|d'v sf/0f aGof] . x+;/fh x'nf;rGbsf
z]v/ uf]N5f eG5g\, æut jif{sf] t'ngfdf of] cfly{s
jif{df ‰08} %) k|ltztn] ahf/ v:sg] ;Defjgf 5 .Æ
pgL yK5g\, æ;'/Iff s/n] /fh:jdf s'g} j[l4 ug{
;s]g .Æ
lx/f]xf]08fsf clws[t laqm]tf :ofsf/
sDkgLsf lgb]{zs nIdL/Tg t'nfw/ eG5g\, æclxn]
36\b} uPsf] df]6/;fOsnsf] ahf/sf] ;Í]t ;g\
@))! b]lv g} cfPsf] xf] / @))@ b]lv of] ‰g{
g} yfNof] .Æ
g]kfnsf] ahf/ xfO–6«fon ahf/ xf] .
oxfF afOs cfjZostfeGbf klg df]8n cg';f/ ljrf/ ub}{
gul/sg laqmL eO/x]sf] 5 . h'g a|f08sf] gfd g}
;'lgPsf] 5}g To;nfO{ xfO{ lk|ldod lt/]/ lslgG5 .
;Lldt ahf/df ‰08} rf/ bh{g a|f08sf df]6/;fOsn
/xFbf c:j:y k|lt:kwf{n] gfkmfsf] c+z klg 36\g] s'/f
:ofsf/ sDkgLsf t'nfw/ atfpF5g\ . pgL eG5g\, ædf]6/;fOsnsf]
Jofkf/nfO{ lgb]{lzt ug]{ s'g} lgsfo 5}g, h'g ;/sf/n]
ug'{kg]{ xf] . s]xL s'/f klg cfoft ubf{ dfu b]vfP/
x'g'kg]{ xf] . ePsf sDkgLx¿ ;ef{Oe ug{
g;s]sf] cj:yfdf cGwfw'Gw cfoft ug]{ kl/kf6Ln] :jo+
;/sf/sf] /fh:jdf c;/ kf5{ .Æ
df]6/;fOsn Jofkf/Lx¿sf cg';f/
kl5Nnf lbgdf df]6/;fOsnsf] Jofkf/df s/La !) k|ltzt
xf/fxf/Lsf] d'gfkmf /x]sf] 5 eg] :k]o/kf6{\;sf] Jofkf/df
@%÷#) k|ltzt .
ef/taf6 cfoft x'g] df]6/;fOsn ef/tLo
d'b|fdf / rLg nufot t];|f] d'n'saf6 cfpg] afOssf nflu
cd]l/sL 8n/df cfoft x'G5 . ef/tLo afOs NofpFbf
k|ltafOs /S;f}n;Dd ()) cd]l/sL 8n/ kg{ cfpF5 eg] lrlgofF
df]6/;fOsn snsQf;Dd NofOk'¥ofpFbf $)) cd]l/sL
8n/ dfq} kg{ cfpF5 .
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