u|fxs g]kfnL o'jf
sdn l/dfn
;kgf t pgsf] klg lyof] xf]nf, cfkm"
3/kl/jf/, Oi6ldq, ;fyL;FuL, ;dfh / d'n'ssf] lglDt s]xL u/]/
;kmn hLjg latfpg] . t/ nSsf hjfg /jLGb| -gfd kl/jlt{t_
nfO{ yfxf eO;Sof]– …ca pgL w]/} afFRg] 5}gg\ .Ú
To;sf] bf]ifL c¿ sf]xL xf]Ogg\ /jLGb| cfkm}F x'g\ .
!% jif{cl3b]lv nfu" cf}ifw ;]jg ub}{ cfPsf /jLGb|n]
ut jif{ /ut k/LIf0f u/fpFbf dfq yfxf ef]Ú pgsf] z/L/df
pkrf/ljxLg k|f0f3fts /f]u …P8\;Ú sf sL6f0f'
kl;;s]sf /x]5g\ . clxn] pgL cf]5\ofgdf 5g\ .
g]kfndf PrcfO{eL÷P8\; ;+qmd0fsf]
Ps d'Vo sf/0f nfu" cf}ifw b'Jo{;g ag]sf] 5 . t/
ef/t–g]kfn v'nf l;dfgf To;sf] /f]syfddf r'gf}tL ag]/
plePsf] 5 . k"jL{ g]kfnsf] d'Vo s]Gb| lj/f6gu/sf]
;LdfjtL{ ef/tLo ahf/ hf]ujgLsf cf}iflw k;n]x¿ ef/tLonfO{
hLjg lbG5g\, t/ g]kfnLnfO{ d[To' a]r]/ Jofkf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ .
xtfl/P/ hfg], n/al/P/ kmls{g]
aGb cj:yfdf /x]sf] lj/f6gu/sf] df]/ª
;'u/ ldN;b]lv blIf0f g]kfnL l;dfgf;Fu hf]l8Psf] ef/tLo e"lddf
kx]Fnf] df6f]sf leQf / 6fonsf] 5fgf cf]9]sf e'OFtn] 3/x¿
5g\ . ltg} 3/af6 x'g] ef/tLo gful/s /fdljnf; / zÍ/sf]
nfu" cf}ifw–Jofkf/ g]kfnLx¿n] ubf{ /fd|}
km:6fPsf] 5 . ev{/ h'Fufsf] /]vL a;]sfb]lv s/La $)
jif{;Ddsf g]kfnLx¿ laxfg ;a]/} ToxfF uO{ nfu"
cf}ifw ;]jg u5{g\, cfˆgf] lglDt ToxfF /flvPsf s';L{df
;':tfpF5g\, / ;fF‰kv 3/ kmls{G5g\ . laxfg 3fdsf]
‰'Nsf;Fu} xtfl/P/ hf]ujgL k'Ug] g]kfnLx¿ gzfdf
n7\7 eO{ na{l/Fb} lj/f6gu/ kms{G5g\ .
nfu" cf}ifw ;]jg ug{ ;ft jif{b]lv lgoldt hf]ujgL k'Ug]
u/]sf /]zd s];Lsf] egfOdf pgLh:tf !%) o'jfx¿ nfu"
cf}ifw ;]jg ug{ lbg}lkR5] ToxfF hfG5g\ . o;/L hfg]x¿df
w/fg, O6x/L, b'xjL, pnf{af/L, ky/L, /Ë]nL, a]naf/L
nufot df]/ª tyf ;'g;/Lsf zx/L / cw{zx/L If]qsf o'jfx¿
x'G5g\ . hf]ujgL ahf/ cf;kf;df zÍ/ / /fdljnf;
dfq xf]Og z'Snf, cHu/, 6'g6'g, ljho klg nfu" cf}iflwsf]
sf/f]af/ u5{g\ . b'?kof]u x'g yfn]kl5 gfO6«f]hg,
e]lnod, 8fOhf]kfd, l68Lh]l;s, km]lG;l8n, kmf]6ljkg, Pljn,
SofNDkf]h, km]gf/ug, :Kosd k|f]lS;g, ;fOSnf]kfdh:tf Pnf]k]lys
cf}iflwx¿sf] laqmL ljt/0f g]kfndf k|ltalGwt x'g'
hf]ujgLsf cf}iflw Jofkf/Lx¿sf] lglDt a/bfg ;fljt
ePsf] 5 . o; lsl;dsf gzfn' cf}iflwx¿ oxfF v'ndv'Nnf
g} kfOG5g\ . lgodtM ef/tdf klg To:tf cf}iflw 8fS6/sf]
l;kmfl/;df dfq laqmL ug'{k5{, t/ To;f] ul/FFb}g .
hf]ujgLsf s]xL Jofkf/Ln] t b'Jo{;gLx¿nfO{
kl/ro sf8{ ;d]t lbPsf 5g\ . o:tf] sf8{ x'g]n] ToxfF
;lhn} cf}iflw v/Lb u/L ToxLF a;]/ ;]jg ug{ kfpF5 .
gf}nf] dflg;n] eg] cfˆgf] gfd, 7]ufgf atfP/ cfkm"
;SsnL u|fxs ePsf] ljZjf; k;n]nfO{ lbnfpg'k5{ . lgoldt
u|fxs ePkl5 rflxF p;n] klg ToxL cf}iflw lng] / ;':tfpg]
;'ljwf kfpF5 . hf]ujgL k|x/L yfgfsf k|d'v /fh]Gb|k|;fb
hf]ujgLdf nfu" cf}ifw ;]jg ug{ g]kfnL dfq} hfg] u/]sf]
:jLsf5{g\ . hf]ujgL d]l8sn s]ld:6 P08 Pzf]l;P;gsf ;lrj
O{Zj/rGb ofbjsf cg';f/ t ToxfF kfg / lrof k;naf6 ;d]t nfu"
cf}iflw laqmL x'g]u5{ . ofbj eG5g\, æg]kfndf
h:tf] oxfFsf] sfg"g s8f eOlbP cf}iflwsf] b'?kof]u x'g]
lyPg .Æ
b'Jo{;g /f]syfd ug]{ sfo{df ;lqmo ;+:yf …x]Nk u|'kÚsf
k/fdz{bftf Pj+ 6Ld ln8/ /ljg bfxfnsf cg';f/ lj/f6gu/ If]qdf
b'Jo{;gLsf] ;ª\Vof b}lgs a9\bf] 5 . æb'Jo{;g
5f8\g rfxg]x¿ klg 5g\ t/ Tof]eGbf 7"nf] ;+Vof
gofF b'Jo{;gLx¿sf] 5,Æ bfxfn eG5g\ . æz'?df
nfu" cf}ifwL s:tf] x'G5 eGg] pT;'stfn] ;]jg ug]{x¿nfO{
afgL kl/;s]kl5 ;]jg gu/L lgb|f nfUb}g,Æ bfxfnn] atfP .
a9\bf] b'Jo{;gn] rf]/L klg a9]sf] 5 .
k|foM b'Jo{;gLx¿ nfu" cf}iflw lsGg] vr{ h'6fpg
rf]/L u5{g\ / rf]/Lsf] ;fdfg hf]ujgLdf nfu" cf}iflw;Fu
;f6\5g\ . olt;Dd ls lj/f6gu/df rf]/L eof] eg] hf]ujgLdf
;fdfg km]nf k5{ / ;fdfg dflns hf]ujgL uO{ ;'ky d"Nodf
cfˆg} ;fdfg lsg]/ NofpF5g\ . æslt t, b'Jo{;gLn]
;fdfg rf]¥of] . xfd|f] ;fdfg kmsf{pg nufOlbg' eGb}
…x]Nk u|'kÚd} cfpF5g\Æ, bfxfn atfpF5g\ .
k|x/Ln] klg of] s'/fnfO{ c:jLsf/ ub}{g . df]/ªsf
P;kL 5f]skf z]kf{ eG5g\, æk};fsf] cefj x'g] ePsf]n]
b'Jo{;gLn] 3/sf] rf]/L u5{g\ . gkfP ufpFdf rf]5{g\ .
To:tf u'gf;f xfdLsxfF k|z:t cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .Æ
d[To' glhs
sf]zL c~rn c:ktfndf b'Jo{;gLsf] pkrf/df
;+nUg dfgl;s /f]u ljz]if1 8f= ;'/]Gb| z]/rgsf cg';f/ nfu"kbfy{sf
b'Jo{;gLdf PrcfO{eL÷P8\;, Ifo/f]u, x]kf6fOl6;, lgdf]lgof
h:tf /f]ux¿ e]l6Psf 5g\ . æk|foM b'Jo{;gLx¿
/f]u;Fu n8\g] zlQm u'dfO;s]kl5 dfq c:ktfn cfpg] x'Fbf tL
afFRg]eGbf dg{ ;Sg] vt/f a9L x'G5 .Æ
w]/} b'Jo{;gLx¿n] Pp6} ;'O{ k|of]u
ug]{ u/]sf]n] pgLx¿df PrcfO{eL÷P8\;sf] ;+qmd0f
x'g]u5{ . x]Nk u|'k lj/f6gu/sf cg';f/ df]/ª lhNnfdf
kfFrb]lv ;ft xhf/;Dd b'Jo{;gLx¿ 5g\ . x]Nksf
8f= ;d;'l2gsf cg';f/ o:tf b'Jo{;gLdWo] &% k|ltzt l;l/~haf6
/ afFsL 6\ofAn]6, ‰f]n / w'jfFaf6 nfu"kbfy{ lnG5g\ .
l;l/~haf6 nfu" kbfy{ lng]dWo] %) k|ltztnfO{ P8\; nfu]sf]
cg'dfg pgn] u/]sf 5g\ .
ut jif{ /fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g /f]u
s]Gb|n] u/]sf] b|'tufdL ;j]{If0fdf df]/ªsf !^@ b'Jo{;gLdWo]
%% hgfdf PrcfO{eL÷P8\; e]l6Psf] lyof] . o; If]qdf
Pr\cfO{eL÷P8\; kLl8t jf b'Jo{;gLsf] olsg tYofÍ
s'g} klg ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] /fVg ;s]sf] 5}g .
lhNnf P8\; ;dGjo zfvf df]/ªsL ;+of]hs piff sf]O/fnf;Fu
df]/ªdf Pr\cfO{eL÷ P8\;af6 ;ª\qmldtx¿
!(& hgf 5g\ . /fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g /f]u
s]Gb|sf] ;j]{If0fn] g]kfnsf s'n b'Jo{;gLdWo] $) k|ltztdf
PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmd0f ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5 .
lj/f6gu/sf] ;LdfjtL{ If]qdf …x]Nk
u|'kÚn] b'Jo{;gLx¿nfO{ l;l/~h ljt/0f ug{ klg
z'? u/]sf] 5 . Pp6} ;'O{sf] ;f‰f k|of]un] PrcfO{eL
;g]{ a9L ;Defjgf ePsf]n] l;l/~h ljt/0f ug'{k/]sf] …x]Nk
u|'kÚsf] egfO 5 . s]xLn] rflxF l;l/~h lbP/ ;f]
u|'kn] b'Jo{;gLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] cf/f]k klg nufPsf
5g\ . t/, clwjQmf r'8fdl0f cfrfo{sf] egfOdf æGo"gLs/0fsf
nflu l;l/~h ljt/0f ug{ sfg"gn] /f]s nufpFb}g .Æ
pgsf cg';f/, P8\; lgoGq0fsf nflu b'Jo{;gLnfO{ lbOg] l;l/~h
k|fylds pkrf/ cGtu{t kb{5 .
k|x/Ln] ut ebf}b]lv oxL k';;Dd @) hgf b'Jo{;gLnfO{
kqmfp u/L sf/afxLcl3 a9fPsf] ;Ldf k|x/L rf}sL lj/f6gu/sf
k|d'v ;O{ ?b| r"8fnn] atfP . b'Jo{;g / ;Ldfkfl/sf]
nfu" cf}iflw Jofkf/ /f]Sg b'O{ b]zsf ;Ldf k|x/L–k|zf;g
aLrsf] ;dGjoaf/] lhk|sf df]/ªsf P;kL z]kf{ ef/tLo k|x/Ln]
;xof]u u/]sf] atfpF5g\ . t/ …g]kfnL k'ln;n] cg'/f]w
ubf{ dfq ef/tLo k|x/Ln] b'Jo{;g lgoGq0fdf ;xof]u u/]sf]Ú
pgsf] hjfkmn] g} kfl/kl§sf] k'ln; of] ;d:ofk|lt Tolt
uDeL/ 5}g eGg] :ki6 x'G5 . ef/tLo ;Ldf k'ln; rf}sLsf
OGrfh{ /fh]Gb|k|;fbsf] hjfkmn] k|lta4tf b]vfpFb}g, pgL eG5g\,
æJofkf/L w]/} rnfv 5g\, k|x/L cfPsf] yfxf kfpg]lalQs}
cf}iflw n'sfpF5g\ .Æ
To;f] eGb}df k|oTg gePsf] eg] xf]Og .
;O{ r"8fnsf cg';f/ g]kfn k|x/L;Fu ldn]/ ef/tLo k|x/Ln]
ef/tLo nfu" cf}ifw Jofkf/Lsf] 3/df 5fkf klg df/]sf]
5 . hf]ujgLsf :yfgLo hgk|ltlglwx¿ rflxF g]kfnL
o'jf b'Jo{;gLx¿k|lt cfkm"x¿ klg lrlGtt
/x]sf] atfpF5g\ . ænfu"cf}ifwsf] ?kdf b'?kof]u
x'g] cf}iflwx¿ ga]Rg cf}iflw k;n]x¿nfO{ cg'/f]w
u/]sf 5f}F,Æ hf]ujgL gu/ k~rfotsf cWoIf ef]nfzÍ/
ltjf/L eG5g\ . t/ pgLx¿sf] cg'/f]w Tolt k|efjsf/L
eg] b]lvPsf] 5}g . To;}n] jfl/ / kfl/ b'j}tkm{sf :yfgLo
hgk|ltlglw, k|x/L, k|zf;g, ;+3÷;+:yfsf] ;fd"lxs
/ ;Ël7t kxn g} cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .
d'lQm jf d[To'
b'Jo{;gdf kml;;s]sfx¿dWo] w]/} ;'lw|Psf
klg 5g\ . w/fgl:yt ls/ft ofSy'ª r'Dn'ª k'ghL{jg
s]Gb|n] ;ft jif{sf] cjlwdf k"jf{~rnsf %&* hgfnfO{
s'ntaf6 5'6fPsf] 5 . Go"/f] 8foUgf]li6s P08 l/;r{
;]G6/ lj/f6gu/sf lgb]{zs :gfo' /f]u ljz]if1 8f= jL/]Gb|s'df/
lai6n] klg *) hgf b'Jo{;gLsf] pkrf/ ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
lj/f6gu/–@) sf #) jifL{o ;'/h hf]zL
lagfpkrf/ b'Jo{;gd'Qm ePsf 5g\ . OR5fzlQm ePkl5 cfkm}F
klg ;'lw|g ;lsFbf]/x]5 . #) jifL{o hf]zLnfO{ !% jif]{
s'nt ;lD‰Fbf clxn] sxfnL nfU5 . æ!% jif{
nfu" cf}ifwdf vr{ u/]sf] /sd hDdf u/]sf] eP lj/f6gu/df
rf/tn] 3/ aGg] lyof],Æ hf]zL eG5g\ . )$# ;fndf
P;Pn;L km]n ePkl5 b'Jo{;gdf nfu]sf ;'/h hf]zL p;a]nf hxfF
hflu/ u/] klg lgsflnGy] . uf8Ldf sfd u/], Jofkf/ u/],
dfs]{l6Ë u/], t/ sxLF ;kmn ePgg\ . To;n] pgnfO{
c;fWo} lk/f]Nof] . æunt ;Ët 5f]8]F .
3/ kl/jf/;Fu} ;do latfpg yfn]F . To;kl5 t s'nt 5'6\of] .Æ
c7f]6n] b'Jo{;gaf6 5'6sf/f lbnfPsf] pgsf] cg'ej 5 .
ls/ft ofSy'ª r'Dn'ª k'ghL{jg s]Gb|
w/fgdf kfFr dlxgf pkrf/ u/fO{ b'Jo{;gaf6 d'lQm kfPsf w/fg
lgjf;L @^ jifL{o ;'/]Gb| kf}8]n -gfd kl/jt{g_ sf] tf}n nfu"
cf}ifw ;]jg ubf{ ^) s]hL lyof], clxn] &% s]hL k'u]sf]
5 . 5 jif{;Dd pgn] 6]l8h]l;s OGh]S;g nufpFy] .
s]Gb|df pgnfO{ b'Jo{;g d'Qm u/fpg cfTdan a9fpg] cEof; u/fOPsf]
lyof] . ækl5 klg slxn]sfxLF nfu" cf}ifwtkm{
dg hfG5 . t/ dg alnof] agfpg' k5{Æ, kf}8]nsf]
;'‰fj 5 . b'Jo{;g d'Qm ePkl5 gofF hLjg kfPsf]
atfpg] ;'/]Gb| kf}8]n To:tf o'jfx¿sf] ;Dks{af6 cnu
/xg'kg]{ atfpF5g\ .
t/ lj/f6gu/sf /jLGb| ca cfkm"n] Tof]
c7f]6 u/] klg g;Sg] l:yltdf k'lu;s]sf 5g\ . pgnfO{
P8\; / Ifo/f]u nflu;s]sf] 5 . clxn] pgnfO{ cfˆg}
kl/jf/n] klg a]jf:tf u/]sf] pgsf] b'Mv];f] 5 . lj/f6gu/sf]
hnhnf l;g]df xndf l6s6 ANofs ubf{ /jLGb|n] ;fyLx¿sf]
;Ëtn] @)$$ ;fnb]lv nfu" cf}ifw ;]jg ug{ yfn]sf
lyP . )%@ ;fndf afa'sf] d[To'kl5 cfdf klg a]kQf eOg\ .
pgsf] cfˆgf] k]zf klg aGb eof] . ;'O{af6 l6l8h]l;s
lnPsf] xftsf gzf kfs]/ 3fp ePsf] 5 pgsf] . pkrf/ ug'{kg]{
t/ cf–cfˆg} k]zfdf nfu]sf bfh'x¿n] klg
pgsf] jf:tf ub}{gg\ . æ3/df vfg klg lbFb}gg\Æ,
pgL eG5g\, æs]xL ;do l/S;f rnfPF, g;s]/ 5f]8]F, clxn]
dfu]/ vfFb}5' .Æ ;/sf/n] ;xof]u u/] cln lbg afFlrGYof]]
ls eGg] cf;df /x]sf /jLGb| eG5g\, æc¿ s;}nfO{
o:tf] gxf];\ . b'Jo{;gdf nfu]sfx¿n] ;do 5Fb}
s'g af6f] /f]Hg] xf], cfkm}Fn] lg0f{o u?g\ ÛÆ
