g} ljifodf hfgsf/L a9fpg, cfkm"nfO{
…ck8]6Ú /fVg gofF k':tfsf nflu 6L=eL=, kq–klqsf,
Pkm\=Pd\=, OG6/g]6sf ljleGg j]a;fO6 cflb t 5g\, / ;/;tL{
x]bf{ kSs} klg k':ts–kf7ssf] ;ª\Vof 36]sf], k':tsfnosf]
pkof]lutf sd ePsf] nfUg;S5, t/ oyfy{ To:tf] 5}g . ;"rgf–1fgsf]
;|f]t a9]s} cg'kftdf ltgsf pkof]ustf{ of ef]sf jf kf7sx¿
;ª\Vofdf a9]s} b]lvG5g\ . /fhwfgLsf s]xL k|d'v
k':tsfnox¿df 3'Dbfv]l/ o:t} ‰Nsf] kfOG5 .
/fhwfgLdf k':tsfnosf] …qm]hÚ
k'/fgf] xf] . To;}n] ubf{ klxn]‰}F cr]n 6f]n6f]ndf
k':tsfno vf]Ng] nx/ ;]nfP klg :yfgLo / lghL k|of;df ;~rflnt
;fgf–dWod k':tsfnox¿ /fhwfgLdf y'k|} e]l6G5g\ .
lghL ljBfno tyf sn]hlkR5] klg k':tsfno gePsf xf]Ogg\ .
ltgn] ljBfyL{ egf{ ubf{ …nfOa|]/L kmLÚ eg]/
jflif{s z'Ns lng] u5{g\, en} pgLx¿sxfF k':tsfno g}
gxf];\ jf k':tsfno lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf xf];\ . csf]{lt/
sltko :s"nn] z'Ns lng] dfq} xf]Og, ljBfyL{sf nflu xhf/f}Fsf
;ª\Vofdf 1fga4{s k':tsx¿ pknAw u/fpg] Pj+ !÷@
sIffb]lv g} k':tsfno k|of]u ug]{ / …cfp6a'sÚ
k9\g] s'/fnfO{ klg k9fOs} cËsf ¿kdf nu]sf] kfOG5 .
@)!^ ;fndf v'n]sf] lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf]
s]Gb|Lo k':tsfnodf nueu b'O{ nfv %) xhf/ k':ts 5g\ .
ev{/} Pd\=P=sf] k/LIff l;WofPsf l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf @% jifL{o
tGg]/L bLks Gof}kfg] cfˆgf] k9\g] afgL g5'6fpgsf nflu
g} ToxfF xKtfsf] @÷# kN6 k'U5g\ . eG5g\, æk':ts
k9\g'sf] cfgGb a]Un} 5 . OG6/g]6 k|of]u ug]{ eg]sf]
t dgf]/~hg / s]xL ;"rgfsf nflu dfq} xf] .Æ
laxfg *M#) b]lv ;fF‰ ^M#) ;Dd v'Nnf /xg] o; k':tsfnodf
b}lgs tLg ;ob]lv rf/ ;ohgf cfpg] u5{g\ . 8]k'6L nfOa|]l/og
aLgf j}B elG5g\, ælzIfsx¿ eGbf ljBfyL{x¿d}
k9\g] afgL Hofbf b]lvG5 . clwsf+zM ljBfyL{ tyf cg';Gwfgdf
nfu]sf tGg]/Lx¿ g} oxfF lgoldt cfpg] u5{g\ .Æ
pgsf cg';f/ OG6/g]6n] pkTosfleqsf o'jfx¿sf] k':ts
k9\g] afgL s]xL 36fPsf] cjZo xf]nf, t/ lgld6\ofGg} kf/]sf]
eg] 5}g .
/fhwfgLsf] d'6'd} /x]sf] lqrGb| sn]hsf] k':tsfnodf nueu
%) xhf/ k':ts 5g\ / b}lgs rf/ ;o hlt ljBfyL{n] k':tsfnoaf6
lstfj n}hfG5g\ . lgldQ k':tsfno k|d'v /hgL vo/uf]nL
elG5g\, ærfx] kf7\ok':ts g} lsg gxf];\ tGg]/Lx¿sf]
k9\g] afgL 36]sf] h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g .Æ
clwsf+z ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltsf k':tsx¿
/x]sf] g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgsf] k|1f–k':tsfnodf
k|j]zsf lglDt lgs} ‰G‰6 Joxf]g'{ kbf{ klg lbgx'F
%)÷^) hgf dfG5]x¿ k'u]s} x'G5g\ . sfof{no
;doleq dfq v'Nnf /xg] ;f] k':tsfnodf nueu #) xhf/ k':ts–klqsf
5g\ . ælaxfg, a]n'sf / labfsf lbgdf klg k9\g
ldNg] Pp6f ;fj{hlgs k':tsfno vf]Ng] tof/Ldf klg nfu]sf 5f}F
xfdL . t/, clxn] klg k9\g cfpg]x¿sf] ;ª\Vof
36]sf] rflxF 5}g,Æ k|lti7fgsf ;b:o ;lrj t'n;L e§/fO{
eG5g\ . To;f] t ToxfFaf6 k':ts 3/ n}hfg kfOFb}g g t
ToxfF ;b:o agfpg] rng g} 5 .
@)@) sf] bzsdf g]kfnL af}l4s Pj+ ;flxlTosx¿df‰
cToGt} nf]slk|o /x]sf] gofF ;8sl:yt g]kfn–ef/t ;f+:s[lts
s]Gb|sf] k':tsfnosf] k|efj clxn] klg 36]sf] 5}g . hxfF
^) xhf/eGbf a9L k':ts 5g\ / nueu b'O{ ;ohgf ToxfF x/]s lbg
hfg] u5{g\ . @)@% ;fnb]lv ToxfFsf ;b:o tyf slj pk]Gb|
>]i7 eG5g\, æd t gk9L a:g} ;lQmgF . oL OG6/g]6,
l;g]df, 6]lnlehg eg]sf Psl5gsf nflu /d‰d dfq} x'g\ .
k':tssf] k|efj cgGtsfn;Dd /lx/xG5 .Æ
@)!# ;fndf /fhu'? x]d/fh kf08]sf] lghL k':tsfnonfO{
;/sf/n] lsg]/ :yfkgf u/]sf] xl/x/ejgl:yt g]kfn /fli6«o
k':tsfnodf &^ xhf/ k':ts / kqklqsf ;ª\u[xLt 5g\ .
;Gbe{ k':tsfno ePsf]n] kf7snfO{ k':ts 3/ nu]/ k9\g kfpg]
;'ljwf 5}g . ah]6 cefjsf sf/0f kl5Nnf] ;dodf ahf/df
cfPsf sltko :t/Lo / o'jfx¿n] ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf
k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] k':tsx¿ ToxfF e]l6Fb}gg\ . k':tsfno
clws[t kz'kltgfy clwsf/Lsf cg';f/ /fli6«o k':tsfno
hfg] kf7ssf] cf};t pd]/ #% jif{ /x]sf] 5 . k':tsfnosf
¥ofsdf /flvPsf lstfjx¿ w'nf]n] 9flsPsf 5g\ .
3fd gl5g]{ lr;f] sl/8f]/df a;]/ k9\g'kg]{ afWotf Pjd\ ljbfsf]
lbg gvf]lng] x'gfn] k':tsfnosf] afn zfvfdf xDd];L kf7sx¿
e]l6Fb}gg\ . oBlk afn zfvfdf /fd|f lstfasf] ;ª\u|x
5 .
lzIff dGqfnosf] ejgdf /x]sf] s]z/ k':tsfno
laxfg ( ah]b]lv vf]lng] eP klg Ps ah]cl3 dGqfnosf] d"nåf/af6
;j{;fwf/0fn] k|j]z ug{ kfpFb}gg\ . @)@^ ;fndf :yflkt
o; k':tsfnodf %) xhf/ lstfax¿ 5g\, yf]/} ;do vf]lnP
tfklg ToxfF b}lgs s/La %) hgf hfg] ub{5g\ . Oltxf;sf]
cWoog ug]{x¿sf nflu of] pko'Qm 7fpF dflgG5 .
k9\g] jftfj/0f / /fd|f] ;]jf pknAw ePs} sf/0f ljBfyL{x¿sf]
k|fyldstfdf la|l6; sfplG;n kg{] u/]sf] 5 . k':ts, kqklqsf
/ cl8of]÷leh'cn ;fdu|L !# xhf/sf] ;ª\Vofdf /x]sf]
o; k':tsfnodf b}lgs $ ;o JolQm hfg] u5{g\ . sfplG;nn]
Ps jif{ cufl8 u/]sf] ;j]{If0fdf !* b]lv #% jif{ pd]/sf ljBfyL{
k|d'v kf7s /x]sf 5g\ . sfplG;nsf] ;b:o ;ª\Vof
;f9] rf/ xhf/ 5 . cfkm"nfO{ rflxPsf] k':ts 5÷5}g
eGg] hfgsf/L www.britcouncil.org.np dfkm{t\ cgnfOg nfOa|]/L
Sof6nuaf6 lng ;lsG5 . OGkm/d];g ;le{;]h Dofg]h/ /fh'
zfSosf cg';f/ ToxfF x/]s jif{ @) b]lv @% xhf/ kfpG8 d"No
a/fa/sf lstfa ylkG5g\ . lj|l6z sfplG;ndf lgoldt hfg]
!* jifL{o l;tfidf 3n] elG5g\, æ:s"ndf gePsf /
cfˆgf] sf];{nfO{ ;xof]u x'g] lstfasf nflu d oxfF cfpg]
u5'{ .Æ
Pstfsf lgs} eL8 nfUg] cd]l/sg nfOa|]/Ldf
eg] xfn plt rxnkxn 5}g . sf7df8f}Fsf] gofF ;8saf6 1fg]Zj/df
;/]kl5 of] ;Gbe{ k':tsfnodf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . ablnFbf]
kl/l:yltn] x/]s s'/f On]S6«f]lgs dfWoddf pknAw x'Fb}
uPkl5 o;nfO{ ;Gbe{ k':tsfnodf kl/0ft ul/Psf] atfpF5g\ l/km/]G;
nfOa|]l/og gjLg /fodf‰L .
k"j{ ;f]leot ;ª\3n] vf]n]sf] /l;og
;]G6/ ckm ;fOG; PG8 sNr/ cGtu{t /l;og nfOa|]/L gofF k':tfsf
nflu Oltxf; g} eO;s]sf] 5 . s'g} a]nf ;fDojfbL ljrf/wf/fsf
n]vs÷sfo{stf{x¿sf]] hd36 x'g] ;f] k':tsfnodf
xfn d'l:snn] !) hgf k'U5g\, Tof] klg klqsf k9\gsf nflu dfq} .
o; k':tsfnodf xfn g s'g} k':ts ylkPsf] 5 g t cfly{s nufgL
g} ePsf] 5 . nfOa|]l/og ;/nf ah|frfo{ elG5g\, æ;b:otf
z'Nsaf6 p7]sf] /sdn] a]nfavt s]xL lstfa yKg] u5f}{F .Æ
k|rf/ gx'Fbf klg /fd|f k':tsfno vf]Hg kf7s cfkm}F cfpF5g\
eGg] pbfx/0f s'k08f]nl:yt Peg nfOa|]/Ln] b]vfPsf] 5 .
gfkmf gsdfpg] p2]Zon] $) jif{cl3 :yflkt ;f] k':tsfno cd]l/sg
ljdg ckm g]kfn n] rnfPsf] 5 . cfO{P:;L bf];|f] jif{sf
5fq k|Hjn lai6sf cg';f/ tGg]/Lx¿sf nflu ToxfFsf k':tsx¿
lgs} pkof]uL 5g\ . eG5g\, æd ToxfF bz{gzf:q /
;fOsf]nf]hLsf lstfax¿ k9\5' .Æ Ps xhf/
eGbf a9L ;b:ox¿ /x]sf] o; k':tsfnodf s/La !^ xhf/
lstfa / kqklqsf 5g\ . b}lgs b'O{ ;o hgf kf7s cfpg]
Pegsf nfOa|]/L Dofg]h/ /fd dfgGw/sf cg';f/ k':tsfnosf Hofbfh;f]
;b:ox¿ !@ jif{b]lv @% jif{sf 5g\ . zlgaf/ klg
vf]lng] o; k':tsfnodf clwsf+zM JolQm :jod\ ;]jssf] ¿kdf
sfd u5{g\ . cfbz{ ljBf dlGb/sL sIff $ sL 5fqf z'e]R5f
>]i7nfO{ ljbfsf] ;dodf s'k08f]nl:yt Peg nfOa|]/Ldf e]l6G5 .
ToxfFsf] jftfj/0f cfkm"nfO{ dg k/]sf] atfpg] pgL elG5g\,
æd}n] vf]h] h:tf syf / P8e]Gr/sf k':ts d oxfF kfpF5' .Æ
lqlj s]Gb|Lo k':tsfno, OlG8og nfOa|]/L,
la|l6; sfplG;n / Peg nfOa|]/L afx]s /fhwfgLsf cGo k':tsfnox¿df
tGg]/Lx¿ cfslif{t gx'g'df oL k':tsfnodf ;Gbe{–k':ts
tyf cGo /f]rs k':tsx¿sf] cefj g} k|d'v b]lvG5 .
;fy} /fli6«o k':tsfno xf];\ jf s]z/ k':tsfno, ;a}df
k':ts / kqklqsfsf nflu Hofb} yf]/} ah]6 5'6\ofOg] ul/G5
h;n] ubf{ dxŒjk"0f{ k':tsx¿ pknAw x'Fb}gg\ .
Jojl:yt tl/sfn] ;~rfng ul/Psf k':tsfnox¿df
kf7sx¿sf] pkl:ylt /fd|f] /xg'n] kf7sx¿nfO{
k':tsfnolt/ 8f]¥ofpg pko'Qm jftfj/0f, cfjZos k':ts,
kfos kg{] 7fpF tyf v'Ng] / aGb x'g] ;do cflb s'/fn] k|d'v
e"ldsf v]n]sf] b]lvG5 . sf]7fd} 6]lnlehg tyf sDKo'6/sf]
Joj:yf x'Fbfx'Fb} k':tsfno hfg] tGg]/Lx¿sf] pNn]vgLo
;ª\Vof b]lvFbf eGg ;lsG5 36]sf] 5}g /x]5 pgLx¿df
k':tsk|]d .
