hgs cof{n
kbdk'/sf afl;Gbfx¿n] of] jif{ clGtd
afnL leœofP . oxfFsf] v]taf/Ldf ca wfg, ux'F /
tf]/Lsf af]6 nxnxfPsf b]Vg kfOg] 5}gÙ g t b]lvg]
g} 5 dfgjj:tL / ljleGg ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿ .
tLg dlxgfkl5 lgh{g x'Fb}5, of] Pp6f l;Ë} ufpF .
b'O{ ;o jif{b]lv cfjfb / b'O{ xhf/ la3fdf km}lnPsf] kbdk'/
ca qmdzM 3fF;]d}bfgdf kl/0ft x'g]5 / ToxfF hËnL hgfj/x¿
dfq ljr/0f u/]sf] b]lvg]5 .
@)#) ;fndf :yflkt zfxL lrtjg /fli6«o
lgs'~h leq k/]sf] kbdk'/ uflj;nfO{ e/tk'/b]lv cf7 lsnf]ld6/
pQ/–k"j{ h'6kfgL uflj;, ;u'g6f]n;Fu}sf] a/08fef/
hËndf :yfgfGt/0f ul/g nfu]sf] 5 . kbdk'/sf s/La
!&)) 3/w'/LdWo] !@)) hlt ;l/;s]sf 5g\ eg] afFsL klg
@)%( r}t;Dddf ;l/;Sg] 5g\ . kbdk'/sf] a:tLsf sf/0f
lgs'~hsf] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fdf afwf k'u]sf] / rf]/L lzsf/L
a9]sf] 7fgL k"/} ufpF p7fP/ 3fF;]d}bfg agfOg nfu]sf]
xf] . lgs'~hsf sf/0f ufpFsf afl;Gbfx¿ klg c;'/lIft
lyP . clxn];Dd ‰08} Ps bh{g dflg;x¿ h+unL
hGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 dfl/Psf / Tolt g} 3fOt] / cËeË
ePsf 5g\ . @)%) ;fn;Dddf a:tLsf] pQ/kl§ aUg] /fktLsf]
af9L / s6fgn] &)) la3feGbf a9L v]t÷af/L au/df
kl/0ft ul/;s]sf] lyof] / s/La #)) kl/jf/ ;'s'Daf;L aGg k'u]sf
lyP . o;}sf/0f kbdk'/af;Lx¿ klg Tof] 7fpF 5f]8\g
rfxGy] .
æaf3, efn', u}F8f / xfQLn] ;fx|} b'Mv
lbPsf lyP . lxpFb] afnL t nufpg} 5fl8Psf] lyof] .
/fktLn] klg w]/}nfO{ aaf{b kf¥of] . oxLF al;/x]sf]
eP xfdL klg ;'s'Daf;L aGg] lyof}F,Æ kbdk'/–^,
l99f}nLsf afnl;+x rf}w/L eG5g\ . t/, pgLx¿ …gofFÚ
kbdk'/df klg Tolt v'zL rflxF 5}gg\ . /fktLsf] s6fgaf6
cflht kbdk'/]x¿ clxn] cfP/ km]l/ a'ª, yfª
/ vu]/L vf]nfsf d'vdf k/]sf 5g\ . pa{/ kbdk'/sf] hUufsf]
;§f ev{/ hËn kmfFl8Psf] a~h/ u]Uo|fg hf]Tg' k/]sf]
5 . ævfg]kfgL klg gePsf] 7fpFdf wfg s;/L /f]Kg]
xf] < cfkm" hGd]–x's]{sf] 7fpF 5fl8of]],
clgsfnn] kf] dl/G5 Sof/],Æ ev{/} a;fOF ;/]sL lkkl/ofsL
^) jifL{of kml;of /fpt elG5g\ .
r}t @)%) df ;'s'Daf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]usL
cWoIf z}nhf cfrfo{ pkl:yt Ps a[xb\ e]nfn] kbdk'/ uflj; p7fpg]
lg0f{o lnPsf] xf] . cfof]usf lhNnf cWoIf dx]z/fh cfrfo{sf]
cWoIftfdf ul7t ;j{bnLo sfo{bnn] :yfgLo 3/w'/L ;j]{If0f u/]/
ToxfF ePsf !^*( kl/jf/nfO{ clxn] a;f]af; u/fOPsf] 7fpFdf
;fg]{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] xf] . kfFr jif{leq :yfgfGt/0f
ug]{ egL u7g ul/Psf] …kbdk'/ :yfgfGt/0f ;ldltÚ
n] cf7 jif{df klg sfd ;s]sf] 5}g . /fhgLlts lgo'lQmaf6
cfPsf kbflwsf/Lx¿n] kx'Fr / k};fsf] cfwf/df hyfefjL
hUuf ljt/0f u/]sf], lgod;Ët k|lqmof gckgfO{ tf]s /
thaLhsf] cfwf/df d'cfAhf ljt/0f u/]sf] h:tf clgoldttfsf
y'k|} s'/fx¿ klg k|sfzdf cfPsf 5g\ . kbflwsf/Lx¿n]
k6s–k6s …5'6 3/w'/LÚ sf] nut v8f u/]/
cfˆgf dflg;nfO{ hUuf lbnfPsf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf klxn]
kbdk'/ uflj;sf ;lrj a'l4k|;fb nfld5fg]n] tTsfnLg uflj; kbflwsf/L;Fu
ldn]/ cfkm";lxt s/La kfFr bh{g gSsnL 3/w'/L yk] .
o;/L h'6kfgL a:g] ;lrj nfld5fg], a5f}nL a:g] ;ldltsf lgjt{dfg
cWoIf afa'/fd k'/L, pQd cfrfo{ nufot w]/}n] a/08fef/df hUuf
kfPsf 5g\ .
dfnkf]tsf] /]s8{df k'/fgf] kbdk'/df !(^%
la3f hUuf b]lvG5 . :yfgfGt/0f ubf{ ToxfF a;f]af; gug]{sf],
xbaGbLdf k/]sf] / Ps la3feGbf a9L hUufsf] tLgefusf] Psefu
5f]8]/ c¿sf] d'cfAhf lbg] / hlt;'s} hUuf eP klg b'O{
la3feGbf a9L hUuf ;§fegf{ glbg] lgod agfOPsf] 5 .
t/ ;/sf/n] oL s'/fsf] s'g} lx;fa–lstfa / k|fljlws
d"NofÍg g} gu/L lgs'~hnfO{ dxfef/tl;t hf]8\g]
/ jGohGt' ljr/0f ug]{ k|fs[lts dfu{sf] 3gf jg kmfF8]/ !^))
la3f hUuf pknAw u/fof] . . o;dWo] !!%& la3f
s/La !@)) kl/jf/nfO{ ljt/0f ul/;lsPsf] 5 . !%$ la3f
Knl6Ë ug}{ afFsL 5 eg] !!^ la3f hldgrflxF ljleGg Kn6x¿sf]
aLrdf zÍf:kb 9Ëaf6 vfnL 5f]l8Psf] 5 . afFsL
hldg af6f], v]nfgfnf, ;+3;+:yf, dlGb/, cflbsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf]
5 . tTsfnLg ;ldltn] vf]N;fdf k/]sf] egL c‰} %(
la3f yk hldg dfu u/]/ clwsf+z kbflwsf/Lsf cfkmGt / glhssf
JolQmx¿ /x]sf #$@ …5'6Ú kl/jf/nfO{ ljt/0f
ug{ vf]h]sf] lyof] . t/ clxn] tL #$@ kl/jf/sf ;DaGwdf
;xfos k|lhc ;+of]hs /x]sf] ;ldltn] 5fglag ul//x]sf] 5 .
@)%) ;fnsf] klxnf] nutb]lv g} ToxfF a;f]af;
gePsf JolQmx¿sf] gfd /x]sf] atfOG5 . j8f g+=
@ sf] nutdf ylkPsf cf7 hgfsf] gfd vf/]h ug{ :yfgfGt/0f ;ldltdf
lgj]bg g} k/]sf] 5 . nutdf y'k|} s]/d]6 u/]/ ;a}eGbf
a9L 3/w'/L j8f g+= % df ylkPsf] 5 . kbdk'/ uflj;sf
lgjt{dfg cWoIfsf] x}l;otn] ;ldltdf a;]sf horGb|k|;fb rf}w/L
g} eG5g\, æToxfF nutdf s]/d]6 / yk36 ug]{, lgodsfg"g
tf]8]/ cfˆgf dflg;x¿nfO{ hUuf, d'cfAhf afF8\g]h:tf
w]/} clgoldttf ePsf 5g\ . o; cl3sf] Pp6f ;ldltn] clgoldt
egL ab/ u/]sf] (( kl/jf/sf] hUuf vfnL u/fOPsf] 5}g .
c‰} %) ;fnsf] kfl/jfl/s nutdf 5'6 ePsf eg]/ s/La tLg;o
kl/jf/nfO{ hUuf ljt/0f ug{ vf]lhFb}5 .Æ
lhlj;sf lgjt{dfg ;efklt lji0f' l3ld/] !$)) klg grflxg] 7fpFdf
!^)) la3f hUuf pknAw u/fP/ tTsfnLg :yfgLo ljsf; dGqL lr/~hLjL
jfUn]n] uNtL u/]sf] atfpF5g\ . To;dfly 5'6 kl/jf/nfO{
ljt/0f ug{ egL yk %( la3f dfu ul/Psf]tkm{ OlËt ub}{
l3ld/] eG5g\, æToxfFsf jf:tljs 3/kl/jf/sf nflu hUuf
5'6\ofO;lsPsf] 5 . Ps–b'O{ hgf 5'6]s} eP klg
hUuf afFsL 5, yk cfjZos 5}g .Æ ut dª\l;/sf]
clGtd ;ftfb]lv ;ldltdf axfn gofF ;b:o–;lrj :yfgLo
ljsf; clwsf/L lbg]zs'df/ yklnofn] c¿ hUuf gylkg]
a? lgod;Ët ¿kn] cfPsf 5'6 kl/jf/nfO{ ljt/0f
u/]/ afFsL /xg] hUuf ;/sf/Ls/0f ul/g] atfPsf 5g\ .
kbdk'/ :yfgfGt/0f ;ldltn] clxn];Dd
!## yfg hUufwgL k|df0fkq -nfnk'hf{_ ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 .
t/, tL nfnk'hf{nfO{ lrtjgsf] dfnkf]t sfof{no / gfkL zfvfn]
c‰} dfGotf lbPsf 5}gg\ . nfnk'hf{x¿ ;b/
x'g'kg]{ lhls/ ub}{ cbfntdf bfo/ ul/Psf] d'2fnfO{ k'g/fj]bg
cbfnt x]6f}+8fn] klg ab/ u/]sf] 5 . kbdk'/ :yfgfGt/0f
;ldltsf k"j{;lrj dw'k|;fb a'nf{sf]6L atfpF5g\, æ:yfgfGt/0f
;ldltaf6 ljt/0f ul/Psf] hUuf / nfnk'hf{ lgod;Ët 5}g,
To;}n] ltgsf] d"No /2L sfuh hlQ dfq} 5 .Æ
cf7 jif{df cf7} ;ldlt
kbdk'/nfO{ kfFr jif{df ;fg]{ nIo lnP/ @)%! r}tdf ;"o{k|;fb
zdf{sf] cWoIftfdf u7g ePsf] …kbdk'/ :yfgfGt/0f ;ldltÚ
nfO{ ;/sf/n] a/08fef/ hËndf *)) la3f hUuf pknAw u/fof] .
af9Lu|:t * gDa/ j8fnfO{ ;f/]kl5 ;ldltn] hUuf ck'u eof]]
egL #)) la3f dfu u/]sf] lyof], t/ hUuf ylkPg . To;kl5
;ldltx¿ ;/sf/df k'u]sf] kf6L{sf sfo{stf{ etL{ ug]{
ynf] aGg yfn]] .
eLdaxfb'/ adhgsf] cWoIftfdf ul7t bf];|f]
;ldltn] j8f g+= ! / ( sf afl;Gbfx¿nfO{ ;fg{ z'? ug'{sf
;fy} …)%) ;fnsf] 3/w'/L ;j]{If0fdf 5'6]sfÚ
eGb} lgj]bg lnP/ gSsnL afl;Gbfx¿sf] gfd yKg] / pgLx¿nfO{
a/08fef/df hUuf lsQfsf6 ul/lbg] sfd u¥of] . b'O{
jif{kl5 hf]vf rf}w/Lsf] cWoIftfdf csf]{ ;ldlt aGof] .
b'O{ dlxgf l6s]sf] of] ;ldltn] Ps} lbgdf rf/–rf/ k6s;Dd
a}7s a;]/ %)) eGbf a9LnfO{ 5'6 3/w'/Ldf ;dfj]z u¥of]
/ s]xLnfO{ hUuf afF8\of] . oxL ;ldltn] Ps u'?ª;]gL
dlxnfnfO{ kfpg]eGbf a9L d'cfAhf /sd ;d]t lbof] . hf]vfkl5
cWoIf ePsf eLdaxfb'/ adhg / afa'/fd k'/Lsf] sfd klg gSsnL
afl;Gbfx¿sf] gfd yKg'eGbf a9L s]xL ePg . ;"o{k|;fb
kl5sf rf/j6} ;ldltn] (( gSsnL 3/w'/LnfO{ hUuf / !## nfO{
nfnk'hf{ ljt/0f u/] . nfnk'hf{ kfPsfdWo] klg clwsf+z
kbdk'/ aflx/s} dflg;x¿ lyP .
@)%% sf] z'?df huts[i0f k|hfkltsf] cWoIftfdf
csf]{ ;ldlt aGof] . olt j]nf;Ddsf ;ldlt kbflwsf/Lx¿n]
)%) ;fnsf] ;e]{If0faf6 lgsflnPsf] !^*( 3/w'/Ldf Ps xhf/eGbf
a9L 5'6 b]vfPsf lyP . k|hfkltsf] ;ldltn] gSsnL 3/w'/L
v8f u/L hUuf lng] (( kl/jf/sf] hUuf ab/ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]/
;xL sfdsf] yfngL u/]sf] lyof], t/ pgsf] ;ldlt sfd ug{ gkfpFb}
lj36g eof] . To;kl5 k|]dgfy b'jf8Lsf] cWoIftfdf ag]sf]
;ldltn] cl3Nnf] ;ldltsf] lg0f{o To;} yGSofof] / gofF sfd
klg u/]g .
@)%^ sf] cfd lgjf{rgkl5 afa'/fd k'/L k'gM
cWoIf eP . To;sf] nuQ}, dlGqkl/ifb\n] !! sflQs @)%^
df yk *)) la3f hUuf pknAw u/fof] . ToxL ;ldlt c‰}
%( la3f hUuf dfu]/ yk #$@ 3/w'/LnfO{ hUuf ljt/0f ug{] k|of;df
lyof], t/ oxL dª\l;/sf] clGtd ;ftf cWoIfaf6 afa'/fd
k'/LnfO{ x6fOPkl5 gofF ;b:o–;lrj :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L
lbg]zs'df/ yklnofn] rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . -Pg\kLcfO_
